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Finnish Verb Conjugation
Verbs in the Finnish language can be divided into six main groups depending on the stem type, both for formal analysis and for teaching the language to non-native speakers. All six types have the same set of personal endings, but the stems assume different suffixes and undergo (slightly) different changes when inflected. The article on Finnish language grammar has more about verbs and other aspects of Finnish grammar. Tables of conjugation Tables of conjugation are given here for the regular verb, of type I (to speak), as used in the formal, written language. Verb conjugation in the everyday spoken language is somewhat different. Basic tenses in the indicative mood The present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect correspond fairly well to English: 'speaks', 'spoke', 'has spoken', and 'had spoken', respectively or in the passive voice, 'it is spoken', 'it was spoken', 'it has been spoken', and 'it had been spoken'. The auxiliary verb used for negation, usually with the naked s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Language
Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish language, Swedish. In Sweden, both Finnish and Meänkieli (which has significant mutual intelligibility with Finnish) are official minority languages. Kven language, Kven, which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in the Norway, Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark by a minority of Finnish descent. Finnish is morphological typology, typologically agglutinative language, agglutinative and uses almost exclusively Suffix, suffixal affixation. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, Numeral (linguistics), numerals and verbs are inflection, inflected depending on their role in the Sentence (linguistics), sentence. Sentences are normally formed with subject–verb–object word order, alth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instructive
In grammar, the instructive case is a grammatical case used in Finnish, Estonian, and the Turkic languages. Uralic languages In Finnish, the instructive case is used to indicate means, manner, instrument, location, or time. It is almost exclusively used in fixed expressions, such as in 'with one's own eyes'. However, the instructive is productive for infinitive verbal constructions to indicate manner, as in 'laughing': 'They stepped in through the door laughing'. In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental uses are being superseded by the adessive case An adessive case ( abbreviated ; from Latin '' adesse'' "to be present (at)": ''ad'' "at" + ''esse'' "to be") is a grammatical case generally denoting location at, upon, or adjacent to the referent of the noun; the term is used most frequently for ..., as in ''minä matkustin junalla'' 'I travelled by train'. The instructive case is only marginally present in Estonian in lexicalized expressions. Language reformers of the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spoken Finnish
Colloquial or spoken Finnish () is the unstandardized spoken variety of the Finnish language, in contrast with the standardized form of the language (). It is used primarily in personal communication and varies somewhat between the different dialects. This article focuses on the variety of spoken Finnish that is predominant in the Helsinki metropolitan area and urbanized areas in the Tavastian and Central Finland dialectal areas, such as the cities of Tampere, Jyväskylä, Lahti, Hyvinkää, and Hämeenlinna – as well as in coastal cities such as Vaasa and Porvoo, which have been traditionally Swedish-speaking and have experienced an influx of Finnish speakers from a variety of dialectal areas. The standard language takes most of its features from these dialects, i.e. most "dialectal" features are reductions with respect to this form of language. The combination of the common spoken Finnish and a dialect gives a regional variant (), which has some local idiosyncrasies but is ess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negative Verb
Dryer defined three different types of negative markers in language. Beside negative particles and negative affixes, negative verbs play a role in various languages. The negative verb is used to implement a clausal negation. The negative predicate counts as a semantic function and is localized and therefore grammaticalized in different languages. Negation verbs are often used as an auxiliary type which also carries φ-feature content. This could be visualized for example in the inflectional character of the negation verb while combined with the main verb. Dryer observes a tendency to place the negation verb before the finite verb. Miestamo researched four different types of negations and proposed a distinction between ''symmetric'' negation in which a negative marker is added and ''asymmetric'' negation in which, beside the added negation marker, other structural changes appear. English In English, a standard negation (SN) is used to negate declarative main clauses. The verb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Verb Conjugation
Verbs in the Finnish language can be divided into six main groups depending on the stem type, both for formal analysis and for teaching the language to non-native speakers. All six types have the same set of personal endings, but the stems assume different suffixes and undergo (slightly) different changes when inflected. The article on Finnish language grammar has more about verbs and other aspects of Finnish grammar. Tables of conjugation Tables of conjugation are given here for the regular verb, of type I (to speak), as used in the formal, written language. Verb conjugation in the everyday spoken language is somewhat different. Basic tenses in the indicative mood The present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect correspond fairly well to English: 'speaks', 'spoke', 'has spoken', and 'had spoken', respectively or in the passive voice, 'it is spoken', 'it was spoken', 'it has been spoken', and 'it had been spoken'. The auxiliary verb used for negation, usually with the naked s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epenthetic
