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Duke Of Friuli
The dukes and margraves of Friuli were the rulers of the Duchy of Friuli, Duchy and March of Friuli in the Middle Ages. The dates given below, when contentious, are discussed in the articles of the respective dukes. Lombard dukes * 568–c.584 Gisulf I of Friuli, Gisulf I, nephew of King Alboin * 568/c.584–590 Grasulf I of Friuli, Grasulf I brother of GisulfGoubert, Paul. ''Byzance avant l'Islam II 1: Byzance et les Francs'' (Paris 1956) p. 197 * 590–610 Gisulf II of Friuli, Gisulf II, son of Grasulf I * 610–617 Tasso of Friuli, Tasso, son of Gisulf II * 610–617 Kakko of Friuli, Kakko, brother of Tasso * 617–651 Grasulf II of Friuli, Grasulf II, brother of Gisulf II * 651–663 Ago of Friuli, Ago * 663–666 Lupus of Friuli, Lupus * 666 Arnefrit of Friuli, Arnefrid, son of Lupus * 666–678 Wechtar of Friuli, Wechtar * 678–??? Landar of Friuli, Landar * ???–694 Rodoald of Friuli, Rodoald * 694 Ansfrid of Friuli, Ansfrid * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Friuli
The Duchy of Friuli () was a Lombard duchy in present-day Friuli, the first to be established after the conquest of the Italian peninsula in 568. It was one of the largest domains in '' Langobardia Major'' and an important buffer between the Lombard kingdom and the Slavs, Avars, and the Byzantine Empire. The original chief city in the province was Roman Aquileia, but the Lombard capital of Friuli was ''Forum Julii'', modern Cividale. Along with the dukes of Spoleto, Benevento and Trent, the lords of Friuli often attempted to establish their independence from the royal authority seated at Pavia, though to no avail. After the Lombard campaign of Charlemagne and the defeat of King Desiderius in 774, Friuli was incorporated into the Carolingian Empire, but the last Lombard duke Hrodgaud of Friuli was left at his post, until he rebelled in 776, and was deposed. Under Carolingian rule, the duchy gradually expanded into a wast frontier province, since Franks took Istria from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ado Of Friuli
Ado (or Ato) (died 695) was the Duke of Friuli after the usurper Ansfrid of Friuli, Ausfrid was defeated at Verona in 694. According to Paul the Deacon, he was a brother of the former duke Rodoald of Friuli, Rodoald and ruled for a year and seven months. The actual length of his reign is disputed, as is the year of its occurrence. He appears with the title ''loci servator'' (caretaker) and may have only held the duchy as regent on behalf of the king. A certain Ado fought with Raginpert against Liutpert in 702, but the identification of this duke with Ado of Friuli is disputable. Sources *Paul the Deacon''Historia Langobardorum'' Translated by William Dudley Foulke. University of Pennsylvania: 1907. *Thomas Hodgkin (historian), Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and her Invaders''. Clarendon Press: 1895. Dukes of Friuli Lombard warriors 7th-century Italian nobility 7th-century Lombard people 7th-century births Year of birth uncertain 695 deaths {{Italy-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aio Of Friuli
Aio or Haio (died after 811) was the probable Duke of Friuli between the death of Eric (799) and the appointment of Cadolah (817). He may have been preceded by another possible duke, Hunfrid, who died circa 808. Though he is not found as a duke in any contemporary or later sources, from his power in the region, he is surmised to have exercised the ducal authority during a period when no other duke is known. Aio was first granted land in the Duchy of FriuliActually, he was granted land ''in territorio Foroiulense et Vicentino atque Veronense'': "in the territory of Friuli and Vicenza, as well as Verona." by Charlemagne on 2 February 799. Charlemagne later confirmed the division of this property between Aio's sons on 7 July 809: the eldest son, Alboin or Albuin, received Friuli and Vicenza; the second, Ingobert, received land in Vicenza; and the youngest, Agisclaf, received Verona. Aio's holdings were extensive and his grants to his sons had to be confirmed by the emperor himself. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunfrid, Margrave Of Istria
