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Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform And Consumer Protection Act
The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, commonly referred to as Dodd–Frank, is a United States federal law that was enacted on July 21, 2010. The law overhauled financial regulation in the aftermath of the Great Recession The Great Recession was a period of market decline in economies around the world that occurred from late 2007 to mid-2009.
, and it made changes affecting all federal financial regulatory agencies and almost every part of the nation's financial services industry. Responding to widespread calls for changes to the financial regulatory system, in June 2009, President Barack Obama introduced a proposal for a "sweeping overhaul of the United States financial regulatory system, a transformation on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression in the United States, Great De ...
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Too Big To Fail
"Too big to fail" (TBTF) is a theory in banking and finance that asserts that certain corporations, particularly financial institutions, are so large and so interconnected with an economy that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system, and therefore should be supported by government when they face potential failure. The colloquial term "too big to fail" was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing, discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's intervention with Continental Illinois. The term had previously been used occasionally in the press, and similar thinking had motivated earlier bank bailouts. The term emerged as prominent in public discourse following the 2008 financial crisis. Critics see the policy as counterproductive and that large banks or other institutions should be left to fail if their risk management is not effective. Some critics, such as economist Alan Greenspan, believe that such lar ...
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south, New Hampshire and Vermont to its north, and New York (state), New York to its west. Massachusetts is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, sixth-smallest state by land area. With a 2024 U.S. Census Bureau-estimated population of 7,136,171, its highest estimated count ever, Massachusetts is the most populous state in New England, the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 16th-most-populous in the United States, and the List of states and territories of the United States by population density, third-most densely populated U.S. state, after New Jersey and Rhode Island. Massachusetts was a site of early British colonization of the Americas, English colonization. The Plymouth Colony was founded in 16 ...
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Great Depression In The United States
In the United States, the Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and then spread worldwide. The nadir came in 1931–1933, and recovery came in 1940. The stock market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, famine, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth as well as for personal advancement. Altogether, there was a general loss of confidence in the economic future. The usual explanations include numerous factors, especially high consumer debt, ill-regulated markets that permitted overoptimistic loans by banks and investors, and the lack of high-growth new industries. These all interacted to create a downward economic spiral of reduced spending, falling confidence and lowered production. Industries that suffered the most included construction, shipping, mining, logging, and agriculture. Also hard hit was the manufacturing of durable goods like automobiles and appliances, w ...
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Vox (website)
''Vox'' () is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media. The website was founded in April 2014 by Ezra Klein, Matt Yglesias, and Melissa Bell (journalist), Melissa Bell, and is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism. Vox's media presence also includes a YouTube channel, several podcasts, and a show presented on Netflix. ''Vox'' has been described as left-leaning and Liberalism in the United States, liberal. History Prior to founding ''Vox'', Ezra Klein worked for ''The Washington Post'' as the head of Wonkblog, a public policy blog. When Klein attempted to launch a new site using funding from the newspaper's editors, his proposal was turned down and Klein subsequently left ''The Washington Post'' for a position with Vox Media, another communications company, in January 2014. ''The New York Times'' David Carr (journalist), David Carr associated Klein's exit for ''Vox'' with other "big-name journalists" leaving newspapers for digital start-ups, such as ...
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Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of market decline in economies around the world that occurred from late 2007 to mid-2009.“US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions”
United States NBER, or National Bureau of Economic Research, updated March 14, 2023. This government agency dates the Great Recession as starting in December 2007 and bottoming-out in June 2009.
The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At the time, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that it was the most severe economic and financial meltdown since the Great Depression. The causes of the Great Recession include a combination of vulnerabilities that developed in the financial system ...
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Financial Regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervision, bank supervisors. In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law. History In the early modern period, the Dutch were the pioneers in finan ...
