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Enver Pasha's Campaign In Bukhara (1922)
Enver Pasha's campaign in Bukhara or Enver Pasha's Bukhara campaign was a series of military engagements between the Basmachi movement, led by Enver Pasha and Molla Abduk Kakhar, and Soviet forces led by Mikhail Frunze in former Emirate of Bukhara and Soviet Turkestan during April and May 1922. The campaign resulted in the Basmachi forces temporarily gaining control over much of Eastern and parts of Western Bukhara, challenging Soviet authority in the area. Despite initial successes, Soviet counteroffensives later that year continued to contest the region. The campaign formed part of the broader Basmachi Revolt against Soviet rule in Central Asia following the Russian Civil War. Background After Enver Pasha's successful siege in Dushanbe, Under Enver's leadership, the Basmachis regained control over much of Bukhara. Koyenikov, the official Soviet Russian representative in Bukhara, reported to the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs that "the Basmachi were growing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukhara
Bukhara ( ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents . It is the capital of Bukhara Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara and later Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (''Bukhārā-ye sharīf''). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a List of World Heritage Sites in Uzbekistan, World Heritage Site. Names The exact name of the city of Bukhara in ancient times is unknown. The whole Oasis of Bukhara, oasis was called Bukhara in ancient times, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic
The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was a Soviet state that governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the years immediately following the Russian Revolution. In 1924, its name was changed to the Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic (Bukharan SSR). After the redrawing of regional borders, its territory was assigned mostly to the Uzbek SSR and some to the Turkmen SSR. History In 1868, the Russian Empire forced the Emirate of Bukhara to accept protectorate status. Over the next 40 years, the Russians slowly eroded Bukhara's territory, although they never actually annexed the city of Bukhara itself. However, the emir could not shut out all outside influences, and gradually some of the disaffected youth of Bukhara gravitated to Pan-Turkism, inspired by the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire, ideas taken from the Islamic Jadid reform movement, and the new Bolshevik-inspired communism. These various ideologies coalesced in the Young Bukharans (, ''mladobukhartsy''), led by Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Soviet Union
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles In 1922
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkestan Front
The Turkestan Front () was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed on the territory of Turkestan Military District by Order of the Republic of Turkestan on February 23, 1919. It was formed a second time by the directive of the Commander-in-Chief on August 11, 1919 on the territory of Samara, Astrakhan, Orenburg Province and Ural region by renaming the Southern group of armies from the Eastern Front of the RSFSR. Its headquarters were in Samara and by 1920 the Turkestan Front counted some 114,000 soldiers. Operations In May–July 1919 troops of the Turkestan Front defeated the Turkestan Army, an armed Formation of the AFSR in the Caspian region. In 1919, the troops of the Turkestan Front defeated the Southern Army of Admiral Kolchak, broke through the blockade of Turkestan (September 13, 1919) and joined with the troops of the Turkestan Soviet Republic. Until mid-October 1919, the Turkestan Front fought against the Ural Cossack Army of Gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergey Kamenev
Sergey Sergeyevich Kamenev (; April 16 Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. April 4 1881 – August 25, 1936) was a Soviet Union">Soviet military leader who reached Komandarm 1st rank. Kamenev was born in Kiev. In World War I he commanded a regiment in the rank of colonel. He became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1918. In July 1919, Kamenev replaced Jukums Vācietis as Commander-in-chief of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Kamenev was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR from April 1924 to May 1927. He died of a heart attack on 25 August 1936 following the Trial of the Sixteen, incidentally on the same day that Lev Kamenev (no relation) and Grigory Zinoviev were executed. Early life Kamenev was born in Kiev in a noble family, the son of a mechanical engineer at the Kiev plant "Arsenal", a Colonel of artillery. He dreamed of becoming a surgeon as a child, but ultima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boysun
