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Zugot
The ''Zugot'' (; ), also called Zugoth or ''Zugos'' in the Ashkenazi pronunciation, refers both to the two hundred year period ( 170 BCE – 30 CE, ) during the later Second Temple period, in which the spiritual leadership of the Jews was in the hands of five successions of "pairs" of religious teachers, and to each of these pairs themselves. Etymology In Hebrew, the word ''zuḡoṯ'' indicates pairs; it is the plural of ''zuḡ'', one half of a pair. Like , it is a loanword from via and was commonly used to refer to a spouse (cf ). Roles The zugot were five pairs of scholars who ruled a supreme court of the Jews (Sanhedrin) as '' nasi'' ( or "prince", i.e. president) and Av Beit Din (, "chief of the beth din"), respectively. After this period, the positions ''nasi'' and ''av bet din'' remained, but they were not zugot. The title of ''av beit din'' existed before the period of the zugot. His purpose was to oversee the Sanhedrin. The rank of nasi was a new instit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joshua Ben Perachiah
Joshua ben Perahiah or Joshua ben Perachya () was nasi (Hebrew title), nasi of the Sanhedrin in the latter half of the 2nd century BCE. With Nittai of Arbela, second of five pairs of scholars He and his colleague Nittai of Arbela were the second of the five pairs (Zugot) of scholars who received and transmitted Jewish tradition. At the time of the persecution of the Pharisees by John Hyrcanus (c. 134-104 BC), Joshua was deposed — a disgrace to which his words in Menachot 109b allude. However, in Sanhedrin 107b and Sotah 47a, it was during the persecutions of Pharisees 88-76 BC by Alexander Jannaeus, not John Hyrcanus whose persecution he fled. He fled to Alexandria, but returned to Jerusalem when the persecutions ceased and the Pharisees again triumphed over the Sadducees. Teachings and advice The following ethical maxim found in the ''Ethics of the Fathers'' shows his gentle judgment of his fellow men and his eagerness to spread knowledge among the people: Only a single hala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |