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Da’a Kaili Language
Kaili is an Austronesian dialect cluster of the Celebic branch, and is one of the principal languages of Central Sulawesi. The heartland of the Kaili area is the broad Palu River valley which stretches southward from Central Sulawesi's capital city, Palu. Kaili is also spoken in the mountains which rise on both sides of this valley, and along the coasts of the Makassar Strait and the Gulf of Tomini. Dialects Taking a fine-grade view, it is possible to distinguish sixteen regional varieties of Kaili. Following the practice of Kaili people themselves, each variety is named after its negator. For example, in the Tawaili region northeast of Palu, Kaili speakers use ''rai'' as their word for 'no,' while speakers in the Parigi region on the Gulf of Tomini use ''tara''. These two varieties can be referred to as 'Kaili Rai' and 'Kaili Tara,' irrespective of whether one intends for these varieties to be regarded as languages, dialects, or subdialects. These varieties can also be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palu
Palu, officially known as the City of Palu ( Indonesian: ''Kota Palu''), is the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. Palu is located on the northwestern coast of Sulawesi and borders Donggala Regency to the north and west, Parigi Moutong Regency to the east, and Sigi Regency to the south. The city boundaries encompass a land area of . According to the 2020 Indonesian census, Palu had a population of 373,218, making it the third-most populous city on the island after Makassar and Manado; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 387,493 - comprising 194,340 males and 193,150 females. Palu is the center of finance, government, and education in Central Sulawesi, as well as one of several major cities on the island. The city hosts the province's main port, its biggest airport, and most of its public universities. Palu is located in Palu Bay; it was initially a small agricultural town until it was selected to become the capital of the newly created pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moma Language
Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or iso ..., but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma. (3 vols). Phonology The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939). Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma has only open syllables. Grammar Moma has the following pronoun sets: References Further reading * * {{Authority control Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albertus Kruyt
Albert Christian Kruyt (; 10 October 1869 – 19 January 1949) was a Dutch Calvinist missionary, ethnographer and theologian who pioneered Christianity in Poso, Indonesia. Born in Mojowarno, East Java, in 1869, Kruyt grew up in a missionary family and went to the Netherlands for education in 1877. Returning to the Indies in 1890, he was stationed in Gorontalo. The ''Nederlandsch Zendelinggenootschap'' (NZG, Netherlands Missionary Society) sent him to establish a new mission in Poso in 1892. Despite early setbacks, the first baptism occurred in 1909, and the number of converts grew steadily. His mission expanded through the highlands to the Gulf of Bone by the 1920s. Elected a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1898, Kruyt resigned in 1932 but became a regular member in 1933. Kruyt left the Dutch East Indies in 1932 and died in The Hague in 1949. Kruyt is known for his ethno-sociological approach, believing that understanding local cult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Esser
Samuel is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is Veneration, venerated as a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In addition to his role in the Bible, Samuel is mentioned in Jewish rabbinic literature, rabbinical literature, in the Christian New Testament, and in the second chapter of the Quran (although the text does not mention him by name). He is also treated in the fifth through seventh books of ''Antiquities of the Jews'', written by the Jewish scholar Josephus in the first century. He is first called "the Seer" in Books of Samuel, 1 Samuel 9:9. Biblical account Family Samuel's mother was Hannah (biblical figure), Hannah and his father was Elkanah. Elkanah lived at Ramathaim-Zophim, Ramathaim in the district of Zuph. His genealogy is also found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaus Adriani
Nicolaus Adriani (15 September 1865, Oud-Loosdrecht – 5 August 1926, Poso, Central Sulawesi) was a Christian linguist from the Netherlands who did work in Indonesia. He studied linguistics of the East Indies at Leiden University, obtaining his PhD in 1893. He was sent by the Netherlands Bible Society. He worked as a linguist in Poso, Central Sulawesi.J. A. Sarira. 1975. Benih yang Tumbuh 6 - Gereja Toraja. Jakarta: LPS DGI dan BPS Gereja Toraja. In 1897 Adriani became a correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1918 he joined as a member. References Relevant literature *Adriani, N., 1894. ''Sangireesche spraakkunst''. 's Gravenhage: Martin Nijhoff. *Adriani, Nicolaus. 1912. ''De Baree-Sprekende Toradja's van Midden Celebes''. *Adriani, Nicolaus. 1919. ''Posso (Midden-Celebes).'' Boekhandel van den Zendingsstudie-raad. *Adriani, Nicolaus. 1928. ''Bare'e-Nederlandsch woordenboek: met Nederlandsch-Bare'e register''. EJ Brill. *Adriani, Nicolaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Tomini
