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Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between Whites (Finland), White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of Finland, grand duchy ruled by the Russian Empire to a fully independent state. The clashes took place in the context of Aftermath of World War I, the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I (Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern Front) in Europe. The war was fought between the Red Guards (Finland), Red Guards, led by a section of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social Democratic Party with backup of the Russian bolsheviks and the White Guard (Finland), White Guards of the Senate of Finland, senate and those who opposed socialism, with major assistance by the German Army (German Empire), German Imperial Army, along the German goal to control Fennoscandia. The paramilitary Red Guards, which wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannes Ignatius
Johannes Ferdinand "Hannes" Ignatius (1871, Helsinki – 1941) was a Finnish soldier and a prominent advocate for Finnish independence. Biography Ignatius was the son of the Fennophile Senator, Karl Ferdinand Ignatius, and Amanda Kristina Bergman. Ignatius received his military education at The Hamina Cadet School from 1885–1892, and at the Nicholas Academy of General Staff in St Petersburg from 1896–1899. Military service Ignatius served in the Finnish Dragoon Regiment from 1892 to 1901. He was promoted to captain in 1900. After the abolition of The Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland, he sought a career in business from 1901–1917. During World War I Ignatius was a prominent member of the Military Committee working for the Independence of Finland and was promoted to colonel and then major general in 1918. Ignatius served as the Quartermaster General of the White Army during the Finnish Civil War The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harald Hjalmarson
Harald Ossian Hjalmarson (14 July 1868 – 15 December 1919) was a Swedish military officer and mercenary. During the First World War, he fought on the side of Qajar Iran in the Persian campaign, serving in the Iranian Gendarmerie. Following the end of the First World War, Hjalmarson went to Finland and joined the White Guard during the Finnish Civil War, serving as the commander of the Crenatorial Division. His actions during the Finnish Civil War were unsatisfactory, and he was unpopular among the ranks. Biography Career before the Finnish Civil War Hjalmarson's father, Major Hjalmar Andersson, had volunteered for the American Civil War. He was also the grandson of the theater director Oscar Andersson. Hjalmarson began his military career by enlisting in the North Scanian Infantry Regiment in 1887. He graduated as an officer in 1889, attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1892 to 1894, was a candidate in the Swedish General Staff for some time in 1895, and then s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Meurer
Hugo Meurer (28 May 1869 – 4 January 1960) was a vice-admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Imperial Navy). Meurer was the German naval officer who handled the negotiations of the internment of the German fleet in November 1918 at the end of the First World War. Life Meurer was born in Sallach in Carinthia. On 16 April 1886 he joined the Kaiserliche Marine. During the First World War he served as commander of at the Battle of Jutland, and from 1916 to 1917 as captain of the battleship . In 1917 he was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral (''Konteradmiral''), as the second Admiral of the 4th Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet, which he remained until the end of the war. From 21 February to 2 May 1918, as commander of the special unit (''Sonderverband'') of the Baltic Sea, he led the naval expedition for the German intervention in the ongoing civil war in Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Brandenstein
Otto Hans Karl August Freiherr von Brandenstein (21 October 1865 – 8 May 1945) was a German officer. On 27 August 1939, ''Tannenbergtag'', he received the ''Charakter'' (brevet) as honorary Lieutenant General of the Wehrmacht. Life Freiherr von Brandenstein joined the Prussian Army as an officer candidate in 1885 and served with the 2nd Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Dragoon Regiment No. 18 in Parchim. He was promoted to Oberstleutnant in 1913. During World War I, Brandenstein served in the Western Front as a staff officer under the command of the generals Gustav Freiherr von Hollen and Eberhard von Claer. In 1918, Colonel Freiherr von Brandenstein was the commander of the brigade-sized cavalry unit Detachment Brandenstein which landed in Loviisa, Finland on 3 April. The detachment served in the Finnish Civil War and fought on the side of the Finnish Whites. After the Battle of Lahti, the unit was attached to the Baltic Sea Division. Colonel von Brandenstein was awarded the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Von Tschirsky Und Von Bögendorff
Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi actor and singer, son of Hans Raj Hans * Hans clan, a tribal clan in Punjab, Pakistan Places * Hans, Marne, a commune in France * Hans Island, administrated by Greenland and Canada Arts and entertainment * ''Hans'' (film) a 2006 Italian film directed by Louis Nero * Hans (Frozen), the main antagonist of the 2013 Disney animated film ''Frozen'' * ''Hans'' (magazine), an Indian Hindi literary monthly * ''Hans'', a comic book drawn by Grzegorz Rosiński and later by Zbigniew Kasprzak Other uses * Clever Hans, the "wonder horse" * ''The Hans India'', an English language newspaper in India * HANS device, a racing car safety device * Hans, the ISO 15924 code for Simplified Chinese characters See also *Han (other) Han may refer to: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konrad Wolf (officer)
Konrad Wolf (20 October 1925 – 7 March 1982) was an East German film director. He was the son of writer, doctor and diplomat Friedrich Wolf, and the younger brother of Stasi spymaster Markus Wolf. "Koni" was his nickname. Biography Because his father was Jewish and was an ardent and outspoken member of the German Communist Party (KPD) since 1928, he and his family left Germany via Austria, Switzerland, and France for Moscow when the Nazis took power in March 1933, where, arriving in March 1934, Wolf came into intense contact with Soviet film."Solo Sunny" DEFA Film Library at the Amherst. Retrieved November 19, 2011 At age 10, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüdiger Von Der Goltz
Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (8 December 1865 – 4 November 1946) was a German army general during the First World War. He commanded the Baltic Sea Division, which successfully intervened in the Finnish Civil War in the spring of 1918. Goltz stayed with his troops in Finland until December 1918 representing German interests, and in practice ruled the country as a military dictator during this period. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Goltz commanded the army of the local German-established government of Latvia, which in 1919 was instrumental in the defeat of the Russian Bolsheviks and their local allies in Latvia. The troops commanded by Goltz suffered a defeat against Estonia in 1919 and were eventually unsuccessful in retaining German control over Latvia and Estonia after World War I. Early life Born into the Goltz noble family in Züllichau, Brandenburg, he was the son of Count Gustav Albrecht von der Goltz (1831-1909) and his wife, Cäcili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Robert Bogusławski
Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, Kherson Oblast, a coastal village in Ukraine * Stanislaus County, California * Stanislaus River, California * Stanislaus National Forest, California * Place Stanislas, a square in Nancy, France, World Heritage Site of UNESCO * Saint-Stanislas, Mauricie, Quebec, a Canadian municipality * Stanizlav, a fictional train depot in the game '' TimeSplitters: Future Perfect'' * Stanislau, German name of Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine Schools * St. Stanislaus High School, an institution in Bandra, Mumbai, India * St. Stanislaus High School (Detroit) * Collège Stanislas de Paris, an institution in Paris, France * California State University, Stanislaus, a public university in Turlock, CA * St Stanislaus College (Bathurst), a secondary school in Bathurst, Australia * St. Stanislaus College (Guyana), a secondary school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Kalm
Hans Kalm (21 April 1889 – 1 February 1981) was an Estonian soldier who served in the armies of Russian Empire, Finland and Estonia. He was also a homeopath and naturopath who took an interest in alternative medicine. World War I and Finnish Civil War Kalm was born to a farmer's family in the village of Kotsama in Kõo Parish (now Põhja-Sakala Parish in Estonia) in the Kreis Fellin of the Governorate of Livonia. His last name is connected with the old Finno-Ugric word , meaning 'death'. According to a family legend, one of Kalm's forefathers survived the Black Death by hiding in a remote cemetery island and therefore changed his name. Kalm was recruited by the Imperial Russian Army in 1914 and fought in the First World War in the Gulf of Riga. After the 1917 Russian Revolution he fled to Finland and joined the White Guards. In the 1918 Finnish Civil War he led a battalion mostly composed of the students of two park ranger colleges from Ähtäri and Evo.Heinämäki, Jaakko: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Fredrik Wilkama
Karl Fredrik Wilkama (27 March 1876 – 15 July 1947), born Wilkman, was a Finnish General of the Infantry. He was the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Wilkama became an officer in the Imperial Russian Army in 1899. According to the records, he started his military career on 30 May 1889, when he was only 13. Wilkama was appointed General Major on 12 April 1918. He initially commanded the Finnish Eastern Army. Major General Wilkama was appointed Commander-in-chief of the Finnish Army on 31 May 1918, when General of the Cavalry Mannerheim was granted leave from his position. However, Wilkama only held his position for 2½ months (until 13 August 1918). He resigned from the army on 18 June 1919, but he was reappointed Commander-in-chief between 12 September 1919 – 7 August 1924. He was promoted to Lieutenant General on 16 May 1922. His third period as Commander-in-chief began on 2 October 1925 and he retired on 22 May 1926. He became a general of the inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
