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Campylobacter
''Campylobacter'' is a type of bacteria that can cause a diarrheal disease in people. Its name means "curved bacteria", as the germ typically appears in a comma or "s" shape. According to its scientific classification, it is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that is motile. The germ is common in nature and in domestic animals. It is frequently found in raw food of vegetable and animal origin. Its numbers can be very high in some foods, like raw poultry. Due to their diverse natural reservoir, some ''Campylobacter'' can also be detected in the air, although not at an epidemiologically significant level. The disease that some of the species of the bacteria can cause is called campylobacteriosis. At least a dozen species of ''Campylobacter'' have been implicated in human disease, with ''C. jejuni'' (80–90%) and '' C. coli'' (5–10%) being the most common. '' C. jejuni'' is recognized as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacter Jejuni
''Campylobacter jejuni'' is a species of pathogenic bacteria that is commonly associated with poultry, and is also often found in animal feces. This species of microbe is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in Europe and in the US, with the vast majority of cases occurring as isolated events rather than mass outbreaks. Active surveillance through the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) indicates that about 20 cases are ''diagnosed'' each year for each 100,000 people in the US, while many more cases are undiagnosed or unreported; the CDC estimates a total of 1.5 million infections every year. The European Food Safety Authority reported 246,571 cases in 2018, and estimated approximately nine million cases of human campylobacteriosis per year in the European Union. In Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, data indicates that ''C. jejuni'' infections are Endemic (epidemiology), endemic. ''Campylobacter'' is a genus of bacteria that is among the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacteriosis
Campylobacteriosis is among the most common infections caused by a bacterium in humans, often as a foodborne illness. It is caused by the '' Campylobacter'' bacterium, most commonly '' C. jejuni''. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea or dysentery syndrome, and usually cramps, fever and pain. Symptoms and signs The prodromal symptoms are fever, headache, and myalgia, which can be severe, lasting as long as 24 hours. After 1–5 days, typically, these are followed by diarrhea (as many as 10 watery, frequently bloody, bowel movements per day) or dysentery, cramps, abdominal pain, and fever as high as 40 °C (104 °F). In most people, the illness lasts for 2–10 days. It is classified as invasive/inflammatory diarrhea, also described as bloody diarrhea or dysentery. There are other diseases showing similar symptoms. For instance, abdominal pain and tenderness may be very localized, mimicking acute appendicitis. Furthermore, ''Helicobacter pylori'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacter Fetus
''Campylobacter fetus'' is a rod-shaped, gram-negative species of bacteria within the genus ''Campylobacter'' of phylum Pseudomonadota. Identification of ''C. fetus'' species in infected animals or people is routinely performed by culture on blood or cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. Subspecies of ''C. fetus'' commonly causes reproductive disease in ruminants and gastrointestinal disease in humans. Transmission of ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'' occurs mainly through venereal contact while transmission of ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''fetus'' occurs mainly through ingestion of bacteria in a contaminated environment. Infertility in cattle and abortion in sheep are common outcomes of infection associated with ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'' and ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''fetus,'' respectively. Disease in humans occurs through zoonotic transmission of ''C. fetus'' mainly via ingestion of contaminated food or water sources. ''C. fetus'' can be diagnosed with polymerase chain rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacter Coli
''Campylobacter coli'' is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, endospore, non-endospore-forming, spiral bacteria, S-shaped bacterial species within genus ''Campylobacter''. In humans, ''C. coli'' can cause campylobacteriosis, a diarrhoeal disease which is the most frequently reported foodborne illness in the European Union. ''C. coli'' grows slowly with an optimum temperature of 42 °C. When exposed to air for long periods, they become spherical or coccoid shaped. History In the year 1886, Theodor Escherich established that spiral form bacteria were noted in the stool specimen and large intestinal mucus of neonates (an infant less than 4 weeks), and kittens. However, it was not until 1957, as widely spread as the bacteria were, ''Campylobacter'' was still not implicated in the human diarrhea. Further to this, in 1973, ''Campylobacter'' was proposed as a novel genus. Pathogenicity and transmission ''Campylobacter coli'' are thought to be mainly transmitted to humans via ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacter Lari
''Campylobacter lari'' (formerly ''Campylobacter laridis'') is a species of nalidixic acid-resistant, thermophilic, microaerophilic bacteria first isolated from human faeces. It shows anaerobic growth in the presence of trimethylamine N-oxide hydrochloride. Its type strain is NCTC 11352. It is commonly found in sea gulls. In humans, it has been involved in cases of enteritis, severe abdominal pain and terminal bacteremia. See also *Campylobacteriosis Campylobacteriosis is among the most common infections caused by a bacterium in humans, often as a foodborne illness. It is caused by the '' Campylobacter'' bacterium, most commonly '' C. jejuni''. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, ... References External linksType strain of ''Campylobacter laridis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Campylobacterota Bacteria described in 1984 {{Campylobacterota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the Human gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to influenza, in the U.S it is sometimes called the "stomach flu". Gastroenteritis is usually caused by viruses; however, gut bacteria, parasites, and fungus, fungi can also cause gastroenteritis. In children, rotavirus is the most common cause of severe disease. In adults, norovirus and ''Campylobacter'' are common causes. Eating improperly prepared food, drinking contaminated water or close contact with a person who is infected can #Transmission, spread the disease. Treatment is generally the same with or without a definitive diagnosis, so testing to confirm is usually not needed. For young children in impoverished countries, pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microaerophile
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O2; typically 2–10% O2) for optimal growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement. Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring an elevated concentration of (e.g. 10% CO2 in the case of '' Campylobacter'' ). The original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccus
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example '' Spirochetes''), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus '' Haloquadratum)''. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades. Types Coccus A coccus (plural ''cocci'', from the Latin ''coccinus'' (scarlet) and derived from the Greek ''kokkos'' (berry)), is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria and can contain multiple genera, such as st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John McFadyean
Sir John McFadyean FRSE LLD (1853 - 1941) was a Scottish veterinary surgeon and Professor of Veterinary Science. He was Principal of (and a Professor at) the Royal Veterinary College from 1894 to 1927. In 1906 he was the first person to isolate the Campylobacter species of bacteria, and due to this made major advances in public health. Life He was born in Barrachan in Wigtownshire on 17 June 1853, the son of Andrew McFadyean. He was educated at the Ewart Institute in Newton Stewart. For the first few years after leaving school he worked on his father's farm but in October 1874 he entered the Dick Veterinary College in Edinburgh from whence he graduated in April 1876. He was appointed Lecturer in Anatomy at the college in the following academic year. He lodged at the college at 8 Clyde Street (now the site of Edinburgh's main bus station). In the 1880s his interests became fixed on bacteriology and pathology and the subsequent sections of comparative anatomy were never co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rod-shaped Bacterium
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example '' Spirochetes''), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus '' Haloquadratum)''. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades. Types Coccus A coccus (plural ''cocci'', from the Latin ''coccinus'' (scarlet) and derived from the Greek ''kokkos'' (berry)), is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria and can contain multiple genera, such as st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
