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Esperantujo
Esperantujo () or Esperantio () is the community of speakers of the Esperanto language and their Esperanto culture, culture, as well as the places and institutions where the language is used. The term is used "as if it were a country." Although it does not occupy its own area of Earth's surface, it can be said to constitute the 120 countries which have their own national Esperanto association. Etymology and terminology The word is formed analogously to country names. In Esperanto, the names of countries were traditionally formed from the ethnic name of their inhabitants plus the suffix ''-ujo''. For example, "France" was , from (a Frenchman). The term analogous to ''Francujo'' would be ''Esperantistujo'' (Esperantist-nation). However, that would convey the idea of a physical body of people, whereas using the name of the language as the basis of the word gives it the more abstract connotation of a cultural sphere. Currently, names of nation states are often formed with the suf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esperanto
Esperanto (, ) is the world's most widely spoken Constructed language, constructed international auxiliary language. Created by L. L. Zamenhof in 1887 to be 'the International Language' (), it is intended to be a universal second language for international communication. He described the language in ''Dr. Esperanto's International Language'' (), which he published under the pseudonym . Early adopters of the language liked the name and soon used it to describe his language. The word translates into English as 'one who hopes'. Within the range of constructed languages, Esperanto occupies a middle ground between "naturalistic" (imitating existing natural languages) and ''Constructed language#A priori and a posteriori languages, a priori'' (where features are not based on existing languages). Esperanto's vocabulary, syntax and semantics derive predominantly from languages of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European group. A substantial majority of its vocabulary (approximat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Auxiliary Language
An international auxiliary language (sometimes acronymized as IAL or contracted as auxlang) is a language meant for communication between people from different nations, who do not share a common first language. An auxiliary language is primarily a foreign language and often a constructed language. The concept is related to but separate from the idea of a ''lingua franca'' (or dominant language) that people must use to communicate. The study of international auxiliary languages is interlinguistics. The term "auxiliary" implies that it is intended to be an additional language for communication between the people of the world, rather than to replace their native languages. Often, the term is used specifically to refer to planned or constructed languages proposed to ease international communication, such as Esperanto, Ido and Interlingua. It usually takes words from widely spoken languages. However, it can also refer to the concept of such a language being determined by international co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esperanto Culture
Esperanto culture refers to the shared cultural experience of the Esperantujo, or Esperanto-speaking community. Despite being a constructed language, Esperanto has a history dating back to the late 19th century, and shared socio-cultural mores have developed among its speakers. Some of these can be traced back to the initial ideas of the language's creator, Ludwig Zamenhof, including the theory that a global second language would foster international communication. Others have developed over time, as the language has allowed different national and linguistic cultures to blend together. Esperanto culture also includes art, literature, and music, as well as international celebrations and cultural exchanges such as the Pasporta Servo. Writing Esperanto was originally a language that one had to learn entirely through books, and even today most people live apart from each other and converse through the internet, so writing and reading are a big part of Esperanto culture. Most people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raumism
Raumism () is an ideology beginning in 1980 with the ''Rauma Manifesto'', which criticized the goals of the traditional Esperanto movement and defined the Esperanto community as "a stateless diaspora linguistic minority" based on freedom of association Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline membe .... Rauma Manifesto The Rauma Manifesto () was ratified in 1980 at the 36th International Youth Congress in Rauma, Finland. It emphasized that official acceptance of the language was not probable and not essential during the 1980s and that it was necessary to have alternative goals. The manifesto emphasized the fact that the Esperanto-speaking community had itself become a culture, worthy of preservation and promotion for its own sake. It states: "We want to spread Esperanto to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esperanto Museum And Collection Of Planned Languages
The Esperanto Museum and Collection of Planned Languages (, ), commonly known as the Esperanto Museum, is a museum for Esperanto and other constructed languages in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1927 by Hofrat Hugo Steiner and was incorporated into the Austrian National Library as an independent collection in 1928. Today, it is a museum, library, documentation center, and archive. It accommodates the largest collection of constructed languages in the world and a linguistic research library for language planning.(eo) Bernhard Tuider, "La Kolekto por Planlingvoj kaj la Esperantomuzeo de la Aŭstria Nacia Biblioteko. Historio, havaĵo kaj esplorebloj", inJęzy, Komunikacja. Informacja. Language. Communication. Information (PDF) I. Koutny (red./ed.) 10/2015: 184–195. Its catalogue is available online. Since 2005, the museum has been located in the Baroque Palais Mollard-Clary. The museum holds around 35,000 library volumes, 3700 periodical titles, 3500 cultural artifacts, 10, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Barrier
