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European Union Monitoring Mission In The Former Yugoslavia
The European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM), between 1991 and 2000 known as the European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM), was a mission of the European Union in the former Yugoslavia. History The European Union Monitoring Mission began operating on 15 July 1991 under the name of ECMM (European Community Monitoring Mission) as established by the Brioni Agreement on 7 July 1991. The mission was financed by the European Commission and at times consisted of over 200 personnel. The mission was headquartered in Zagreb and its designated area included Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and the Republic of Macedonia. ECMM was renamed as European Union Monitoring Mission on 22 December 2000. In January 1992, the mission was briefly suspended following the helicopter downing that killed five of its observers in northern Croatia. A short history of the early work of the Mission was produced in 1992, and circulated privately. The EUMM in the former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Zagreb
Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately above mean sea level, above sea level. At the 2021 census, the city itself had a population of 767,131, while the population of Zagreb metropolitan area is 1,086,528. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Šćitarjevo. The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol, Zagreb, Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242. In 1851, Janko Kamauf became Zagreb's List of mayors of Zagreb, first mayor. Zagreb has special status as a Administrative divisions of Croatia, Croatian administrative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Republic Of Macedonia
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the north. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical Macedonia (region), region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's population of over 1.83 million. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians (ethnic group), Macedonians, a South Slavs, South Slavic people. Albanians in North Macedonia, Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks in North Macedonia, Turks, Romani people in North Macedonia, Roma, Serbs in North Macedonia, Serbs, Bosniaks in North Macedonia, Bosniaks, Aromanians in North Macedonia, Aromanians and a few other minorities. The region's history begins with the Paeonia (kingdom), kingdom of Paeonia. In the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War ( / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. Following several earlier violent incidents, the war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992 when the newly independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was internationally recognized. It ended on 21 November 1995 when the Dayton accords, Dayton Accords were initialed. The main belligerents were the forces of the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and those of the breakaway proto-states of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republika Srpska (1992–1995), Republika Srpska which were led and supplied by Croatia and Republic of Serbia (1992–2006), Serbia, respectively. The war was part of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Community Monitor Mission Medal
The European Community Monitor Mission Medal is a medal which recognizes service with the European Community Monitor Mission in the former Yugoslavia which ran from 1991-2007. The mission came about as part of the Brijuni Agreement of 8 July 1991, which ended hostilities between Slovenia and Yugoslavia. This mission was to monitor the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from Slovenia. As the conflict spread, so did the mission to monitor in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Criteria The medal was awarded for at least 21 days of continuous, or 30 days of cumulative service within the theatre of operations. For those members of the mission who are killed while assigned to the monitor mission, there is no minimum period of service. The medal would be awarded posthumously. Appearance The medal is round, silver in color and 36mm in diameter. The obverse The obverse and reverse are the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Union Monitoring Mission Medal
The European Union Monitor Mission Medal (EUMM) is a medal which recognizes service with the European Union Monitoring Mission in the former Yugoslavia which ran from 2000 to 2007. It is the successor medal to the European Community Monitor Mission Medal. History Originally called the European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM), the mission came about as part of the Brijuni Agreement of 8 July 1991, which ended hostilities between Slovenia and Yugoslavia. This mission was to monitor the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from Slovenia. As the conflict spread, so did the mission to monitor in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The mission was renamed to the European Union Monitor Mission in 2000. The mission ended in 2007. Criteria The medal was awarded for 30 days of cumulative service within the EU theatre of operations. For those members of the mission who are killed while assigned to the monitor mission, there is no minimum period of service. The medal could be awarded pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Union Monitoring Capacity To Armenia
