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Electromagnetic Catapult
An electromagnetic catapult, also called EMALS ("electromagnetic aircraft launch system") after the specific US system, is a type of aircraft launching system. Currently, only the United States and China have successfully developed it, and it is installed on the ''Gerald R. Ford''-class aircraft carriers and the Chinese aircraft carrier ''Fujian''. The system launches carrier-based aircraft by means of a catapult employing a linear induction motor rather than the conventional steam piston. Electromagnetic catapults have several advantages over their steam-based counterparts. Because the rate of aircraft acceleration is more uniform (and is configurable), stress on the airframe is reduced considerably, resulting in increased safety and endurance and lower maintenance costs for the aircraft. Electromagnetic systems also weigh less, are expected to cost less and require less maintenance, and can launch both heavier and lighter aircraft than steam catapults. They also take up le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMALS
The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is a type of electromagnetic catapult system developed by General Atomics for the United States Navy. The system launches carrier-based aircraft by means of a catapult employing a linear induction motor rather than the conventional steam piston, providing greater precision and faster recharge compared to steam. EMALS was first installed on the lead ship of the , USS ''Gerald R. Ford'', c. 2015. Its main advantage is that it accelerates aircraft more smoothly, putting less stress on their airframes. Compared to steam catapults, the EMALS also weighs less, is expected to cost less and require less maintenance, and can launch both heavier and lighter aircraft than a steam piston-driven system. It also reduces the carrier's requirement of fresh water, thus reducing the demand for energy-intensive desalination. Design and development Developed in the 1950s, steam catapults have proven exceptionally reliable. Carriers equipped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Christian Science Monitor
''The Christian Science Monitor'' (''CSM''), commonly known as ''The Monitor'', is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in Electronic publishing, electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist. Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven ''Monitor'' journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens (1950), John Hughes (editor), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (cartoonist), Clay Bennett (2002)."Pulitzer Prizes" at ''The Christian Science Monitor'' official website H ...
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Ma Weiming
Ma Weiming (; born 6 April 1960) is a Chinese electrical engineer. He is a professor of the PLA Naval University of Engineering. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and holds the military rank of rear admiral. He led the development of the electromagnetic catapult system for the Type 003 aircraft carrier and the development of electromagnetic railguns. In 2017, he was awarded the August 1 Medal, the highest honor of the People's Liberation Army. Biography Ma was born in April 1960 in Yangzhong, Jiangsu, China. He graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of PLA Naval University of Engineering in Wuhan with a BS degree in 1982 and an MS degree in 1987. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Tsinghua University in 1996. Ma is Professor and Director of the Institute of Power Electronic Technique Application at the Naval University of Engineering. In 2001, he was elected a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 002 Aircraft Carrier
''Shandong'' (17; ) is a Chinese aircraft carrier that was launched on 26 April 2017 for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of the People's Republic of China. She is the country's first domestically built aircraft carrier and second in PLAN service after the completion and commissioning of , from which she is derived. ''Shandong''s class was initially suspected to be designated Type 001A (as ''Liaoning'' received the designation Type 001) but was revealed to be Type 002 at her commissioning ceremony. The class received the NATO reporting name ''Kuznetsov Mod.'' ("modified"), since the design of the ship is a modified version of and similar to the aircraft carrier originally made for the Soviet Navy. History Construction ''Shandong'' was constructed by the Dalian Shipbuilding Industry, part of the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, in Dalian, Liaoning province, China. According to the state Xinhua News Agency, manufacture began in November 2013 and laid down the k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 003 Aircraft Carrier
''Fujian'' (18; ) is a Chinese aircraft carrier serving in the People's Liberation Army Navy. It is the third aircraft carrier of the Chinese aircraft carrier programme and the first of the Type 003 class (NATO/ OSD ''Fujian'' class). It succeeds the Type 002 ''Shandong'' which is described as a modified aircraft carrier. It is China's first indigenously designed carrier, and its first capable of catapult- assisted take-offs ( CATOBAR); previous Chinese carriers used ski-jumps ( STOBAR). ''Fujian'' was built by the Jiangnan Shipyard for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), launched on 17 June 2022, and started sea trials in May 2024. In 2019, analyst Robert Farley believed that ''Fujian'' would be the "largest and most advanced aircraft carrier ever built outside the United States". Design ''Fujian''s class was originally designated by observers as Type 002. At the time, the class of the incomplete was thought to be Type 001A. ''Shandong'' was officially confirmed as a T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Army Navy
The People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as the People's Navy, PLA Navy or simply Chinese Navy, is the naval warfare military branch, branch of the People's Liberation Army, the national military of the People's Republic of China. It is composed of five sub-branches: the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force, Surface Force, the People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force, Submarine Force, the People's Liberation Army Navy Coastal Defense Force, Coastal Defense Force, the People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps, Marine Corps and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force, Naval Air Force, with a total strength of 384,000 personnel, including 55,000 People's Liberation Army Marine Corps, marines and 50,000 naval aviation personnel. The PLAN's combat units are deployed among three theater commands of the People's Liberation Army, theater command naval fleet, fleets, namely the North Sea Fleet, North Sea, East Sea Fleet, East Sea and South Sea Fleet, which serve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yin Zhuo
