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Citrus Greening Disease
Citrus greening disease (; or HLB) is a disease of citrus caused by a vector-transmitted pathogen. The causative agents are motile bacteria, ''Liberibacter'' spp. The disease is vectored and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, ''Diaphorina citri'', and the African citrus psyllid, '' Trioza erytreae'', also known as the two-spotted citrus psyllid. It has also been shown to be graft-transmissible. Three different types of HLB are currently known: the heat-tolerant Asian form, and the heat-sensitive African and American forms. The disease was first described in 1929 and first reported in China in 1943. The African variation was first reported in 1947 in South Africa, where it is still widespread. Eventually, it affected the United States, reaching Florida in 2005. Within three years, it had spread to the majority of citrus farms. The rapid increase in this disease has threatened the citrus industry not only in Florida, but the entire US. As of 2009, 33 countries have reported HL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin Orange
The mandarin orange (''Citrus reticulata''), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree fruit. Treated as a distinct species of orange, it is usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Tangerines are a group of orange-coloured citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange with some pomelo contribution. Mandarins are smaller and oblate, unlike the spherical common oranges (which are a mandarin–pomelo hybrid). The taste is considered sweeter and stronger than the common orange. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is thin, loose, with little white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids usually have these traits to a lesser degree. The mandarin is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas. According to genetic studies, the mandarin was one of the original citrus species; through breeding or natural hybridization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gracilicutes
Gracilicutes (Latin: ''gracilis'', slender, and ''cutis'', skin, referring to the cell wall) is a clade in bacterial phylogeny. Traditionally gram staining results were most commonly used as a classification tool, consequently until the advent of molecular phylogeny, the Kingdom Monera (as the domains Bacteria and Archaea were known then) was divided into four phyla, * Gracilicutes (gram-negative, it is split in many groups, but some authors still use it in a narrower sense) * Firmacutes ic(gram-positive, subsequently corrected to Firmicutes, today it excludes the Actinomycetota) * Mollicutes (gram variable, later renamed Tenericutes and now Mycoplasmatota, e.g. ''Mycoplasma'') * Mendosicutes (uneven gram stain, "methanogenic bacteria" now known as methanogens and classed as Archaea) This classification system was abandoned in favour of the three-domain system based on molecular phylogeny started by C. Woese. Using hand-drawn schematics rather than standard molecular phylogenet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
