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EU Referendum
This is a list of referendums related to the European Union, or referendums related to the European Communities, which were predecessors of the European Union. Since 1972, a total of 48 referendums have been held by EU member states, candidate states, and their territories, with several additional referendums held in countries outside the EU. The referendums have been held most commonly on the subject of whether to become a member of European Union as part of the accession process, although the EU does not require any candidate country to hold a referendum to approve membership or as part of treaty ratification. Other EU-related referendums have been held on the adoption of the euro and on participation in other EU-related policies. The United Kingdom is the only country as an EU member state to have held referendums on continued membership of the European Union and its antecedent organisation, the European Communities. In the first referendum in 1975, continued membership of wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Communities
The European Communities (EC) were three international organizations that were governed by the same set of institutions. These were the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), and the European Economic Community (EEC); the last of which was renamed the ''European Community'' (''EC'') in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty establishing the European Union. The European Union was established at that time more as a concept rather than an entity, while the Communities remained the actual subjects of international law impersonating the rather abstract Union, becoming at the same time its first pillar. In the popular language, however, the singular ''European Community'' was sometimes inaccurately used interchangeably with the plural phrase, in the sense of referring to all three entities. The European Coal and Steel Community ceased to exist in 2002 when its founding treaty expired. The European Community was merged with the seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Finnish European Union Membership Referendum
An advisory referendum on joining the European Union was held in Finland on 16 October 1994. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 56.9% of voters approved of the proposal, with a voter turnout of 70.8%.Nohlen & Stöver, p613 Due to having its own customs jurisdiction, a separate referendum was held in Åland a month later, and was also approved.Åland-Inseln (Finnland), 20. November 1994: Beitritt zur EU Direct Democracy Party policies Results By province A separate referendum was also held in the Åland Islands as ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Slovenian European Union And NATO Membership Referendum
A referendum on membership of the European Union and NATO was held in Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ... on 23 March 2003. Voters were asked two questions; #Do you agree to the proposal that the Republic of Slovenia should become a member of the European Union? #Do you agree to the proposal that the Republic of Slovenia should become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? Both questions received a majority in favor, with 89.61% voting for EU membership and 66.02% for NATO membership. Voter turnout was 60.23%. ''IFES'' Results Question 1 Question 2 ...
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2003 Slovak European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ... on 16 and 17 May 2003. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1747 It was approved by 93.7% of those voting, and Slovakia subsequently joined the EU on 1 May 2004. It remains the only referendum in the country's history to have not failed due to insufficient voter turnout. Results References {{Slovak elections 2003 referendums Referendums in Slovakia Referendums related to European Union accession 2003 in Slovakia 2003 in international relations 2003 in the European Union Slovakia and the European Union May 2003 events in Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Polish European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Poland on 7 and 8 June 2003.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 The proposal was approved by 77.6% of voters. Poland subsequently joined the European Union that year following the ratification of the Treaty of Accession 2003. The country's first European Parliament elections were held in 2004. Question Party policies The governing Democratic Left Alliance and its junior coalition partner, the Labour Union, strongly campaigned for joining the EU. The biggest opposition party, the Civic Platform, was also strongly supportive of joining the EU. The agrarian Polish People's Party gave its support to the "Yes" campaign after its demands for the government were met in regards to farmers. The conservative Law and Justice party was openly critical of the EU's social agenda but ultimately supported joining the EU on economic grounds. The radical agrarian Self-Defence of the Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Maltese European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on European Union membership was held in Malta on 8 March 2003. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1302 The result was 54% in favour. The subsequent April 2003 general elections were won by the Nationalist Party, which was in favour of EU membership, the opposition Labour Party having opposed joining. Malta joined the EU on 1 May 2004. The referendum saw the highest turnout in an EU membership referendum (91%) and the lowest support for joining of any of the nine countries that held referendums on joining the EU in 2003. Background Malta's first relations with the European Economic Community (EEC) saw the signing of an Association Agreement in December 1970. This agreement called for the creation of a customs union based on free trade between Malta and the Bloc. Malta submitted a formal application to join the European Community in July 1990, which was met with a positive opinion from the European Commission. However the app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Lithuanian European Union Membership Referendum
