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Testudinata
Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles), though excluding ''Odontochelys'' and ''Eorhynchochelys,'' which are placed in the more inclusive Pantestudines''.'' History It was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760. In 1832-1836, Thomas Bell (zoologist), Thomas Bell wrote a book describing the Testudinata, which summarizes all the world's turtles, living and extinct, illustrated by forty plates by Jane S. Bell, James de Carle Sowerby and Edward Lear. It was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. While the ancestral condition for the clade is thought to be terrestrial, members of the subclade Mesochelydia, which contains almost all known testudinatans from the Jurassic onwards, are thought to be ancestrally aquatic. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantestudines
Pantestudines or Pan-Testudines is the proposed group of all Reptile, reptiles more closely related to turtles than to any other living animal. It includes both modern turtles (crown group turtles, also known as Testudines) and all of their extinct relatives (also known as Stem-group, stem-turtles). Pantestudines with a complete shell are placed in the clade Testudinata. Classification The identity of the ancestors and closest relatives of the turtle lineage was a longstanding scientific mystery, though new discoveries and better analyses in the early 21st century began to clarify turtle relationships. They had frequently been considered relatives of the Captorhinidae, captorhinids, which also possessed an anapsid skull configuration. Later, the consensus shifted towards Testudinata's placement within Parareptilia, another "anapsid" clade. Analysis of fossil data has shown that turtles are likely diapsid reptiles, most closely related either to the archosaurs (crocodiles, bird, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinlechelys
''Chinlechelys'' ( meaning ''Chinle turtle'') is an extinct genus of stem-turtle belonging to Testudinata. It lived in the Norian age of the Late Triassic and is the oldest turtle known from North America. Among turtles it is unique, mostly because of its very thin shell. The type and only species, ''C. tenertesta'', was named and described with the genus by Walter G. Joyce ''et al.'' in 2009. It was probably terrestrial, and was found by Joyce ''et al.'' to be closely related to ''Proganochelys'', another terrestrial testudinatan. Discovery and naming ''Chinlechelys'' is known from only one assigned specimen, the holotype NMMNH P-16697 ( New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science) recovered from the Norian Bull Canyon Formation (New Mexico, United States). The skeleton consists of the middle of the carapace, the left hypoplastron, rear ribs, a neck spine, isolated osteoderms, and portions of the bridge. The materials were collected separately over several years, but ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proganochelys
''Proganochelys'' is a genus of extinct, primitive stem-turtle. ''Proganochelys'' was named by Georg Baur in 1887 as the oldest turtle in existence at the time. The name ''Proganochelys'' comes from the Greek language, Greek word ''ganos'' meaning 'brightness', combined with prefix ''pro'', 'before', and Greek language, Greek base ''chelys'' meaning 'turtle'. ''Proganochelys'' is believed to have been around 1 meter in size and herbivorous in nature. ''Proganochelys'' had been known as the most primitive stem-turtle for over a century, until the novel discovery of ''Odontochelys'' in 2008. ''Odontochelys'' and ''Proganochelys'' share unique primitive features that are not found in ''Casichelydia'', such as tooth-like structures on the pterygoid bone, pterygoid and vomer and a plate-like coracoid. ''Proganochelys quenstedtii'' is the only known species of this genus and is among the oldest known Pantestudines, stem-turtle species with a complete shell discovered to date, known fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesochelydia
Mesochelydia (from Greek ''mesos'' "middle" and ''chelys'' "turtle") is a clade within Pantestudines, more inclusive than Perichelydia, but less than Testudinata. The clade is known from the Early Jurassic to the Present, and contains all Jurassic representatives of Testudinata aside from '' Australochelys.'' The ancestral condition for Mesochelydia is thought to be aquatic, as opposed to terrestrial for Testudinata. They are distinguished from more basal testudinatans by the presence of the following characters: strap like pectoral girdle, supramarginals absent, reduced posterior entoplastral process, eleven pairs of peripherals, elongate processus interfenestralis, paired basioccipital tubercles, fully formed cavum tympani and antrum postoticum, single vomer, confluent external nares, lacrimals and supratemporals absent. Taxonomy * '' Condorchelys'' Sterli, 2008 Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Toarcian, Argentina * '' Eileanchelys'' Anquetin et al. 2009 Kilmaluag Formation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proganochelys Quenstedti
''Proganochelys'' is a genus of extinct, primitive stem-turtle. ''Proganochelys'' was named by Georg Baur in 1887 as the oldest turtle in existence at the time. The name ''Proganochelys'' comes from the Greek word ''ganos'' meaning 'brightness', combined with prefix ''pro'', 'before', and Greek base ''chelys'' meaning 'turtle'. ''Proganochelys'' is believed to have been around 1 meter in size and herbivorous in nature. ''Proganochelys'' had been known as the most primitive stem-turtle for over a century, until the novel discovery of ''Odontochelys'' in 2008. ''Odontochelys'' and ''Proganochelys'' share unique primitive features that are not found in ''Casichelydia'', such as tooth-like structures on the pterygoid and vomer and a plate-like coracoid. ''Proganochelys quenstedtii'' is the only known species of this genus and is among the oldest known stem-turtle species with a complete shell discovered to date, known from fossils found in Germany and Switzerland in strata from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Bell (zoologist)
