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European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's Big Four (banking)#International use, most important central banks with a balance sheet total of around 7 trillion. The Governing Council of the European Central Bank, ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy for the Eurozone and the European Union, administers the foreign exchange reserves of EU member states, engages in foreign exchange operations, and defines the intermediate monetary objectives and key interest rate of the EU. The Executive Board of the European Central Bank, ECB Executive Board enforces the policies and decisions of the Governing Council, and may direct the national central banks when doing so. The ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the volume must be approved by the EC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The European Central Bank
The president of the European Central Bank is the head of the European Central Bank (ECB), the main institution responsible for the management of the euro and monetary policy in the Eurozone of the European Union (EU) The current president of the European Central Bank is Christine Lagarde, previously the chair and managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Role and appointment The president heads the executive board, Governing Council and General Council of the ECB, and represents the bank abroad, for example at the G-20 major economies, G20. The officeholder is appointed by a Voting in the Council of the European Union, qualified majority vote of the European Council, ''de facto'' by those who have adopted the euro, for an eight-year non-renewable term. History Duisenberg Wim Duisenberg was President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) when it became the ECB, just prior to the launch of the Euro, on 1 June 1998. Duisenberg then became the first President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seat Of The European Central Bank
The seat of the European Central Bank is situated in Frankfurt, Germany. Its premises comprise a twin-tower skyscraper and the city's former Wholesale Market Hall (''Großmarkthalle''), with a low-rise building connecting the two. It was completed in 2014 and was officially opened on 18 March 2015. The European Central Bank (ECB) is required by the Treaties of the European Union to have its seat within the city limits of Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the eurozone. The ECB previously resided in the Eurotower and, as its duties increased due to countries joining the eurozone, in three further high-rise buildings nearby – the Eurotheum and Japan Center. Architecture The main office building, constructed for the ECB, consists of two towers that are joined by an atrium with four interchange platforms. The North tower has 45 storeys and a roof height of , whereas the South tower has 43 storeys and a roof height of . With the antenna, the North tower reaches a hei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Finland
The Bank of Finland (, ) is the national central bank for Finland within the Eurosystem. It was the Finnish central bank from 1865 to 1998, issuing the markka. It views itself as the fourth oldest surviving central bank in the world, after Sweden's Riksbank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of France, having been originally created in 1811-1812 as the Office of Exchange, Lending, and Deposits of the Grand Duchy of Finland () before taking its current name in 1840. Unlike many other longstanding central banks, it has always been government-owned. History Russian Empire In 1809, the Russian Empire annexed Finland and made it a Grand Duchy with its own administrative structure. One aim of the new authorities was to sever Finland's previous economic integration with Sweden, including the use of the Swedish riksdaler as currency. To that effect, the Office of Exchange, Lending, and Deposits was chartered on and established on in Turku by Alexander I of Russia, partly model ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of Slovakia
National Bank of Slovakia (, NBS) is the national central bank for Slovakia within the Eurosystem. It was the Slovak central bank from 1993 to 2008, issuing the koruna. Since 2014, it has been Slovakia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It was formed on from the division of the State Bank of Czechoslovakia as part of the process of dissolution of Czechoslovakia, together with the Czech National Bank. In addition to its headquarters in Bratislava, the National Bank has 5 regional offices. The bank doesn't call itself the ''National Bank of Slovakia'' in English but uses its Slovak name Národná banka Slovenska in its English communications. Organization Governing bodies The supreme governing body of the National Bank of Slovakia is the Bank Board, which formulates monetary policy, applies appropriate instruments, and rules on monetary measures. It is composed of the Governor and a Vice-Governor, and other three members. Since the introduction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Slovenia
The Bank of Slovenia () is the national central bank for Slovenia within the Eurosystem. It was the Slovenian central bank from 1991 to 2006, issuing the tolar. Since 2014, it has also been Slovenia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. Overview The National Bank of Slovenia was established in 1973-1976 as part of the decentralization drive initiated by Josip Broz Tito at the time. From 1976 to 1991, it operated within the federal central banking system in which the National Bank of Yugoslavia (NBY) acted as central institution. In early 1991, during the early phase of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the National Bank of Slovenia started preparations to introduce a separate currency to replace the dinar, following revelations of capture of the NBY by Serbian politicians. Slovenian legislation reorganizing and renaming the National Bank as the Bank of Slovenia entered into force on , the same day as Slovenia's declaration of independence which triggered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco De Portugal
