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Emirate Of Nejd
The second Saudi state (), officially known as the Emirate of Najd, was a state that existed between 1824 and 1891 in the Najd region of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central (Najd) and Eastern Arabia after the first Saudi state having previously been brought down by the Ottoman Empire's Egypt Eyalet in the Ottoman–Saudi War. The second Saudi period was marked by less territorial expansion and less religious zeal, although the Saudi leaders continued to be called Imam and still employed Wahhabist religious scholars. Turki bin Abdullah's reconquest of Riyadh from Ottoman-Egyptians forces in 1824 is generally regarded as the beginning of the second Saudi state. Severe internal conflicts within the House of Saud eventually led to the dynasty's downfall at the Battle of Mulayda in 1891, between the forces loyal to the last Saudi imam, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, and the House of Rashid of Ḥaʼil. History The first Saudi to attempt to regain power af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconquest Of Riyadh
The Reconquista was the gradual military retaking ("reconquering") of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. Reconquest or Reconquista may also refer to: * Pueblo Revolt Reconquest, the restoration of colonial government in Spanish New Mexico following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 * Reconquista de Buenos Aires, the restoration of Spanish control of Buenos Aires in 1806; see * Reconquista (Spanish America), the restoration of Spanish colonial possessions in the New World, typically control of colonial governments loyal to Ferdinand VII of Spain following the Peninsular War in Europe ** Reconquest (Chile), the restoration of Spanish colonial possession of Chile during the War of Independence ** Reconquista (Colombia), the restoration of Spanish colonial possession following a rebellion in what is now Colombia; see Spanish reconquest of New Granada ** Santo Domingo / Dominican Republic: *** Reconquista (Santo Domingo), the restoration of Spanish colonial possession of Santo Domingo foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Saud
The House of Saud ( ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818), and his brothers, though the ruling faction of the family is primarily led by the descendants of Ibn Saud, the modern founder of Saudi Arabia. It forms a subtribe of the larger prominent ancient Banu Hanifa tribe of Arabia, from which well known 7th century Arabian theologist Maslama ibn Ḥabīb originates. The most influential position of the royal family is the King of Saudi Arabia, an absolute monarch. The family in total is estimated to comprise 15,000 members; however, the majority of power, influence and wealth is possessed by a group of about 2,000 of them. Some estimates of the royal family's wealth measure their net worth at $1.4 trillion. This figure includes the market capitalization of Saudi Aramco, the state oil and gas company, and its vast assets in fos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, as well as southern Iraq and Jordan. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the Roman era, the Sinai Peninsula was also considered a part of Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and south-west, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the north-east, the Levant and Mesopotamia to the north and the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean to the south-east. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world and globally due to its vast reserves of petroleum, oil and natural gas. Before the mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Of London (1840)
The Convention of London of 1840 was a treaty with the title of ''Convention for the Pacification of the Levant'', signed on 15 July 1840 between the Great Powers of United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia on one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. The Convention lent some support to the Ottoman Empire, which was having difficulties with the rebellious Wali of Egypt. Because Muhammad Ali of Egypt did not accept the terms of the convention, the Oriental Crisis of 1840 resulted. Thus, Muhammad Ali finally had to accept the convention on 27 November 1840. Negotiations The treaty summarized recent agreements concerning the Ottoman Empire under Abdulmecid I, and its second war with Muhammad Ali's Egypt Eyalet. It was brought about by the Great Powers' fear of the destabilizing effect an Ottoman collapse would have on Europe. The Ottomans agreed to declare the Dardanelles closed to all non-Ottoman warships in peacetime. Muhammad Ali was to withdraw immediately his forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalid Bin Saud Al Saud (1811–1865)
Khalid bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (; 1811–1865) ruled the Second Saudi State, known as the Emirate of Najd, for three years, from 1838 to 1841. His reign was part of plans by Muhammad Ali Pasha, ruler of Egypt, to dominate Arabia following his capture of Syria in 1831. Khalid was the great-grandson of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Al Saud dynasty, and second cousin of Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah, another ruler of the Second Saudi State. Early life Khalid was born in 1811. He was the youngest son of Saud bin Abdulaziz and the brother of Abdullah bin Saud who was beheaded in Istanbul in 1819. Khalid had four other brothers: Mishari, Turki, Nasser and Saad. Following the capture of Diriyah and of his elder brother Abdullah, ruler of Diriyah, Khalid and his family were sent to Egypt in May 1819. In the same incident his three brothers were killed by Ibrahim Pasha. Khalid stayed for nearly eighteen years in Egypt where he was educated under the patronage of Muhammad Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saudi Horsemen
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Saudi or Saudi Arabian may refer to: * Saudi Arabia * Saudis, people from Saudi Arabia * Saudi culture, the culture of Saudi Arabia * House of Saud, the ruling family of Saudi Arabia See also *Saud (other) The House of Saud The House of Saud ( ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818), and his brothers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ali Of Egypt
Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Albanians, Albanian viceroy and governor who became the ''de facto'' ruler of History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty, Egypt from 1805 to 1848, widely considered the founder of modern Egypt. At the height of his rule in 1840, he controlled Egypt, Turco-Egyptian Sudan, Sudan, Hejaz, the Levant, Crete and parts of Greece and transformed Cairo from a mere Ottoman provincial capital to the center of an expansive empire. Born in a village in Ottoman Albania, Albania, when he was young he moved with his family to Kavala in the Rumelia Eyalet, where his father, an Albanian tobacco and shipping merchant, served as an Ottoman commander of a small unit in the city. Ali was a military commander in an Albanian Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from French campaign in Egypt and Syria, French occupation following Napoleon's withdrawal. He Muhammad Ali's rise to power, rose to power through a series of po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expedition To Najd (1836)
Expedition may refer to: * An exploration, journey, or voyage undertaken by a group of people especially for discovery and scientific research Places * Expedition Island, a park in Green River, Wyoming, US * Expedition Range, a mountain range in Queensland, Australia Arts, entertainment, and media Games *Expedition, included in the List of Pokémon Trading Card Game sets *''Expeditions'', a sequel to the board game ''Scythe'' *'' Expeditions: Conquistador'', a 2013 video game, the first game in the ''Expeditions'' series Literature * ''Expeditions'' (poetry collection), a collection of poetry by Margaret Atwood * ''Expedition'' (book), a science-fiction novel by Wayne Douglas Barlowe *''Expedition Magazine'', published by Penn Museum *''L'Expédition'', a volume of the French science fiction comic series '' Les Mondes d'Aldébaran'', part of the ''Bételgeuse'' graphic novel *''L'expédition'', a novel by Agnès Desarthe Music *"Expedition", a song by Sara Groves fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faisal Bin Turki Al Saud (1785–1865)
Faisal bin Turki Al Saud (; 1785 – December 1865) was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State and seventh head of the House of Saud. Early life Faisal was the son of Imam Turki bin Abdullah. He was one of the members of the Al Saud family who was taken to Cairo following the capture of Diriyah by Ibrahim Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali, in May 1819. Faisal returned to Riyadh in 1827-1828. In 1830 Faisal was sent on military operations to Al Hasa in the east. In his absence, his father was assassinated by Mishari bin Abdul Rahman, a second-cousin of his father in 1834. Faisal hurried back to Riyadh to deal with the revolt. His troops stormed the castle and killed Mishari. Emir of Jabal Shammar, Abdullah bin Rashid, helped Faisal in this attack. Those not directly involved in the murder were spared and the town pledged allegiance. Reign Early reign and captivity Imam Faisal first ruled the Second Saudi State from 1834 to 1838. Then he was forced into exile in Cairo by the O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Bin Saud Al Muqrin
Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin Al Saud (; 1687–1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Diriyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, named after his father, Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin. His reign lasted between 1727 and 1765. Origins Ibn Saud's family (then known as the Al Muqrin) traced its descent to the Banu Hanifa tribes but, despite popular misconceptions, Muhammad bin Saud was neither a nomadic Bedouin nor a tribal leader. Rather, he was the ruler (''emir'') of the town of Diriyah near modern-day Riyadh. He had lands there and was involved in financing the commercial journeys of merchants. Furthermore, he was competent and ambitious. Early life Muhammad bin Saud was born in Diriyah in 1687. Among his siblings were Mishari, Thunayan and Farhan. The family resided in the citadel of Turaif in Diriyah. Reign Muhammad bin Saud became local emir of Diriyah in 1727. The initial power base was the town of Diriyah where he met Muhamma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Bin Saud Al Saud
Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud (; died May 1819) was the last ruler of the First Saudi State, from 1814 to 1818, and was executed in Constantinople under the Ottoman Empire. Although the Ottomans maintained several garrisons in the Nejd thereafter, they were unable to prevent the rise of the Emirate of Nejd, also known as the Second Saudi State, led by Turki bin Abdullah. Early life Abdullah was the eldest son of Saud bin Abdulaziz, who declared him as the heir apparent in 1805. Abdullah's first military command was in 1811. In his second command he fought against the Egyptians in 1812, and was unable to prevent them from ultimately recapturing Hejaz. Following his failure, Saud bin Abdulaziz took back the command, which delayed the capture of the region. Reign Abdullah succeeded his father, Saud, in May 1814. At the beginning of his reign, Abdullah faced intra-family challenges from his uncle Abdullah bin Muhammad, but managed to settle these problems. His father had initiated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Saudi State
The first Saudi state (), officially the Emirate of Diriyah (), was established in 1744, when the emir of a Najdi town called Diriyah, Muhammad I, and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab signed a pact to found a socio-religious reform movement to propagate the Wahhabi religious doctrine under the political leadership of the House of Saud. History Early establishment The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd, and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman. Saud's forces also captured the highlands of Asir, while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to join jihad. After many military campaigns, Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765, leaving the leadership to his son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad. Saud's forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801. Here they destroyed the shrine of the sain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