Thomas Hornsey Bell FRS FLS (11 October 1792 – 13 March 1880) was an English zoologist Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one ..., Dental surgery, dental surgeon and writer, born in Poole, Dorset, England. Career Bell, like his mother Susan, took a keen interest in natural history which his mother also encouraged in his younger cousin Philip Henry Gosse. Bell left Poole in 1813 for his training as a dental surgeon in London. He is listed in 1817 as having an address at number 17 Fenchurch Street, and as being a committee member of the newly formed London Peace Society. By 1819 his address is given as 18 Bucklersbury, also in the city of London. He combined two careers, becoming Professor of Zoology at King's College London in 1836 (on the strength of amateur research) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterochersis
''Proterochersis'' is an extinct genus of turtle from the Late Triassic period (Norian stage) of Europe. It is known from a large number of fossils uncovered in Germany and Poland.Fraas E (1913)"''Proterochersis'', eine pleurodire Schildkröte aus dem Keuper" ''Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg'' 69: p. 13–30Szczygielski T & Sulej T (2016). "Revision of the Triassic European turtles ''Proterochersis'' and ''Murrhardtia'' (Reptilia, Testudinata, Proterochersidae), with the description of new taxa from Poland and Germany". ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 177(2): pp. 395–427. Szczygielski1 T, Słowiak J & Dróżdż1 D (2018). "Shell variability in the stem turtles ''Proterochersis'' spp". ''PeerJ'' 6: The genus was named from fossil remains from Germany in 1913 by Fraas, who recognized two species: ''P. robusta'' (type species) and ''P. intermedia''. Since then, Szczygielski and Sulej have found that the differences described by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterochersidae
Proterochersidae is an extinct family of stem-turtles belonging to the clade Testudinata. List of genera There are four genera: * ''Chinlechelys'' Joyce ''et al.'', 2009 ** '' Chinlechelys tenertesta'' Joyce ''et al.'', 2009 * '' Keuperotesta'' Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 (junior synonym of ''Proterochersis''?) ** '' Keuperotesta limendorsa'' Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 * ''Proterochersis ''Proterochersis'' is an extinct genus of turtle from the Late Triassic period (Norian stage) of Europe. It is known from a large number of fossils uncovered in Germany and Poland.Fraas E (1913)"''Proterochersis'', eine pleurodire Schildkröte au ...'' Fraas, 1913 ** ''Proterochersis intermedia'' Fraas, 1913 (synonym of ''P. robusta''?) ** '' Proterochersis porebensis'' Szczygielski & Sulej, 2016 ** '' Proterochersis robusta'' Fraas, 1913 * '' Thaichelys'' Szczygielski ''et al.'', 2025 ** '' Thaichelys ruchae'' (Broin, 1984) References Testudinata Taxa named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waluchelys
''Waluchelys'' is an extinct genus of australochelyid that lived during the Late Triassic epoch In chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era. The "epoch" serves as a reference point from which time is measured. The moment of epoch is usually decided b .... It is known from a single species, ''Waluchelys cavitesta''. References Prehistoric turtle genera Late Triassic reptiles of South America Fossils of Argentina Monotypic reptile genera Triassic Argentina Fossil taxa described in 2020 Testudinata {{Paleo-turtle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayentachelys
''Kayentachelys'' ("Kayenta turtle") is an extinct genus of turtle known only from the "silty facies" of the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation in northeastern Arizona on the lands of the Navajo Nation. History of discovery and significance The earliest mention of turtles from the Kayenta Formation in the literature is within the description of the ornithischian dinosaur '' Scutellosaurus'' by Colbert (1981). These first specimens were collected during the 1970s and early 1980s by field parties from the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard University. Specimens from these field excursions were used to establish the taxon ''Kayentachelys'' in 1987, and it is an MNA specimen (MNA V1558) which was designated as the holotype of the taxon. During the early 1980s, addition turtle specimens from the Kayenta Formation were collected by field parties from the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), which were reported by Cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eorhynchochelys
''Eorhynchochelys'' (meaning "dawn-beaked turtle" in Greek) is an extinct genus of stem-turtle from the Late Triassic Xiaowa Formation (or Wayao Member of the Falang Formation) of southwestern China. Description ''Eorhynchochelys'' is notable for its unusual combination of a turtle-style skull and a conventional reptilian body. The skull, for example, has an edentulous beak typical of all members of Testudinata. However, the thorax region is markedly different from '' Pappochelys'' and '' Odontochelys'' and more similar to ''Eunotosaurus ''Eunotosaurus'' (''Latin (language), Latin'': Stout-backed lizard) is an extinct genus of amniote, possibly a close relative of turtles. ''Eunotosaurus'' lived in the late Middle Permian (Capitanian stage) and fossils can be found in the Karoo ...'' in lacking a shell, even though the ribs were wide and flat. The skull also has a single pair of holes behind the skull, unlike the presence of two pairs of holes in ''Pappochelys''. Unlike othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