A language barrier is a figurative phrase used primarily to refer to linguistic barriers to communication, i.e. the difficulties in communication experienced by people or groups originally speaking different languages (or different dialects in some cases). Language barrier impedes the formation of interpersonal relationships and can cause misunderstandings that lead to various kinds of serious consequences. These can include conflict, frustration, medical distress, offenses of a criminal nature, violence, and wasting time, effort, money, and human life. Communication Typically, little communication between speakers of different languages occurs unless one or both parties learn a new language, which requires an investment of much time and effort. People travelling abroad often encounter a language barrier. The people who come to a new country at an adult age or have a limited vocabulary, when language learning is a cumbersome process, can have particular difficulty overcom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzberg Am Harz
Herzberg am Harz (Esperanto: ) is a town in the Göttingen (district), Göttingen district of Lower Saxony, Germany. Geography Herzberg is situated on the southwestern rim of the Harz mountain range and the Harz National Park. Natural monuments in the surrounding area include the Unicorn Cave, the Karst Trail, and the Rhume Spring. The town centre is located on the Sieber (river), Sieber river, about northeast of Göttingen and southeast of the state capital Hanover. The municipal area comprises the villages of Lonau, Pöhlde, Scharzfeld, and Sieber (Herzberg am Harz), Sieber. History Herzberg Castle in the Duchy of Saxony was first mentioned in an 1143 deed. A hunting lodge at the site was already erected from 1024 to 1029 by King Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II. It was seized by the Saxon House of Welf, Welf dynasty in 1144 and in 1158 became a property of Duke Henry the Lion with consent of the House of Hohenstaufen, Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick I, Holy Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Grésillon
The Château de Grésillon () is situated 250 km to the southwest of Paris in Baugé between Angers, Le Mans and Tours in France. The nonprofit organization "Cultural House of French Esperanto Speakers," established in 1951, owns the château with an 18 hectare park (about 0.2 square kilometers). It is frequently visited by students of Esperanto from all around the world, especially in summer Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day .... External links GreziljonoFacebook groupOfficial website(Esperanto, French and German versions) References Châteaux in Maine-et-Loire Esperanto culture {{France-castle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Espero
"La Espero" () is a poem written by Polish Jews, Polish-Jewish doctor L. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917), the initiator of the Esperanto language. The song is often used as the (unofficial) anthem of Esperanto, and is now usually sung to a triumphal march (music), march composed by Félicien Menu de Ménil in 1909 (although there is an earlier, less martial tune created in 1891 by Claes Adelsköld, along with a number of other lesser-known tunes). It is sometimes referred to as the hymn of the Esperanto movement. Some Esperantists object to the use of terms like "hymn" or "anthem" for ''La Espero'', arguing that these terms have religious and nationalist overtones, respectively. Lyrics See also * Esperanto music * The Internationale * Anthem of Europe References External links * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Espero Esperanto culture Esperanto music Anthems Anti-war songs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian National Library
The Austrian National Library (, ) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Hofburg#Neue Burg, Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in Innere Stadt, center of Vienna. Since 2005, some of the collections have been relocated within the Baroque structure of the Palais Mollard-Clary. Founded by the House of Habsburg, Habsburgs, the library was originally called the Imperial Court Library (); the change to the current name occurred in 1920, following the end of the Habsburg Monarchy and the proclamation of the Austrian Republic. The library complex includes four museums, as well as multiple special collections and archives. Middle Ages The institution has its origin in the imperial library of the Middle Ages. During the Medieval period, the Austrian Duke Albert III, Duke of Austria, Albert III (1349–1395) moved the books of the Viennese vaults into a library. Albert also arranged for important works from L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Białystok
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the List of cities and towns in Poland, tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Uplands of the Podlachia, Podlachian Plain on the banks of the Biała (Supraśl), Biała River, (124 mi) northeast of Warsaw. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the Belarus–Poland border, nearby border with Belarus also being the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb: Mild to warm summer subtype, warm summer continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