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United States Federal Law
The law of the United States comprises many levels of Codification (law), codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the supreme law is the nation's Constitution of the United States, Constitution, which prescribes the foundation of the federal government of the United States, federal government of the United States, as well as various civil liberties. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of Act of Congress, Acts of Congress, treaty, treaties ratified by the United States Senate, Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the United States federal courts, federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and Codification (law), codification of general and permanent federal statutory law. The Constitution provides that it, as well as federal laws and treaties that are made pursuant to it, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territor ...
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SEC V
SEC or Sec may refer to: Companies *Solar Entertainment Corporation, a Filipino media company * Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., an electronics company Government * Securities and Exchange Commission (other) **U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission *State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia *State Examinations Commission, Ireland * State-owned Enterprises Commission, Taiwan Science *Saga execution coordinator, a component of the saga interaction pattern in computer science *, the Sec secretion system in bacteria * Secant function, in mathematics *Size-exclusion chromatography *Space Weather Prediction Center, formerly Space Environment Center *Selenocysteine, an amino acid *Secondary Electron Conduction Tube, part of the Apollo TV camera * SEC experiment (Scattering Experiment Chambers) at CERN Sports *Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate sports conferences * Southeast Conference in the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association *Spe ...
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Consumer Financial Protection Bureau V
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. Rights "Consumers, by definition, include us all", said President John F. Kennedy, offering his definition to the United States Congress on March 15, 1962. This speech became the basis for the creation of World Consumer Rights Day, now celebrated on March 15. In his speech, John Fitzgerald Kennedy outlined the integral responsibility to consumers from their respective governments to help exercise consumers' rights, including: *The right to safety: To be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or life. *The right to be informed: To be protected against fraudulent, deceitful, or grossly misleading information, adverti ...
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Seila Law LLC V
''Seila'' is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Cerithiopsidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Seila A. Adams, 1861. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137771 on 2021-07-04 Species According to the World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ... (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the genus ''Seila'': * '' Seila adamsii'' (H.C. Lea, 1845) * '' Seila africana'' Bartsch, 1915 * '' Seila albosutura'' (Tenison-Woods, 1876) * '' Seila alexanderensis'' Cecalupo & Perugia, 2018 * '' Seila alfredensis'' Bartsch, 1915 * '' Seila angolensis'' Rolán & Fernandes, 1990 * '' Seila assimilata ...
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Digital Realty Trust, Inc
Digital usually refers to something using discrete digits, often binary digits. Businesses *Digital bank, a form of financial institution *Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) or Digital, a computer company *Digital Research (DR or DRI), a software company Computing and technology Hardware *Digital electronics, electronic circuits which operate using digital signals **Digital camera, which captures and stores digital images *** Digital versus film photography **Digital computer, a computer that handles information represented by discrete values **Digital recording, information recorded using a digital signal Socioeconomic phenomena *Digital culture, the anthropological dimension of the digital social changes *Digital divide, a form of economic and social inequality in access to or use of information and communication technologies *Digital economy, an economy based on computing and telecommunications resources *Digital rights, legal rights of access to computers or the Internet Ot ...
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Lawson V
Lawson may refer to: Places Australia * Lawson, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra * Lawson, New South Wales, a town in the Blue Mountains Canada * Lawson, Saskatchewan * Lawson Island, Nunavut United States * Lawson, Arkansas * Lawson, Colorado * Lawson, Missouri * Lawson, Mesquite, Texas * Balmoral, Wisconsin, previously known as Lawson Music * Lawson (band), a British pop rock band ** ''Lawson'' (EP), a 2015 EP by the band * ''Lawson'' (album), a 2005 album by John Schumann and the Vagabond Crew Transport Aircraft * Lawson Airplane Company-Continental Faience and Tile Company, a historic demolished factory complex in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US ** Lawson L-2, a 1920s biplane airliner ** Lawson L-4, a 1920 biplane airliner designed for long-distance flights Ships * HMS ''Lawson'', an American-built British Royal Navy frigate 1943–1946 * ''Thomas W. Lawson'' (ship), a seven-masted, steel-hulled schooner built in 1902 and destroyed 1907 Other us ...
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