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Dame Alice Owen's Foundation
The Worshipful Company of Brewers is one of the ancient livery companies of the City of London. History London brewers are known to have organised as a group in the 13th century. Its first royal charter was granted by Henry VI in 1438. In 1643, Parliament imposed excise taxes on beer, ale, and malt, steadily increasing them until gin became cheaper, causing the growth of unlicensed breweries and, in 1685, James II extended the Company's jurisdiction to eight miles around London and its suburbs. In 1739 it adopted new by-laws, which included the requirement for its liverymen to "enter into a bond ..with the Company against any expenses of their being elected to the office of Sheriff or Lord Mayor", but as the population of London spread outwards from the City, the Company's industry influence continued to decline. Trustees of the Dame Alice Owen Foundation, which supports Dame Alice Owen's School, the Brewers' Company ranks 14th in the order of precedence of City Livery Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brewing
Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and #Fermenting, fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with Yeast#Beer, yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or communally. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations, including ancient Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia, brewed beer. Since the nineteenth century the #brewing industry, brewing industry has been part of most western economies. The basic ingredients of beer are water and a Fermentation, fermentable starch source such as malted barley. Most beer is fermented with a brewer's yeast and flavoured with hops. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava. Secondary sources (adjuncts), such as maize (corn), rice, or sugar, may also be used, sometimes to reduce cost, or to add a feature, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Precedence
An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of importance applied to individuals, groups, or organizations. For individuals, it is most often used for diplomats in attendance at very formal occasions. It can also be used in the context of medals, decorations, and awards. A person's position in an order of precedence is not necessarily an indication of functional importance, but rather an indication of ceremonial or historical relevance; for instance, it may dictate where dignitaries are seated at formal dinners. The term is occasionally used to mean the order of succession—to determine who replaces the head of state in the event they are removed from office or incapacitated—as this order often correlates with importance. Universities and the professions often have their own rules of precedence applying locally, based (for example) on university or professional rank, each rank then being ordered within itself on the basis of seniority (i.e. date of attaining that r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1437 Establishments In England
Year 1437 ( MCDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 15– The Compacts of Basel are ratified by the Council of Basel in Switzerland, as the Roman Catholic Church ends its campaign against the Hussites. Among other things, the Church authorizes Hussite priests to administer sacramental wine to their congregations as part of the Communion during the Eucharist before Easter without declaring the same to be heresy, but stops short of allowing the Communion wafer. * January 17 – Battle of Hällaskogen, Sweden: Rebels from the cities of Arboga, Köping, and Örebro, led by Erik Puke, defeat the troops sent by King Karl VIII. Puke is captured a few weeks later, and beheaded on February 13. * January 21– The English Parliament, summoned in the name of King Henry VI on October 29, assembles at Westminster. The House of Commons elects the ailing John Tyrrell as its Speaker. * February 13&ndash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livery Companies
A livery company is a type of guild or professional association that originated in medieval times in London, England. Livery companies comprise London's ancient and modern trade associations and guilds, almost all of which are Style (form of address), styled the "Worshipful Company of" their craft, trade or profession. There are 113 livery companies as at March 2025. They play a significant part in the life of the City of London, not least by providing charitable-giving and networking opportunities. Liverymen retain voting rights for the senior Official, civic offices, such as the Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor, Sheriffs of London, Sheriffs and Court of Common Council, Common Council of the City of London Corporation, City Corporation, London's ancient Municipal corporation, municipal authority with extensive local government powers. The term ''livery'' originated in the designed form of dress worn by Affinity (medieval), retainers of a nobleman and then by extension to Unif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zunft
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials, but most were regulated by the local government. Guild members found guilty of cheating the public would be fined or banned from the guild. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as guild meeting-places. Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within the city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced Free market, fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masters Of The Worshipful Company Of Brewers