The Banco de Portugal (, ) is the National central bank (Eurosystem), national central bank for Portugal within the Eurosystem. It was the Portuguese central bank from 1846 to 1998, issuing the Portuguese escudo, escudo. Since 2014, it has also been Portugal's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. The bank was founded by royal charter in 1846, during the reign of Queen Maria II of Portugal, by a merger of the , the first bank founded in Portugal, and insurer ''Companhia Confiança Nacional''. The bank has branch offices in: Castelo Branco, Portugal, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Évora, Faro, Portugal, Faro, Funchal, Leiria, Porto (Caixa Filial) and Viseu. History Foundation Queen Maria II of Portugal established the bank by royal charter on 19 November 1846 to act as a commercial bank and issuing bank. It came about as the result of a merger of the :pt:Banco de Lisboa, Banco de Lisboa, the first bank founded in Portugal, and the Companhia de Confiança ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Nederlandsche Bank
De Nederlandsche Bank (, , abbr. DNB) is the national central bank for the Netherlands within the Eurosystem. It was the Dutch central bank from 1814 to 1998, issuing the guilder. Since 2014, it has also been the country's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It was originally founded by King William I, and has been since transformed into a state-owned public limited company (, abbreviated NV). History On 2 May 1998, the European heads of state or government decided that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) would begin on 1 January 1999 with eleven member states of the European Union (EU), the Netherlands included. As from 1 June 1998, the Dutch central bank, De Nederlandsche Bank, forms part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). On the same day, the new Bank Act (of 1998) came into force. Nearly 185 years into its existence, the Nederlandsche Bank entered a new phase. Tasks Under the 1998 Bank Act – replacing that of 1948 – the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of Malta
The Central Bank of Malta () is the Maltese national central bank for Malta within the Eurosystem. It was the Maltese central bank from 1968 to 2007, issuing the Maltese lira. Since 2014, it has also been Malta's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. The Central Bank of Malta Act was originally published by means of Act XXXI of 1967, succeeded the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Malta which had been in operation since 1940. It has been amended a number of times, most recently by Acts I and IV of 2007 in order to provide for the bank's membership within the Eurosystem. The Central Bank of Malta is located in an early 20th-century building. Completed in 1924 as the Vernon Institute, or Vernon Club. The bank occupied the building since 1967, but made arrangement for the lease of the premises in 1968, with a contract lasting almost hundred years. The interior was eventually demolished in 1968, keeping the façade, to be redeveloped and housing th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of Luxembourg
The Central Bank of Luxembourg ( , BCL; ; ) is the national central bank for Luxembourg within the Eurosystem. It was founded for that purpose in 1998, and also succeeded the Institut Monétaire Luxembourgeois in some of the latter's mandates. Former IML Management * Pierre Jaans (Director General of IML 1983–1998) * Raymond Kirsch (President of IML 1985–1998) Governors BCL * Yves Mersch (1998–2013) * Gaston Reinesch (since 2013) See also * List of banks in Luxembourg *Economy of Luxembourg *Luxembourgish franc * List of central banks References * Ernest Mühlen, ''Monnaie et circuits financiers au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg'', Université Internationale de Sciences Comparées, Luxembourg, 1968. * Roger Croisé, René Link, ''La législation monétaire au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg de 1815 à nos jours'', Edition Lux-Numis, Luxembourg,1988, 639 p. External links Official site of Banque centrale du Luxembourg [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Lithuania
The Bank of Lithuania () is the national central bank for Lithuania within the Eurosystem. It was the Lithuanian central bank from 1922 to 2014, albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1993. It issued the Lithuanian litas between 1922 and 1940, the Lithuanian talonas in 1991-1993, then a second litas from 1993 to 2014. Since 2015, it has also been Lithuania's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. History The Bank of Lithuania was first established in Kaunas on 27 September 1922. Its first governor was Vladas Jurgutis. The first task of the bank was to replace German ostmark and ostrubel, which circulated after the World War I, with the new Lithuanian currency, the litas. The bank's mandate extended beyond a pure monetary authority, as it also entailed a developmental role with the possibility of allocating short-term credit to industry and agriculture. In 1931, the bank became a member of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvijas Banka
The Bank of Latvia (,) is the national central bank for Latvia within the Eurosystem. It was the Latvian central bank from 1922 to 2013, albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1992. It issued the Latvian lats (1922-1940), then a Latvian ruble (1992-1993) and second lats (1993-2013). Since 2014, it has also been Latvia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. The Bank of Latvia's administration is located in Riga. History On , the Constitutional Assembly adopted the Law on the Establishment of the Bank of Latvia, which granted its issuance privilege. The Bank's interim statutes were approved on by the Cabinet of Ministers, with its initial capital set at 10 million lats. On , the Saeima approved a permanent Statute of the Bank of Latvia, signed by President Jānis Čakste on 2 July. The bank was headed by a council and board. The council consisted of a chairman, a deputy, and 11 members; the board included a director general, his deputy, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banca D'Italia
The Bank of Italy (Italian language, Italian: ''Banca d'Italia'', , informally referred to as ''Bankitalia'') is the National central bank (Eurosystem), national central bank for Italy within the Eurosystem. It was the Italian central bank from 1893 to 1998, issuing the Italian lira, lira. Since 2014, it has also been Italy's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It is located in Palazzo Koch, via Nazionale (Rome), via Nazionale, Rome. History The institution was established in 1893 from the combination of three major banks in Italy (after the Banca Romana scandal).Alfredo Gigliobianco and Claire Giordano"Economic Theory and Banking Regulation: The Italian Case (1861-1930s)" ''Quaderni di Storia Economica'' (''Economic History Working Papers''), No. 5, November 2010 The new central bank first issued banknotes during 1926. Until 1928, it was directed by a general manager, after this time instead by a governor elected by an internal commission of manager ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
