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Elias D'Ussel
Elias or Elyas d'Ussel or d'Uisel (fl. c. 1200) was a Limousin troubadour A troubadour (, ; ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The tr ..., the cousin of the three brothers Eble, Peire, and Gui d'Ussel, Gui, and co-castellan with them of the castle of Ussel-sur-Sarzonne, northeast of Ventadorn. According to Gui's ''Vida (Occitan literary form), vida'', Elias composed "good ''tensos''.''The Vidas of the Troubadours'', ed. and trans. Margarita Egan (New York: Garland, 1984), p. 44. . He has left behind four ''tensos'', one ''partimen'', and two ''Cobla (Occitan literary term), coblas''. He composed one series of verses with Gaucelm Faidit. The complete works of the four relations of Ussel, including Eble, were first compiled in one volume by J. Audiau as ''Les poésies des quatre troubadours d'Usse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limousin (province)
Limousin () is a former province of the Kingdom of France. It existed from 1589 until 1790, when the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (''départements'') and districts (''arrondissements''). It is located in the foothills of the western edge of the Massif Central and surrounds the city of Limoges (). The territory of the former province of Limousin corresponds to an area smaller than the administrative region, comprising the current department of Corrèze, the southern half of Haute-Vienne (including Limoges, its historic capital), and a small part of the Dordogne. History The history of Limousin reaches back to Celtic and Roman times (50 BC to 550 AD). Its name is derived from the name of a Gallic tribe, the Lemovices, whose main sanctuary was recently found in Tintignac and became a major research site of the Celtic world. During the 10th century, Limousin was divided into many '' seigneuries''. The most important of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female equivalent is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, '' trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his '' De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) and since died out. The texts of troubado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eble D'Ussel
Eble or Ebles d'Ussel (also ''d'Ussèl'' or ''d'Uisel''; fl. c. 1200) was a Limousin troubadour, the eldest of three brothers, castellans of the castle of Ussel-sur-Sarzonne, northeast of Ventadorn. His younger brothers were Peire and Gui and he also had a cousin named Elias, all troubadours. Of his corpus only one ''tenso'', one ''partimen'' (with Guilhem Ademar), and a ''cobla The ''cobla'' (, plural ''cobles'') is a traditional music ensemble of Catalonia, and in Northern Catalonia in France. It is generally used to accompany the sardana, a traditional Catalan folk dance, danced in a circle. Structure The modern Cobl ...'' survive. The only sources for his life, besides his own songs, are the '' vida'' of his brother Gui and a document recording the donation of land to the abbey of Bonaigue by two brothers Guido and Eblo Usseli. According to Gui's ''vida'', Eble composed "bad ''tensos''".''The Vidas of the Troubadours'', ed. and trans. Margarita Egan (New York: Garland, 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peire D'Ussel
Peire d'Ussel or d'Uisel (''Pèire d'Ussèl'' in modern Occitan; fl. c. 1200) was a Limousin troubadour, the middle of three brothers, castellans of the castle of Ussel-sur-Sarzonne, northeast of Ventadorn. His elder brother was Eble and his younger Gui, and he also had a cousin named Elias; all four were troubadours. According to Gui's '' vida'', Peire descanted his relatives’ songs.''The Vidas of the Troubadours'', ed. and trans. Margarita Egan (New York: Garland, 1984), p. 44. . This should not be understood to imply that Peire was only a musician.Perrin, Robert H"Descant and Troubadour Melodies: A Problem in Terms."''Journal of the American Musicological Society'', 16:3, (Autumn, 1963), pp. 313–324. One ''cobla The ''cobla'' (, plural ''cobles'') is a traditional music ensemble of Catalonia, and in Northern Catalonia in France. It is generally used to accompany the sardana, a traditional Catalan folk dance, danced in a circle. Structure The modern Cobl ...'' addres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gui D'Ussel
Gui d'Ussel, d'Ussèl, or d'Uisel (floruit, fl. 1195–1209Aubrey, 16.) was a troubadour from the Limousin (province), Limousin. Twenty of his poems survive: eight ''Canso (song), cansos'', two ''pastorelas'', two ''Cobla (Occitan literary term), coblas'', and eight ''tensos'', several with his relatives and including a ''partimen'' with Maria de Ventadorn. Four of his ''cansos'' melodies remain. According to his ''Vida (Occitan literary form), vida'', Gui was the youngest of three sons of a wealthy noble family of the castle Ussel-sur-Sarzonne, northeast of Ventadorn. He and his brothers Ebles d'Ussel, Ebles and Peire d'Ussel, Peire, as well as his cousin Elias d'Ussel, Elias, are all reputed troubadours and castellans of Ussel according to the author of the ''vida'', who makes Gui himself a Canon (priest), canon of Montferrand (district of Clermont-Ferrand), Montferrand and Brioude in the diocese of Clermont-Ferrand, diocese of Clermont.Egan, 44. Among his relatives Gui was k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castellan