Hunfrid () was the Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, Duke of Friuli from 799 to 804, when a Duke John was ruling Istria. He was the founder of the family called the Hunfridings. Hunfrid first appears in Istria as ''marchio'' in 799, the same year that Eric of Friuli died. He was probably an Aleman, although the historian of early medieval Raetia, Elizabeth Meyer-Marthaler, considered him of Frankish origin. He was the count of Rhaetia in 806 and 808. A record of his presiding over a public court at Rankweil in his capacity as count of Rhaeta (''Reciarum comis'') survives. He interrogated witnesses, ordered boundaries of a disputed property walked out, ordered judges (''scabini'') to make a finding and issued a verdict in writing. The surviving record describes him as a '' vir inluster''.Jennifer R. Davis, ''Charlemagne's Practice of Empire'' (Cambridge University Press, 2015), 65. Based on his presence in a list of personages in the ''libri memoriales'' of Reic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Of Friuli
Eric (also ''Heirichus'' or ''Ehericus''; died 799) was the Duke of Friuli (''dux Foroiulensis'') from 789 to his death. He was the eldest son of Gerold of Anglachgau and by the marriage of his sister Hildegard the brother-in-law of Charlemagne. Background An elegy composed by Paulinus II, Patriarch of Aquileia on the occasion of the death of his friend Eric, reveals that Eric had been born at "''urbs dives Argentea''", a Latin name of Frankish Strasbourg."''Versus Paulini de Herico duce,''" in ''L'Oeuvre Poétique de Paulin D'Aquilée.'' Edited by Dag Norberg (Stockholm: Almquist and Wiskell International, 1979), 100. The elegy and another work of Paulinus called the ''Liber Exhortationis,'' a work which draws from the Bible and certain Fathers of the Church to offer instruction on how to live a morally upright Christian life while carrying out secular duties, indicates that Eric was a pious Catholic. Eric was appointed to the Carolingian Duchy of Friuli in 789, about two years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcarius Of Friuli
Marcarius was the Duke of Friuli from 776 to 787. He was the first Friulian duke appointed by Charlemagne after the rebellion of the Lombard Hrodgaud.Hodgkin, VIII, p 182 n4. He was probably not a Lombard. He played a minor part in the Schism of the Three Chapters. When the bishop of Istria, Maurice, was arrested and his eyes gouged out by the Byzantine authorities for allegedly stirring up the populace to desert Byzantium for the Frankish Empire, Pope Hadrian I received him in Rome before sending him to the court of Marcarius in Friuli. Hadrian also sent a letter to Charlemagne asking him to send Marcarius against Byzantine Istria to reinstall Maurice in his see.Hodgkin, VIII, p 46 n4. Marcarius was succeeded by Eric The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, Eirik, or Eiríkur is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-N ..., a faithful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hrodgaud Of Friuli
Hrodgaud or Rodgand was the Duke of Friuli from 774 to 776. In all likelihood he was already duke under Desiderius, notwithstanding some Frankish sources, such as the '' Einhardis annales'', who say that Charlemagne put him in power after the Siege of Pavia. In 776, he rebelled against his lord and, according to some, declared himself king. Charlemagne, however, had been forewarned of the revolt by Pope Hadrian I, who himself had been warned in a letter by John, Patriarch of Grado. Hadrian believed that a conspiracy of Lombards and Byzantines, led by Arechis II of Benevento, Hildeprand of Spoleto, and Raginald of Clusium, was brewing against the Franks. Thus, Charles quickly crossed the Alps and defeated him, retaking Friuli and Treviso, where he spent Easter Easter, also called Pascha ( Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Of Friuli
Peter or Petrus was the reputed son of Munichis and brother of one Ursus. Paul the Deacon records that Munichis died in the same battle as Ferdulf, Duke of Friuli, and that his son Peter and Ursus later became dukes of Friuli and Benevento respectively. The date of Peter's reign is unknown, but has been hypothesised as following that of Aistulf or Anselm in 756 or 751 and lasted until the Siege of Pavia. Sources *Paul the Deacon Paul the Deacon ( 720s 13 April in 796, 797, 798, or 799 AD), also known as ''Paulus Diaconus'', ''Warnefridus'', ''Barnefridus'', or ''Winfridus'', and sometimes suffixed ''Cassinensis'' (''i.e.'' "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, sc ...''Historia Langobardorum'' 8th-century births 8th-century deaths Dukes of Friuli 8th-century Lombard people 8th-century dukes in Europe {{Italy-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anselm, Duke Of Friuli