Yin Zhuo (; born September 1945), is a rear admiral in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, and a committee member of the eleventh Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Yin Zhuo is Han Chinese and was born in September 1945 of father Yin Mingliang (), a vice political commissar of the People's Liberation Army in Fuzhou, China. Yin Zhuo is a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Yin was educated at the Université de Paris and the French Naval Academy. Yin Zhuo was the director of the consultative committee for the informatization of the Chinese Navy during the eleventh Chinese People's consultative conference. Yin Zhuo is most notable for statements that China should establish an offshore base in order to curtail piracy in Somalia. In his capacity as researcher, Yin has accused the United States of sparking an arms race through its use of missile defence systems in the Asia-Pacific region, to the detriment of developing countries with limited budgets, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landing
Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal, aircraft, or spacecraft returns to the ground. When the flying object returns to water, the process is called alighting, although it is commonly called "landing", "touchdown" or " splashdown" as well. A normal aircraft flight would include several parts of flight including taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and landing. Aircraft Aircraft usually land at an airport on a firm runway or helicopter landing pad, generally constructed of asphalt concrete, concrete, gravel or grass. Aircraft equipped with pontoons ( floatplane) or with a boat hull-shaped fuselage (a flying boat) are able to land on water. Aircraft also sometimes use skis to land on snow or ice. To land, the airspeed and the rate of descent are reduced such that the object descends at a low enough rate to allow for a gentle touch down. Landing is accomplished by slowing down and descending to the runway. This speed reduction is accomplished by r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takeoff
Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff. For aircraft that take off horizontally, this usually involves starting with a transition from moving along the ground on a runway. For balloon (aircraft), balloons, helicopters and some specialized fixed-wing aircraft (VTOL aircraft such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, Harrier and the Bell Boeing V22 Osprey), no runway is needed. Horizontal Power settings For light aircraft, usually full power is used during takeoff. Large transport category (airliner) aircraft may use a flex temp, reduced power for takeoff, where less than full power is applied in order to prolong engine life, reduce maintenance costs and reduce noise emissions. In some emergency cases, the power used can then be increased to increase the aircraft's performance. Before takeoff, the engines, particularly piston engines, are routinely run up at high po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runway
In aviation, a runway is an elongated, rectangular surface designed for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft. Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt concrete, asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (sod, grass, soil, dirt, gravel, ice, sand or road salt, salt). Runways, taxiways and Airport apron, ramps, are sometimes referred to as "tarmac", though very few runways are built using Tarmacadam, tarmac. Takeoff and landing areas defined on the surface of water for seaplanes are generally referred to as waterways. Runway lengths are now International Civil Aviation Organization#Use of the International System of Units, commonly given in meters worldwide, except in North America where feet are commonly used. History In 1916, in a World War I war effort context, the first concrete-paved runway was built in Clermont-Ferrand in France, allowing local company Michelin to manufacture Bréguet Aviation military aircraft. In January 1919, aviation p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landing Gear
Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for taxiing, takeoff or landing. For aircraft, it is generally needed for all three of these. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company. For aircraft, Stinton makes the terminology distinction ''undercarriage (British) = landing gear (US)''. For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with skis or Seaplane, floats needed to operate from snow/ice/water and skids for vertical operation on land. Retractable undercarriages fold away during flight, which reduces drag (physics), drag, allowing for faster airspeeds. Landing gear must be strong enough to support the aircraft and its design affects the weight, balance and performance. It often comprises three wheels, or wheel-sets, giving a tripod effect. Some unusual land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground Carriage
An aircraft ground carriage (also "ground power assisted takeoff and landing concept") is a landing gear system connected to the ground, on which aircraft can takeoff, take off and Landing, land without their aircraft-installed landing gear. The technical feasibility of the ground carriage is being investigated by two research groups. In 2013, International Air Transport Association, IATA included the technology into their "Technology Roadmap"; Airbus pursues the concept as part of its "Future by Airbus” strategy. Advantages and functionality The aircraft-installed landing gear and related structures and systems account for 6 to 15 per cent of the operating empty weight, empty weight of an aircraft, but it is only required on the ground for takeoff and landing as well as for taxiing and parking. During Cruise (aeronautics), cruise flight, it is carried along as unused ballast. An aircraft without landing gear could therefore require 8 to 20 per cent less fuel in flight. Furthermo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
