|
Yuat Languages
The Yuat languages are an independent family of five Papuan languages spoken along the Yuat River in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are an independent family in the classification of Malcolm Ross, but are included in Stephen Wurm's Sepik–Ramu proposal. However, Foley and Ross could find no lexical or morphological evidence that they are related to the Sepik or Ramu languages. It is named after the Yuat River of northern Papua New Guinea. Yuat languages are spoken mostly in Yuat Rural LLG of East Sepik Province. Languages The Yuat languages proper are: * Changriwa * Mekmek * Kyenele (Miyak) * Biwat (Mundugumor) * Bun Classification Foley (2018) provides the following classification. ;Yuat family * Changriwa * Mekmek * Miyak; Bun, Mundukumo ( Biwat) Changriwa and Mekmek are attested only by short words, and are tentatively grouped as separate branches by Foley (2018: 226) due to scanty evidence. Pronouns The pronouns Ross (2005) reconstructs for proto- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuat River
The Yuat is the major tributary of the Sepik River in northern Papua New Guinea. The Yuat is on the right (southern) side and joins the Sepik about 20 linear km upstream from the Keram River, and just downstream from the Chambri Lakes. The eponymous Yuat languages, (Middle) Yuat and Upper Yuat languages, Upper Yuat languages are spoken along the banks of the Yuat River. Yuat Rural LLG in East Sepik Province derives its name from the river. Tributaries Yuat River has many tributaries, the two major source is Lai River 179 km and Jimi River 148 km long. List of Yuat River Tributaries by length *Lai River 179 km *Jimi River 148 km References Rivers of Papua New Guinea {{PapuaNewGuinea-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William A
William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will or Wil, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, Billie, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie). Female forms include Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic name is a compound of *''wiljô'' "will, wish, desire" and *''helmaz'' "helm, helmet".Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuat Languages
The Yuat languages are an independent family of five Papuan languages spoken along the Yuat River in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are an independent family in the classification of Malcolm Ross, but are included in Stephen Wurm's Sepik–Ramu proposal. However, Foley and Ross could find no lexical or morphological evidence that they are related to the Sepik or Ramu languages. It is named after the Yuat River of northern Papua New Guinea. Yuat languages are spoken mostly in Yuat Rural LLG of East Sepik Province. Languages The Yuat languages proper are: * Changriwa * Mekmek * Kyenele (Miyak) * Biwat (Mundugumor) * Bun Classification Foley (2018) provides the following classification. ;Yuat family * Changriwa * Mekmek * Miyak; Bun, Mundukumo ( Biwat) Changriwa and Mekmek are attested only by short words, and are tentatively grouped as separate branches by Foley (2018: 226) due to scanty evidence. Pronouns The pronouns Ross (2005) reconstructs for proto- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Yuat Languages
The Upper Yuat languages consist of two small language families, namely Arafundi and Piawi, spoken in the region of the upper Yuat River of New Guinea. The connection was first suggested by William A. Foley and confirmed by Timothy Usher, who further links them to the Madang languages. Upper Yuat languages display more typological similarities with Trans-New Guinea than the other neighboring language families of the Sepik-Ramu basin (namely the Lower Sepik-Ramu and Yuat families). The Madang languages are frequently included in Trans–New Guinea classifications, but the connection is not yet demonstrated. The Piawi languages are morphologically much simpler than the Arafundi languages. Linguistic varieties Foley (2018) lists the following linguistic varieties. ;Upper Yuat *Piawi languages: Harway ( Wiyaw / Waibuk), Pinai-Hagahai ( Pinaye, Aramo / Aramaue) *Arafundi languages The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages in East Sepik P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maramba Language
Angoram, also known as Pondo and by its speakers as Kanda, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Maramba, listed in ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...'', has been found by Foley (2018: 226) to in fact be a dialect of Angoram that is spoken in Maramba village. References External links * PARADISEC open-access archive oAngoram language recordings Lower Sepik languages Languages of East Sepik Province {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yawa Languages