Anselm (died 805) was the Lombards, Lombard duke of Friuli (749–751) and the founding abbot of the Nonantola Abbey, monastery of Nonantula. Life He left the world at the height of his secular career, and in 750 built a monastery at Fanano, a place given to him by Aistulf, King of the Lombards, who had married Anselm's sister Gisaltruda. Two years later he built the Nonantola Abbey, monastery of Nonantula, a short distance northeast of Modena, which Aistulf endowed. Anselm went to Rome, where Pope Stephen III invested him with the Order of Saint Benedict, habit of Saint Benedict, gave him some relics of Pope Sylvester I, Saint Sylvester and appointed him Abbot of Nonantula. Anselm founded many hospices where the poor and the sick were sheltered and cared for by monks.Ott, Michael. "St. Anselm." The Catholic Encyclop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aistulf
Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; , ; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the ''Liber Pontificalis'', he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty. Biography Aistulf was born as the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and his wife Ratperga. After his brother Ratchis became king, Aistulf succeeded him as Duke of Friuli and later succeeded him as king, when Ratchis was forced to abdicate the throne. Ratchis entered a monastery thereafter. While Ratchis had been more tolerant with the Roman element of the Italian population, Aistulf followed a more aggressive policy of expansion and raids against the Papal States and the Eastern Roman exarchate of Ravenna. In 750, Aistulf captured Ravenna and all the provinces subject to the Exarchate, even declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of The Lombards
The kings of the Lombards or ''reges Langobardorum'' (singular ''rex Langobardorum'') were the monarchs of the Lombard people from the early 6th century until the Lombardic identity became lost in the 9th and 10th centuries. After 774, the kings were not Lombards, but Franks. From the 12th century, the votive crown and reliquary known as the Iron Crown (''Corona Ferrea'') retrospectively became a symbol of their rule, though it was never used by Lombard kings. The primary sources for the Lombard kings before the Frankish conquest are the anonymous 7th-century '' Origo Gentis Langobardorum'' and the 8th-century ''Historia Langobardorum'' of Paul the Deacon. The earliest kings (the pre-Lethings) listed in the ''Origo'' are almost certainly legendary. They purportedly reigned during the Migration Period. The first ruler attested independently of Lombard tradition is Tato. Early rulers Legendary rulers * Shava *Ybor and Agio, brothers, together with their mother Gambara, who led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratchis
RatchisAlso spelled ''Rachis'', ''Raditschs'', ''Radics'', ''Radiks''. (died after 757) was the Duke of Friuli (739–744) and then King of the Lombards (744–749). Ratchis was the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and the nephew of the Lombard king Liutprand, who, despite his history of strife with Pemmo, appointed Ratchis to succeed his father in 737. Ratchis was married to a Roman woman named Tassia. During his rule of Friuli, he launched an expedition against the Slavs in Carniola, across the Eastern Alps, fighting in person during the battles. He became king of the Lombards in 744, after the deposition of Hildeprand, most likely with the support of the more autonomous Lombard dukes. Ratchis ruled initially in peace, in particular with the neighboring Byzantine-ruled exarchate of Ravenna. However, perhaps pushed by more traditional parties among his followers, in 749 he invaded the Duchy of the Pentapolis and besieged Perugia. Pope Zachary convinced him to lift the siege, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
