Tirio Languages

	Tirio Languages The Tirio languages are a language family, family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common. Languages Baramu language, Baramu Bitur language, Bitur (Mutum) Tirio Papuan language, Tirio (Makayam, Aturu) Were language, Were (Kiunum) Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as: Tirio Papuan language, Tirio (Makayam) Bitur language, Bitur (Paswam, Mutum) Lewada-Dewara, spoken on Dewala village on Sumogi Island Adulu (Aturu), also spoken on Sumogi Island Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam). The moribund language Abom language, Abom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of its lexicon with the others, but it turns out to not belong to the family at all, nor to the Ani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf, and were united during episodes of low sea level in the Pleistocene glaciations as the combined landmass of Sahul. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The island's name was given by Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez during his maritime expedition of 1545 due to the perceived resemblance of the indigenous peoples of the island to those in the Guinea (region), African region of Guinea. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Trans–New Guinea Languages Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive Language family, family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as Western New Guinea, parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the List of language families#By number of languages, third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been several main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind languages, Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Anim Languages The Anim or Fly River languages are a language family in south-central New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ... established by Usher & Suter (2015).Timothy Usher and Edgar Suter (2015) "The Anim Languages of Southern New Guinea". ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 54:110–142 The names of the family derive from the Fly River and from the Proto-Anim word anim 'people'. Languages The 17 Anim languages belong to the following four subfamilies: Inland Gulf * Tirio (Lower Fly River) * Boazi (Lake Murray) * Marind (Marind–Yaqai) The moribund Abom language, previously considered a member of the Tirio family, is of uncertain classification, possibly Trans–New Guinea, but does not appear to be Anim. The extinct Karami language, attested only in a short word list and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Language Family A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term ''family'' is a metaphor borrowed from biology, with the tree model used in historical linguistics analogous to a family tree, or to phylogenetic trees of taxa used in evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists thus describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. The divergence of a proto-language into daughter languages typically occurs through geographical separation, with different regional dialects of the proto-language undergoing different language changes and thus becoming distinct languages over time. One well-known example of a language family is the Romance languages, including Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, and many others, all of which are descended from Vulgar Latin.Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.)''Ethnologue: Languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Malcolm Ross (linguist) Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like spli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Baramu Language Baramu is a Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements ar .... Baramu is spoken in Baramura (), Tapila (), Tirio, and Tirio 2 villages of Gogodala Rural LLG. References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Bitur Language Bitur (Bituri, Paswam, Mutum) is Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements ar .... Bitur is spoken in Bisuaka (), Kasimap (), Petom (), Tewara (), and Upiara () villages of Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG. References Further reading * External links * ELAR collectionDocumentation and description of Bitur and preliminary investigation of the moribund Abom languagedeposited by Phillip Rogers Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{TNG-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tirio Papuan Language Tirio ( Makayam akaeyamand Aturu dulu, Atura is Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Giribam 'dialect' may be a distinct language. Makayam is spoken in Aduru (), Lewada (), Suame (), and Sumogi Island villages of Gogodala Rural LLG Gogodala Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Gogodala-Suki languages, Dibiyaso, and Turumsa are mostly spoken within this LLG. Wards 01. Ali 02. Makapa ( Turumsa language and Dibiyaso lan .... The Giribam dialect is spoken in Janor village () of Oriomo-Bituri Rural LLG. Pronouns Pronouns are: : ''No-, o-, zo-, i-'' may reflect proto-Trans–New Guinea na, ga, ja, i. References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Were Language Were (''Weredai''), or Kiunum, is a Papuan language The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a ... spoken in Dewara village (), Gogodala Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. References Languages of Western Province (Papua New Guinea) Tirio languages {{TNG-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Abom Language Abom is a nearly extinct language spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. According to a 2002 census, only 15 people still speak this language. All of the speakers are older adults. Middle-aged adults have some understanding of it, but no children speak or understand Abom. Abom is spoken in Lewada (), Mutam (), and Tewara () villages of Gogodala Rural LLG. Classification Abom is not close to other languages. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) classify Abom as a divergent Tirio language on the basis of morphological evidence; Abom shares the same gender ablaut pattern as other Tirio languages. Evans (2018), however, lists Abom as a separate branch of Trans-New Guinea. Suter & Usher find that it is not an Anim language (the Trans–New Guinea family that includes the Tirio languages), but does appear to be divergent Trans–New Guinea. Part of the problem lies in the fact that many recorded Abom words are loans from the Inland Gulf languages The Inland Gulf languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tirio Languages The Tirio languages are a language family, family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common. Languages Baramu language, Baramu Bitur language, Bitur (Mutum) Tirio Papuan language, Tirio (Makayam, Aturu) Were language, Were (Kiunum) Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as: Tirio Papuan language, Tirio (Makayam) Bitur language, Bitur (Paswam, Mutum) Lewada-Dewara, spoken on Dewala village on Sumogi Island Adulu (Aturu), also spoken on Sumogi Island Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam). The moribund language Abom language, Abom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of its lexicon with the others, but it turns out to not belong to the family at all, nor to the Ani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]