Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded in 1939 by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), the company built its first car in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and began to produce its current line of road cars in 1947. Ferrari became a public company in 1960, and from 1963 to 2014, it was a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A. It was spun off from Fiat's successor entity, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, in 2016. The company currently offers a large model range which includes several supercars, grand tourers, and one SUV. Many early Ferraris, dating to the 1950s and 1960s, were counted amongst one of the most expensive cars ever sold at auction. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where its team, Scuderia Ferrari, is the series' single oldest and most successful. Scuderia Ferrari has raced since 1929, first in Grand Prix events and later ...

In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkeit'' or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science, psychology, marketing, and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onward, in more recent years it has suffered from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder. Etymology and definitions The name "public" originates with the Latin '' publicus'' (also '' poplicus''), from '' populus'', to the English word 'populace', and in general denotes some mass popul ...

In science, a formula is a concise way of expressing information symbolically, as in a ''mathematical formula'' or a '' chemical formula''. The informal use of the term ''formula'' in science refers to the general construct of a relationship between given quantities. The plural of ''formula'' can be either ''formulas'' (from the most common English plural noun form) or, under the influence of scientific Latin, ''formulae'' (from the original Latin). In mathematics In mathematics, a formula generally refers to an equation or inequality relating one '' expression'' to another, with the most important ones being mathematical theorems. For example, determining the volume of a sphere requires a significant amount of integral calculus or its geometrical analogue, the method of exhaustion. However, having done this once in terms of some parameter (the radius for example), mathematicians have produced a formula to describe the volume of a sphere in terms of its radius: ...

Auto may refer to: Vehicles * An automobile, or car * An autonomous car, a self-driving car * An auto rickshaw Mechanisms * Short for automatic * An automaton * An automatic transmission Media * Auto (art), a form of Portuguese dramatic play * ''Auto'' (film), a 2007 Indian comedy film * Auto (play), a subgenre of dramatic literature * ''Auto'' (Italian magazine), an Italian magazine and one of the organizers of the European Car of the Year award Fictional characters * Auto (''Mega Man''), a character from ''Mega Man'' series of games * AUTO, a fictional robot who serves as the main antagonist in the 2008 film '' WALL-E'' Locations * Auto, American Samoa * Auto, West Virginia Programming keywords * A keyword in the C programming language used to declare automatic variables * A keyword in C++11 used for type inference Other uses * Motorists for Themselves (, formally abbreviated AUTO), a political party in the Czech Republic See also * Otto (other) {{D ...

History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources ...

A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Although lists may be made for entertainment, lists are "most frequently a tool". Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". In 2009, David Wallechinsky, a co-author of '' The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being a response to "an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information", further asserting that "lists help us in organizing what is otherwise overwhelming". Philologist and literary scholar Lucie Doležalová has noted that "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a who ...

Grand may refer to: People with the name * Grand (surname) * Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor Places * Grand, Oklahoma, US * Grand, Vosges, village and commune in France with Gallo-Roman amphitheatre * Grand County (other), several places * Grand Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone, US * Le Grand, California, US; unincorporated community * Mount Grand, Brockville, New Zealand Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Grand'' (Erin McKeown album), 2003 * ''Grand'' (Matt and Kim album), 2009 * "Grand", a 2022 single by Kane Brown, from the album Different Man * ''Grand'' (magazine), a lifestyle magazine related to related to grandparents * ''Grand'' (TV series), American sitcom, 1990 * Grand Production, Serbian record label company Other uses * Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal, also known as GRAND Canal * Grand (slang), one thousand units of currency * Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection, also known as GRAND See also * * * Gr ...

A supercar, also known as an exotic car, is a street-legal sports car with race track-like power, speed, and handling, plus a certain subjective ''cachet'' linked to pedigree and/or exclusivity. The term 'supercar' is frequently used for the extreme fringe of powerful, low-bodied mid-engine luxury sportscars. A low-profile car may have limited ground clearance, but a handling-favorable center of gravity and a smaller frontal area than a front engined car. These characteristics can reduce supercars' aerodynamic drag, enabling higher top speeds. Since the 2000s, the term hypercar has come into use for the highest-performance supercars. Supercars often serve as the flagship model within a vehicle manufacturer's sports car range and typically feature various performance-related technology derived from motorsports. Some examples include the Ferrari 458 Italia, Lamborghini Aventador, and McLaren 720S. Automotive journalism typically reserves the predicate 'hypercar' for ...

FIAT Automobiles S.p.A., commonly known as FIAT ( , ; ), is an Italian automobile manufacturer. FIAT Automobiles was formed in January 2007 when FIAT Group reorganized its automobile business, and traces its history back to 1899, when the first FIAT automobile, the FIAT 3½ HP, was produced. It became a part of FIAT-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) when the FIAT Group merged with the US Chrysler Group in 2014. Subsequently, in 2021 it became a subsidiary of Stellantis, the new holding company born from FCA's merge with the French Peugeot SA. FIAT Automobiles is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy. During its more than century-long history, it remained the largest automobile manufacturer in Europe and the third in the world after General Motors and Ford for over 20 years, until the car industry crisis in the late 1980s. In 2013, FIAT was the second-largest European automaker by volumes produced and the seventh in the world, while FCA was the world's eighth-largest aut ...

FIAT Automobiles S.p.A., commonly known as FIAT ( , ; ), is an Italian automobile manufacturer. FIAT Automobiles was formed in January 2007 when FIAT Group reorganized its automobile business, and traces its history back to 1899, when the first FIAT automobile, the FIAT 3½ HP, was produced. It became a part of FIAT-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) when the FIAT Group merged with the US Chrysler Group in 2014. Subsequently, in 2021 it became a subsidiary of Stellantis, the new holding company born from FCA's merge with the French Peugeot SA. FIAT Automobiles is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy. During its more than century-long history, it remained the largest automobile manufacturer in Europe and the third in the world after General Motors and Ford for over 20 years, until the car industry crisis in the late 1980s. In 2013, FIAT was the second-largest European automaker by volumes produced and the seventh in the world, while FCA was the world's eighth-largest aut ...