The Gulf of Tomini (), also known as the Bay of Tomini, is the equatorial gulf which separates the Minahassa (Northern) and East Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. The Togian Islands lie near its center. To the east, the Gulf opens onto the Molucca Sea. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) (French: ''Organisation Hydrographique Internationale'') is an intergovernmental organization representing hydrography. the IHO comprised 102 member states. A principal aim of the IHO is to ... (IHO) defines the Gulf of Tomini as being one of the divisions of the East Indian Archipelago. It is defined as the waters west of the "Western limit of the Molukka Sea", which is elsewhere defined as the line running from "Tg. Pasir Pandjang ()... across to Tg. Tombalilatoe (123° 21′ E) on the opposite coast". References Citations Bibliography * . Tomini Bays of Indonesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makassar Strait
Makassar Strait () is a strait between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia. To the north it joins the Celebes Sea, while to the south it meets the Java Sea. To the northeast, it forms the Sangkulirang Bay south of the Mangkalihat Peninsula. The strait is an important regional shipping route in Southeast Asia. The Mahakam River and Karangan River of Borneo empty into the strait. Ports along the strait include Balikpapan and Bontang in Borneo, and Makassar, Palu, and Parepare in Sulawesi. The city of Samarinda is 48 km (30 mi) from the strait, along the Mahakam. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Makassar Strait as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows: The channel between the East coast of Borneo and the West coast of Celebes [Sulawesi], is bounded: ''On the North.'' By a line joining Mangkalihat Peninsula, Tanjong Mangkalihat, Borneo () and Stroomen Kaap (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palu River
The Palu River (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''Sungai Palu'') is a river in Central Sulawesi, Sulawesi island, Indonesia, about 1600 km northeast of the capital Jakarta. Hydrology The river flows through the city of Palu, with 41% of the basin area covered by the protected tropical montane forest of the Lore Lindu National Park. Geography The river flows in the west area of Sulawesi with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is July, at 22 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2092 mm. The wettest month is August, with an average of 252 mm rainfall, and the driest is February, with 114 mm rainfall. See also *List of drainage basins of Indonesia *List of rivers of Indonesia *List of rivers of Sulawesi References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulawesi
Sulawesi ( ), also known as Celebes ( ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the List of islands by area, world's 11th-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Within Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea, Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra are more populous. The landmass of Sulawesi includes four peninsulas: the northern Minahasa Peninsula, the East Peninsula, Sulawesi, East Peninsula, the South Peninsula, Sulawesi, South Peninsula, and the Southeast Peninsula, Sulawesi, Southeast Peninsula. Three gulfs separate these peninsulas: the Gulf of Tomini between the northern Minahasa and East peninsulas, the Tolo Gulf between the East and Southeast peninsulas, and the Bone Gulf between the South and Southeast peninsulas. The Strait of Makassar runs along the western side of the island and separates the island from Borneo. Etymology The n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi (Indonesian language, Indonesian: ''Sulawesi Tengah'') is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located at the centre of the island of Sulawesi. The administrative capital and largest city is located in Palu. The province borders the provinces of Gorontalo to the east, by Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi to the south, and shares maritime borders with East Kalimantan to the west, North Maluku to the east, and Malaysia and the Philippines to the north. The 2010 census recorded a population of 2,635,009 for the province, and the 2020 Census recorded 2,985,734, of whom 1,534,706 were male and 1,451,028 were female. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 3,086,750 (comprising 1,583,650 males and 1,503,100 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.72) According to BPS (Indonesia's Central Statistics Bureau), Central Sulawesi has an area of , but the sum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect Cluster
A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or isolated areas. The non-standard dialects of a language with a writing system will operate at different degrees of distance from the standardized written form. Standard and nonstandard dialects A ''standard dialect'', also known as a "standardized language", is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include any or all of the following: government recognition or designation; formal presentation in schooling as the "correct" form of a language; informal monitoring of everyday usage; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a normative spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature (be it prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.) that uses it. An example of a standardized language is the French lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