The Worshipful Company of Brewers is a livery company of the City of London, ranked 14th in the companies' order of precedence. Its origins can be traced back with certainty to 1292, although it probably existed in some form up to a century earlier as the Guild of Our Lady and St Thomas Becket. Its successor, the Mistery of Free Brewers, were granted the right by the Mayor and Aldermen of London to appoint Masters and Wardens in 1406. Henry VI of England, Henry VI granted the first of a series of Royal Charters to the company in 1437–38. Until the last century, the company admitted non-brewers so that they could be represented by a livery company. From the mid-16th century, masters were elected annually; all of those whose names are known are listed below. List of masters A continuous list of masters is available from the early 18th century. The list is mostly complete from 1563, although several gaps are present. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squares In London
Squares have long been a feature of London and come in numerous identifiable forms. The landscaping spectrum of squares stretches from those with more hardscape, constituting town squares (also known as city squares)—to those with communal gardens, for which London is a major international exponent, known as garden squares. London's largest privately-owned square is Vincent Square, in Westminster, which comprises 13 acres. A few in the capital of the United Kingdom, such as Trafalgar Square, began as ''public'' open spaces in the same way as other city squares worldwide, typically a ''plaza'', ''piazza'' and a ''platz'' in Spain, Italy and Germany. Most, however, began as garden squares i.e. private communal gardens for the inhabitants of surrounding houses. All types of the space are more prevalent in parts of London with high (urban) density. Some of these gardens are now open to the public, while others, for example around Notting Hill, are railed (a form of fencing) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Fire Of London
The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through central London from Sunday 2 September to Wednesday 5 September 1666, gutting the medieval City of London inside the old London Wall, Roman city wall, while also extending past the wall to the west. The death toll is generally thought to have been relatively small, although some historians have challenged this belief. The fire started in a bakery in Pudding Lane shortly after midnight on Sunday 2 September, and spread rapidly. The use of the major firefighting technique of the time, the creation of firebreaks by means of removing structures in the fire's path, was critically delayed due to the indecisiveness of the Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bloodworth. By the time large-scale demolitions were ordered on Sunday night, the wind had already fanned the bakery fire into a firestorm which defeated such measures. The fire pushed north on Monday into the heart of the City. Order in the streets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hall
In architecture, a hall is a relatively large space enclosed by a roof and walls. In the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages in northern Europe, a mead hall was where a lord and his retainers ate and also slept. Later in the Middle Ages, the great hall was the largest room in castles and large houses, and where the servants usually slept. As more complex house plans developed, the hall remained a large room for dancing and large feasts, often still with servants sleeping there. It was usually immediately inside the main door. In modern British houses, an entrance hall next to the front door remains an indispensable feature, even if it is essentially merely a corridor. Today, the (entrance) hall of a house is the space next to the front door or vestibule (architecture), vestibule leading to the rooms directly and/or indirectly. Where the hall inside the front door of a house is elongated, it may be called a passage, corridor (from Spanish ''corredor'' used in El Escorial and 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin language, Latin , 'mutter', by way of Italian language, Italian , 'word' or 'sentence') is a Sentence (linguistics), sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin language, Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world. Language Latin language, Latin has been very common for mottos in the Western World, but for nation states, their official national language is generally chosen. Examples of using other historical languages in motto language include: *Counties of England, County of Somerset in England: (All the men of Somerset), Old English language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livery Company
A livery company is a type of guild or professional association that originated in medieval times in London, England. Livery companies comprise London's ancient and modern trade associations and guilds, almost all of which are Style (form of address), styled the "Worshipful Company of" their craft, trade or profession. There are 113 livery companies as at March 2025. They play a significant part in the life of the City of London, not least by providing charitable-giving and networking opportunities. Liverymen retain voting rights for the senior Official, civic offices, such as the Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor, Sheriffs of London, Sheriffs and Court of Common Council, Common Council of the City of London Corporation, City Corporation, London's ancient Municipal corporation, municipal authority with extensive local government powers. The term ''livery'' originated in the designed form of dress worn by Affinity (medieval), retainers of a nobleman and then by extension to Unif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