The 2003 Lithuanian European Union referendum took place from 10 May to 11 May 2003 to decide whether Lithuania should join the European Union (EU). Over 90% of those who voted supported membership and Lithuania joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Lithuania was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in December 1999 at a European Council summit in Helsinki and was formally invited to join the EU in December 2002 at a summit in Copenhagen. In June 2002 and February 2003 the Lithuanian Parliament amended Lithuania's laws on referendums. Previously, for a referendum to pass, 50% of the voters had to vote and over 50% of all eligible registered voters had to support the proposal. After the amendment only a simple majority of participants in favour was required for the referendum to pass, while still having the requirement for turnout to be over 50%. To help reach the turnout requirement, the voting hours were extended, postal voting was allowed for 11 days before the refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Latvian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on European Union membership was held in Latvia on 20 September 2003.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 Latvia was the last of the states which would join the EU in 2004 to hold a referendum on the issue. Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and Latvia joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Latvia was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in 1999 and was formally invited to join at a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002. On 27 December 2002 the Latvian government decided to hold a referendum on 20 September 2003 on joining the EU. In May 2003 the Parliament of Latvia amended the Constitution of Latvia to allow referendums on international matters. Campaigning began on 5 May 2003. Referendum question The question voted on in the referendum was: ''Do you support the membership of Latvia in the European Union?'' Campaign Latvia was seen as being one of the more skeptical countries on joining the Europea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Hungarian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Hungary on 12 April 2003. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p899 The proposal was approved by 83.8% of voters, with a voter turnout of 45.6%.Nohlen & Stöver, p912 Hungary subsequently joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Hungary submitted a membership application to the EU on 31 March 1994 and negotiations on entry began in 1998. At a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002, Hungary was one of ten countries invited to join the EU in 2004. All major parties agreed that a binding referendum on membership was needed before Hungary could join the EU. The National Assembly of Hungary changed the rules on referendums in Hungary in 1997; the previous requirement that turnout be over 50% was removed, replaced with the requirement that at least 25% of all registered voters had to vote in favor for a referendum to be legally valid. In December 2002 the Constitution of Hungary was amended to enab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Estonian European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum took place on 14 September 2003 to decide whether Estonia should join the European Union (EU). Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and Estonia joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Background Membership of the European Union was one of the main objectives of Estonian foreign policy since independence in 1991. Estonia was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in 1997 and was formally invited to join at a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002. The Parliament of Estonia then announced that a referendum on membership of the EU would be held in mid September 2003. Referendum question The question to be voted on in the referendum was agreed by the Government of Estonia in December 2002. It was: ''Are you in favour of the accession to the European Union and passage of the Act on Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia?'' Campaign Opinion polls in the first half of 2003 showed only lukewarm support for membership. This persuaded leading politician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Czech European Union Membership Referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in the Czech Republic on 13 and 14 June 2003. The proposal was supported by 77.3% of voters, with a turnout of 55.2%. The Czech Republic joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Campaign Opinion polls in the run-up to the referendum showed support for joining from 63% to over 70%, with the highest support among younger, wealthier and better educated people. Party policies The table lists the political parties which were represented in the parliament at the time of the referendum. Opinion polls Results See also *Czech Republic and the euro References {{Czech elections Czech Referendums in the Czech Republic Referendums related to European Union accession European Union membership referendum Czech European Union membership referendum Czech Czech Republic and the European Union Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2001 Swiss Referendums
Eleven referendums were held in Switzerland during 2001. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', pp1942–1943 The first three were held on 4 March on popular initiatives on joining the European Union, lowering medicine prices and lowering the urban speed limit to 30 km/h in most places. All three were rejected by voters.Nohlen & Stöver, p1942 The next three referendums were held on 10 June on two separate amendments to the federal law on the Swiss army and on a federal resolution on abolishing the requirement for a permit to establish a diocese, all of which were approved. The final five referendums were held on 2 December on federal resolution on expenditure, which was approved, and four popular initiatives, all of which were rejected. The popular initiatives were "for an assured Aged and Bereaved insurance - tax on energy instead of work," "for an authentic security policy and a Switzerland without army," "Solidarity creates security: fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
