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Data Security Law Of The People's Republic Of China
The Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China (; referred to as the Data Security Law or DSL) governs the creation, use, storage, transfer, and exploitation of data within China. The law is seen to be primarily targeted at technology companies which have grown increasingly powerful in China over the years. The law is part of a series of interlocking but related national security legislation including the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China, Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, Cybersecurity Law and National Intelligence Law of the People's Republic of China, National Intelligence Law, passed during Xi Jinping Administration, Xi Jinping's administration as part of efforts to strengthen national security . Provisions The law controversially requires data localisation of data collected by foreign and domestic entities on Chinese citizens. The law prohibits the export of data by technology companies without first the completion of a "cyb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standing Committee Of The National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPCSC) is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is the highest organ of state power and the legislature of China. Although the parent NPC has superiority over the Standing Committee, and certain authorities are not delegated, the Standing Committee is generally viewed to have more power, albeit inferior to its parent, as the NPC convenes only once a year for two weeks, leaving its Standing Committee the only body that regularly drafts and approves decisions and laws. History In 1954, the 1st National People's Congress was held in Beijing, which became the statutory parliament of the People's Republic of China. The Standing Committee was established as its permanent body. The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the National People's Congress is the sole organ that exercises the legisl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the Global city, most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a British Hong Kong, colony of the British Empire after the Qing dynasty, Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Bao'an County, Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842.. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 In China
In 2021, China continued to address the COVID-19 pandemic in China with a Zero-COVID policy that significantly reduced transmission of COVID-19 through large scale lockdowns and testing. The Convidecia and Sinopharm vaccines were approved for general use in China in February 2021. China achieved a record number of 55 space missions in 2021, including the development of the ''Tiangong'' space station and the first Chinese craft to land on Mars. Concerns about declining birth rates caused the national government to replace its two-child policy with a three-child policy in May 2021. In the Chinese zodiac, 2021 was the year of the Ox and associated with the Wuxing element of metal. Long standing territorial disputes continued in China. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea led to a diplomatic incident with the Philippines in April 2021. Disputes over the recognition of Taiwan included the possibility of Lithuanian recognition of Taiwan, leading to a diplomatic crisis in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laws Of China
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of The People's Republic Of China
The Law of the People's Republic of China, officially referred to as the Socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is the legal regime of China, with the separate legal traditions and systems of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. China's legal system is largely a civil law system, although found its root in Great Qing Code and various historical system, largely reflecting the influence of Continental European legal systems, especially the German civil law system in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hong Kong and Macau, the two Special Administrative Regions, although required to observe the constitution and the basic laws and the power of the National People's Congress, are able to largely maintain their legal systems from colonial times. During the Maoist period (1949–1978), the government had a hostile attitude towards a formalized legal system, because Mao and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) "saw the law as creating constraints upon their power." The le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Information Protection Law Of The People's Republic Of China
The Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国个人信息保护法; pinyin: ''Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó gèrén xìnxī bǎohù fǎ'') referred to as the Personal Information Protection Law or ("PIPL") protecting personal information rights and interests, standardize personal information handling activities, and promote the rational use of personal information. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside of China. The PIPL was adopted on August 20, 2021, and is effective November 1, 2021. It is related to, and builds on top of both China's Cybersecurity Law ("CSL") and China's Data Security Law ("DSL"). The PIPL is similar to, and partly based on, the European Union's GDPR. An officiaEnglish versionfor reference only was published on December 29, 2021. History On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress passed the Private Information Protection Law or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China–United States Trade War
The China–United States trade war () is an ongoing economic conflict between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. In January 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump began setting tariffs and other trade barriers on China with the goal of forcing it to make changes to what the U.S. says are longstanding unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft. The Trump administration stated that these practices may contribute to the U.S.–China trade deficit, and that the Chinese government requires transfer of American technology to China."Findings of the Investigation into China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawfare
Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to damage or delegitimize an opponent, or to deter individual's usage of their legal rights.''Unrestricted Warfare''p. 55 The term may refer to the use of legal systems and principles against an enemy, such as by damaging or delegitimizing them, wasting their time and money (e.g. SLAPP suits), or winning a public relations victory. Alternatively, it may describe a tactic used by repressive regimes to label and discourage civil society or individuals from claiming their legal rights via national or international legal systems. This is especially common in situations when individuals and civil society use non-violent methods to highlight or oppose discrimination, corruption, lack of democracy, limiting freedom of speech, violations of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law. Etymology The term is a portmanteau of the words ''law'' and ''warfare''. Perhaps the first use of the term "lawfare" was in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Group
Ant Group ()'','' formerly known as Ant Financial, is an affiliate company of the Chinese conglomerate Alibaba Group. The group owns the world's largest mobile (digital) payment platform Alipay, which serves over 1.3 billion users and 80 million merchants, with total payment volume (TPV) reaching in June 2020. It is the second largest financial services corporation in the world, behind Visa. In March 2019, ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that Ant's flagship Tianhong Yu'e Bao money-market fund was the largest in the world, with over 588 million users, or more than a third of China's population, contributing cash to it. In October 2020, Ant Group was set to raise US$34.5 billion in the world's largest IPO at the time, valuing the company at US$313 billion. On the eve of the IPO, China stopped the process from moving forward. It was reported that the Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping personally scuttled the Ant IPO. On 12 April 2021, ''The Wall Street Journal'' repor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meituan
Meituan (, literally "beautiful group"), formerly Meituan-Dianping, is a Chinese shopping platform for locally found consumer products and retail services including entertainment, dining, delivery, travel and other services. The company is headquartered in Beijing and was founded in 2010 by Wang Xing. The company operates different apps and websites for different services. The Meituan site offers deals of the day by selling vouchers on local services and entertainment. By May 2014, the company had 5,000 employees. In 2015, Meituan merged with Dazhong Dianping and changed its name to "Meituan-Dianping". dianping.com ( 大众点评网 ''Dàzhòng diǎnpíng wǎng'', literally "public reviews net") hosts consumer reviews of restaurants, similar to Yelp and TripAdvisor, and also offers group buying similar to Groupon. Meituan-Dianping is one of the world's largest online and on-demand delivery platforms. It has over 290 million monthly active users and 600 million registered users ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DLA Piper
DLA Piper is a multinational law firm with offices in over 40 countries throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. In 2021, it had a total revenue of US$3.47 billion, an average profit per equity partner of US$2.5 million, and was the third largest law firm in the United States as measured by revenue. DLA Piper was formed in January 2005 by a merger between three law firms: San Diego-based ''Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP'', Baltimore-based ''Piper Rudnick LLP'' and United Kingdom-based ''DLA LLP''. It is composed of two partnerships, the United Kingdom-based DLA Piper International LLP and the United States-based DLA Piper LLP (US). The two partnerships share a single global board and are structured as a Swiss Verein. History Origins DLA Piper's origins can be traced back to Thomas Townend Dibb (1807–1875) and Sir Charles Lupton OBE (1855–1935). The founder of the firm was born in Leeds in 1807, the son of a physician. He was edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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