A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1194, Beatrice of Bourbourg inherited her father's castellany of Bourbourg upon the death of her brother, Roger. Initial functions During the Migration Period after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (third to sixth century), foreign tribes entered Western Europe, causing strife. The answer to recurrent invasion was to create fortified areas which evolved into castles. Some military leaders gained control of several areas, each with a castle. The problem lay in exerting control and authority in each area when a leader could only be in one place at a time. To overcome this, they appointed castellans as their trusted vassals to manage a castle in exchange for obligations to the landlord, often a noble. In the 9th century, as fortification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventadorn
Moustier-Ventadour (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France. Geography The Luzège forms most of the commune's eastern boundary. Population Personalities *Bernart de Ventadorn, medieval troubadour See also * Château de Ventadour *Communes of the Corrèze department The following is a list of the 277 communes of the Corrèze department of France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include Fren ... References Communes of Corrèze {{Corrèze-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vida (Occitan Literary Form)
''Vida'' () is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz. The word ''vida'' means "life" in Occitano-Romance languages, Occitan languages; they are short prose biographies of the troubadours, and they are found in some chansonniers, along with the works of the author they describe. Vidas are notoriously unreliable: Mouzat, while complaining that some scholars still believe them, says they represent the authors as "ridiculous bohemians, and picaresque heroes"; Alfred Jeanroy calls them "the ancestors of modern novels". Most often, they are not based on independent sources, and their information is deduced from literal readings of the poems details. Most of the ''vidas'' were composed in Italy, many by Uc de Saint Circ. Additionally, some individual poems are accompanied by ''razos'', explanations of the circumstances in which the poem was composed. Troubadours with ''vidas'' Sources There is a complete collection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenso
A ''tenso'' (; ) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God ( Peire de Vic), the poet's horse ( Bertran Carbonel) or his cloak ( Gui de Cavalhon). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the '' partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the '' cobla esparsa'' or '' cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples * Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. * Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. * Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of the two st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partimen
The ''partimen'' (; ; also known as ''partia'' or ''joc partit'') is a cognate form of the French jeu-parti (plural ''jeux-partis''). It is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry composed between two troubadours, a subgenre of the ''tenso'' or ''cobla'' exchange in which one poet presents a dilemma A dilemma () is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the ''horns'' of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of p ... in the form of a question and the two debate the answer, each taking up a different side. Of the nearly 200 surviving Occitan debate songs, 120 are ''partimens'' and 75 are open ''tensos''. The ''partimen'' was especially popular in poetic contests. See also Torneyamen. References Further reading * Alfred Jeanroy, ''Les origines de la poésie lyrique en France au Moyen-Age'' (Paris, 1899, 3/1925) *Alfred Jeanroy: ''La poésie lyrique des tro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobla (Occitan Literary Term)
A ''cobla esparsa'' ( literally meaning "scattered stanza") in Old Occitan is the name used for a single-stanza poem in troubadour poetry. They constitute about 15% of the troubadour output, and they are the dominant form among late (after 1220) authors like Bertran Carbonel and Guillem de l'Olivier.Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. (1999), ''The Troubadours: An Introduction'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ). The term ''cobla triada'' is used by modern scholars to indicate a ''cobla'' taken from a longer poem and let stand on its own, but its original medieval meaning was a ''cobla esparsa'' taken from a larger collection of such poems, since ''coblas esparsas'' were usually presented in large groupings. Sometimes, two authors would write a cobla esparsa each, in a ''cobla'' exchange; this corresponds, in a shorter form, to the earlier '' tenso'' or '' partimen''.Martín de Riquer (1964), Història de la Literatura Catalana, vol. 1 (Barcelona: Ariel), 509ff. Whether such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