Boysun (, ) is a city in Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan and capital of Boysun District. The population was 16,732 as of the 1989 census, and 27,600 in 2016. History Boysun is one of the oldest inhabited places in the Surxondaryo Region of Uzbekistan. It is located to the northwest of Boysun in the Teshiktosh mountains. It is known that people have lived in Boysun for approximately the last 5,000 years. From the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, Boysun was the location of a fortified city called "Poikalon". In the 6th to 13th centuries, another city, Bosand, was situated in the Boysun area and was one of the cities of Chaghaniyan. Bosand is also mentioned as such in Abu Ishaq al-Istakhri's "Book of Roads and Kingdoms." "Hudud al-'Alam" describes Bosand as a place with a large and militant population. Bosand was strategically located on the trade route between Chaghaniyan and Samarkand, passing through the Iron Gate. The exteriors of the houses are adorned with colorful patterns, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qubodiyon
Qubodiyon, also Qubadiyan, ancient Kobadiyan (; , ''Qobādiyān'') is a town in the Khatlon Region of Tajikistan. It is the capital of Qubodiyon District. The population of the town is 12,200 (January 2020 estimate). Qubodiyon was possibly founded by the Sasanian king Kavad I () during his exile in the Hephthalite Empire, where the town possibly served as his source of revenue. In the early medieval period, it was capital of the district of Kubadhiyan. Nasir Khusraw, a Persian poet, philosopher, Isma'ili scholar, traveler and one of the greatest writers in Persian literature was born in the village in 1004 CE. The Oxus Treasure was found near Kobadiyan."East of Termez, on the Kafirnigan River, on the territory of Tajikistan, lies the small town of Kobadiyan, near which was found in the late 1870s one of the most famous treasures of all time, the so - called treasure of Oxus." in File:Kabadiyan ambassador to the Southern Liang court 516-520 CE.jpg, Kabadiyan ambassador to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bokhtar
Bokhtar (), previously known as Qurghonteppa, Kurganteppa and Kurgan-Tyube, is a city in southwestern Tajikistan, which serves as the capital of the Khatlon region. Bokhtar is the largest city in southern Tajikistan, and is located south of Dushanbe and north of Kunduz, Afghanistan. Population As of 2019, the city's population was estimated at 110,800, making it the third-largest city in the country. The population fluctuates depending on the season, due to the many Tajik people, Tajik migrant workers in Russia. Along with the capital Dushanbe, Bokhtar is more demographically diverse than other major Tajik cities such as Khujand, Kulab, Tajikistan, Kulob or Istaravshan. Its population includes Tajiks, Uzbeks, Russians, Pashtuns, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kazakhs, Greeks, and many more. The city had a large number of ethnic Russians who worked in the industrial and agricultural complexes in and around the city. Bokhtar is a stronghold of Tajikistan's political opposition. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasht Valley
The Rasht Valley (; ) is located in Tajikistan and composes a significant portion of the Region of Republican Subordination, including the five districts of Lakhsh, Rasht, Tavildara now Sangvor, Tajikobod and Nurabad. Historically the Rasht Valley has been called Karotegin or Karategin. During the 1992-1997 Tajikistan Civil War, the region was a stronghold for forces opposed to the government of Emomalii Rahmon and became the site of numerous battles. Notably, four members of the United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan were murdered in the Garm district in 1998. From the 1920s until 1955 the Rasht Valley was within the Gharm Oblast. History Karotegin is the historic name of the Rasht Valley and a historic political region in pre-Soviet Central Asia that is today part of Tajikistan. The Karotegin region was also named Garm, though Garm is also the name of a city and a regional group of Garmi Tajiks. Karotegin frequently appears in its alternative spellings, Qa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulob
Kulob or Khatlon is a city in Khatlon Region in southern Tajikistan. Located southeast of the capital Dushanbe on the river Yakhsu (a right tributary of Panj), it is one of the largest cities in the country. Its population is estimated at 106,300 for the city proper and 214,700 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). The city is served by Kulob Airport. History Greek inscription During the Hellenistic period following the conquests of Alexander the Great, the region of modern Kulob was part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. A Greek inscription dating to the period 200195BCShane WallacGreek Culture in Afghanistan and India: Old Evidence and New Discoveries p.206 has been discovered in which a person named Heliodotos dedicates a fire altar to Hestia for the sake of the king Euthydemus I and his son Demetrius I. Later history The historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari refers to Khatlon as early as AD 737, although its founding is said to have been much earlier. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