The Yawa languages, also known as Yapen languages, are a small family of two closely related Papuan languages, Yawa (or Yava) and Saweru. Due to their strong similarity, they are sometimes considered to be divergent dialects of a single language – in which case, that language would be an isolate. They are spoken on central Yapen Island and nearby islets, in Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesian Papua, which they share with the Austronesian Yapen languages. Yawa proper had 6000 speakers in 1987. Saweru has been variously reported: 1/ to be partially intelligible with other dialects of Yawa and to be considered a dialect of Yawa by its speakers, or 2/ to be too divergent for intelligibility and to be perceived as a separate language. Saweru is moribund, being spoken by 150 people out of an ethnic group of 300. Classification Linguist C. L. Voorhoeve tentatively linked Yawa with the East Geelvink Bay languages in his Geelvink Bay proposal. However, the relationship would be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accusative
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: "me", "him", "her", "us", "whom", and "them". For example, the pronoun ''she'', as the subject of a clause, is in the nominative case ("She wrote a book"); but if the pronoun is instead the object of the verb, it is in the accusative case and ''she'' becomes ''her'' ("Fred greeted her"). For compound direct objects, it would be, e.g., "Fred invited her and me to the party". The accusative case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions. It is usually combined with the nominative case (for example in Latin). The English term, "accusative", derives from the Latin , which, in turn, is a translation of the Greek . The word can also mean "causative", and that might have derived from the Greeks, but the sense of the Roman translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramu Languages
The Ramu languages are a family of some thirty languages of Northern Papua New Guinea. They were identified as a family by John Z'graggen in 1971 and linked with the Sepik languages by Donald Laycock two years later. Malcolm Ross (2005) classifies them as one branch of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family. Z'graggen had included the Yuat languages, but that now seems doubtful. With no comprehensive grammar yet available for any of the Ramu languages, the Ramu group remains one of the most poorly documented language groups in the Sepik-Ramu basin. Classification The small families listed below in boldface are clearly valid units. The first five, sometimes classified together as ''Lower Ramu,'' are relatable through lexical data, so their relationship is widely accepted. Languages of the Ottilien family share plural morphology with Nor–Pondo. Late 20th century Laycock (1973) included the Arafundi family, apparently impressionistically, but Arafundi is poorly known. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grass Languages
The Grass languages are a group of languages in the Ramu language family. It is accepted by Foley (2018), but not by Glottolog. They are spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, with a small number of speakers also located just across the provincial border in Madang Province. External relationships Foley (2018) notes that Grass languages share very few lexical items with the other Ramu languages, with virtually no lexical cognates Banaro and Ap Ma. However, the Grass languages are still classified as Ramu due to widely shared morphosyntax and typology. Foley (2018: 205) leaves open the possibility of Grass being a third branch of the Lower Sepik-Ramu family, with Lower Sepik and Ramu being sister branches. Like the neighboring Yuat languages, Grass languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first person pronouns, a feature not found in most other Papuan languages. This typological feature has diffused from Yuat into the Grass languages. Classifications T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mundukumo Language
Mundugumor (Munduguma, Mundukomo) Biwat is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Biwat village () of Yuat Rural LLG, East Sepik Province East Sepik is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Wewak. East Sepik has an estimated population of 450,530 people (2011 census) and is 43,426 km square in size. Its density is 10.4 people per square kilometer. History Cherubim D .... Phonology Mundukumo consonants are: : Mundukumo vowels are: : Nouns Some examples showing Mundukomo nouns and their irregular plural forms: : Similar patterns of complex nominal plural allomorphy are also found in the Lower Sepik-Ramu languages. External links * Paradisec has a collection of recordings oBiwat language They also have a collection of recordings from Papua New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific from Don Laycock thaincludes Biwat materials Further reading *McDowell, Nancy. 1991. ''The Mundugumor: From the Fieldnotes of Margaret Mead and Reo Fortune''. Was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miyak Language
Kyenele Miyak is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea. Versions of its name include ''Keñele, Keyele, Kenying, Bulang, Kenen Birang, Kyenying-Barang''. It is spoken in Giling (Girin) (), a village located on the banks of the Yuat River in Yuat Rural LLG, East Sepik Province East Sepik is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Wewak. East Sepik has an estimated population of 450,530 people (2011 census) and is 43,426 km square in size. Its density is 10.4 people per square kilometer. History Cherubim D .... References Yuat languages Languages of East Sepik Province {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