In phonology, epenthesis (; Greek ) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the first syllable ('' prothesis''), the last syllable ('' paragoge''), or between two syllabic sounds in a word. The opposite process in which one or more sounds are removed is referred to as syncope or elision. Etymology The word ''epenthesis'' comes from and ''en-'' and ''thesis'' . Epenthesis may be divided into two types: excrescence for the addition of a consonant, and for the addition of a vowel, svarabhakti (in Sanskrit) or alternatively anaptyxis (). Uses Epenthesis arises for a variety of reasons. The phonotactics of a given language may discourage vowels in hiatus or consonant clusters, and a consonant or vowel may be added to help pronunciation. Epenthesis may be represented in writing, or it may be a feature only of the spoken language. Separating vowels A consonant may be added to separate vowels in hiatus, as is the case with linking and intrusive R in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Causative
In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated ) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997). Describing morphosyntax: A guide for field linguists'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 173–186. that indicates that a subject either causes someone or something else to do or be something or causes a change in state of a non- volitional event. Normally, it brings in a new argument (the causer), A, into a transitive clause, with the original subject S becoming the object O. All languages have ways to express causation but differ in the means. Most, if not all, languages have specific or ''lexical'' causative forms (such as English ''rise'' → ''raise'', ''lie'' → ''lay'', ''sit'' → ''set''). Some languages also have morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms or change adjectives into verbs of ''becoming''. Other languages employ periphrasis, with control verbs, idiomatic expressions or auxiliary verbs. There tends to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adessive Case
An adessive case ( abbreviated ; from Latin '' adesse'' "to be present (at)": ''ad'' "at" + ''esse'' "to be") is a grammatical case generally denoting location at, upon, or adjacent to the referent of the noun; the term is used most frequently for Uralic studies. For Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, it is the fourth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of "on"—for example, Estonian ' (table) and ' (on the table), Hungarian ' and ' (at the table). It is also used as an instrumental case in Finnish. For Finnish, the suffix is ''/'', e.g. ' (table) and ' (on the table). In addition, it can specify "being around the place", as in ' (at the school including the schoolyard), as contrasted with the inessive ' (in the school, inside the building). In Estonian, the ending ''-l'' is added to the genitive case, e.g. ' (table) - ' (on the table). Besides the meaning "on", this case is also used to indicate ownership. For example, "mehel on auto" means ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adessive
An adessive case (abbreviated ; from Latin '' adesse'' "to be present (at)": ''ad'' "at" + ''esse'' "to be") is a grammatical case generally denoting location at, upon, or adjacent to the referent of the noun; the term is used most frequently for Uralic studies. For Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, it is the fourth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of "on"—for example, Estonian ' (table) and ' (on the table), Hungarian ' and ' (at the table). It is also used as an instrumental case in Finnish. For Finnish, the suffix is ''/'', e.g. ' (table) and ' (on the table). In addition, it can specify "being around the place", as in ' (at the school including the schoolyard), as contrasted with the inessive ' (in the school, inside the building). In Estonian, the ending ''-l'' is added to the genitive case, e.g. ' (table) - ' (on the table). Besides the meaning "on", this case is also used to indicate ownership. For example, "mehel on auto" means ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elative Case
In grammar, the elative case (abbreviated ; from "to bring or carry out") is a locative grammatical case signifying that something comes from something, somewhere or someone. Usage Uralic languages In Finnish, the elative is typically formed by adding , in Estonian by adding to the genitive stem, in Livonian and in Erzya. In Hungarian, the suffix expresses the elative: : - "out of the house, from the house" (Finnish = "house") - "out of the houses, from the houses" (Finnish = "houses") : - "out of the house, from the house" (Estonian = "house") : Erzya: - "out of the house, from the house" (Erzya = "house") : - "out of the house" (Hungarian = "house") In some dialects of Finnish it is common to drop the final vowel of the elative ending, which then becomes identical to the elative morpheme of Estonian; for example: . This pronunciation is common in southern Finland, appearing in the southwestern dialects and in some Tavastian dialects. Most other dialects u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inchoative
Inchoative aspect (abbreviated or ), also known as inceptive, is a grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state. It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages or European derived languages with high percentage of Latin-based words like Esperanto. It should not be confused with the prospective, which denotes actions that are about to start. The English language can approximate the inchoative aspect through the verbs "to become" or "to get" combined with an adjective. Since inchoative is a grammatical aspect and not a tense, it can be combined with tenses to form past inchoative, frequentative past inchoative and future inchoative, all used in Lithuanian. In Russian, inchoatives are regularly derived from unidirectional imperfective verbs of motion by adding the prefix , e.g. , : "to run", "to start running". Also compare (normal past tense plural of , "to go") with meaning approximately " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illative
In grammar, the illative case (; abbreviated ; from "brought in") is a grammatical case used in the Finnish, Estonian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Hungarian languages. It is one of the locative cases, and has the basic meaning of "into (the inside of)". An example from Hungarian is ('into the house', with meaning 'the house'). An example from Estonian is and ('into the house'), formed from ('house'). An example from Finnish is ('into the house'), formed from ('a house'), another from Lithuanian is ('into the boat') formed from ('boat'), and from Latvian ('into the boat') formed from ('boat'). In Finnish The case is formed by adding ''-hVn'', where 'V' represents the last vowel, and then removing the 'h' if a simple long vowel would result. For example, + ''Vn'' becomes with a simple long 'oo'; cf. + ''hVn'' becomes , without the elision of 'h'. This unusually complex way of adding a suffix can be explained by its reconstructed origin: a voiced palatal fricative. (Mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