The European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia (EUMCAP) was a European Union List of military and civilian missions of the European Union, civilian deployment in the territory of Armenia that was agreed on 6 October 2022 and officially became operational on 20 October 2022. The EUMCAP completed its mandate on 19 December 2022 at which point it was superseded by a EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia, European Union Planning Assistance Team in Armenia in preparation of a possible longer-term mission in the country. Mandate The stated aim of the mission is to contribute to the border commissions work on boundary delimitation of the Armenia–Azerbaijan border, international border of Armenia and Azerbaijan, facilitate the restoration of peace and security in the area, and to build overall confidence between the two states. Timeline of events On 6 October 2022, Armenian Prime Minister of Armenia, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azeri President Ilham Aliyev met at the 1st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Union Monitoring Mission In Georgia
The European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is an unarmed peacekeeping mission operated by the European Union in Georgia. The EUMM was conceived in September 2008 following the EU-mediated ceasefire agreement, which ended the Russo-Georgian War. The mission has around 200 monitors from EU member states and operates with a budget of over 47 million euros (2022/2024). Its headquarters are in Tbilisi, with field offices in Gori, Mtskheta and Zugdidi. The EUMM started its monitoring activities on 1 October 2008 and has since been patrolling both day and night, particularly in areas adjacent to the Administrative Boundary Lines with the Russian-backed separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The organization's mission is to ensure that there is no return to hostilities, to facilitate the resumption of a safe and normal life for the local communities living in the areas adjacent to Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and to build confidence among the conflict par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Military And Civilian Missions Of The European Union
The European Union (EU) has undertaken a number of overseas missions and operations, drawing on civilian and military capabilities, in several countries across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia), as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The operation or mission in question will work in agreement and coordination with the EU delegations, until 2009 known as the ''European Security and Defence Policy'' (ESDP). Classification In the EU terminology, civilian CSDP interventions are called 'missions', regardless of whether they have an executive mandate such as EULEX Kosovo or a non-executive mandate (all others). Civilian missions include uniformed personnel such as Police and Gendarmerie, but not military personnel. Military interventions, however, can either have an executive mandate such as for example Operation Atalanta in which case they are referred to as 'operations' and are commanded at two-star level; or non-executive mandate (e.g. EUTM Somali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Houston Chronicle
The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Houston, Texas, United States. it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With the 1995 buyout of its longtime rival the ''Houston Post'', the ''Chronicle'' became Houston's newspaper of record. The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper owned and operated by the Hearst (media), Hearst Corporation, a Privately held company, privately held multinational corporation, multinational corporate media conglomerate with $10 billion in revenues. The paper employs nearly 2,000 people, including approximately 300 journalism, journalists, editorial, editors, and photography, photographers. The ''Chronicle'' has bureaus in Washington, D.C., and Austin, Texas, Austin. The paper reports that its web site averages 125 million page views per month. The publication serves as the "newspaper of record" of the Housto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1992 European Community Monitor Mission Helicopter Downing
The 1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing was an incident that occurred on 7 January 1992, during the Croatian War of Independence, in which a European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) helicopter carrying five European Community (EC) observers was downed by a Yugoslav Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, in the airspace above the village of Podrute, near Novi Marof, Croatia. An Italian and a French officer and three Italian non-commissioned officers were killed. Another ECMM helicopter flying in formation with the attacked helicopter made an emergency landing. The second helicopter carried a crew and a visiting diplomat, all of whom survived. The incident was condemned by the United Nations Security Council and the EC. As a result of the incident, the Yugoslav authorities suspended the head of the air force, and the Yugoslav defense minister, General Veljko Kadijević, resigned his post. The events followed the end of the first stage of the war in Croatia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Albania
Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. With an area of , it has a varied range of climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions. Albania's landscapes range from rugged snow-capped mountains in the Accursed Mountains, Albanian Alps and the Korab, Central Mountain Range, Albania#Skanderbeg Mountains, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains, to fertile lowland plains extending from the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast, Adriatic and Albanian Ionian Sea Coast, Ionian seacoasts. Tirana is the capital and largest city in the country, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër. Albania was inhabited by several List of Illyrian peoples and tribes, Illyrian tribes, among them the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
