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Temporal Databases
A temporal database stores data relating to time instances. It offers temporal data types and stores information relating to past, present and future time. Temporal databases can be uni-temporal, bi-temporal or tri-temporal. More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid time, transaction time and/or decision time. * Valid time is the time period during or event time at which a fact is true in the real world. * Transaction time is the time at which a fact was recorded in the database. * Decision time is the time at which the decision was made about the fact. Used to keep a history of decisions about valid times. Types Uni-temporal A uni-temporal database has one axis of time, either the validity range or the system time range. Bi-temporal A bi-temporal database has two axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time or decision time Tri-temporal A tri-temporal database has three axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time * Decision time This approach introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valid Time
In temporal databases, valid-time is the time period when an event happened or something was true in the real world, or more formally when a Fact (data warehouse), fact was valid in the data modeling, modeled reality. The valid-time period is an interval based on event times, which are referred to as event Timestamp, datetime in data vault modeling, data vault. Other names are application-time period or real-world timeline. SQL:2011 supports valid time through so-called application time-period tables. In a database table, valid-time is often represented by two extra table-columns, such as start_validtime and end_validtime. The time interval is Closed set, closed at its lower bound (denoted by [) and Open set, open at its upper bound (denoted by )). In integration layers (for example a data warehouse), the valid time is controlled by the System of record, source system which delivers data to the data warehouse. For many reasons, the valid timeline is different from the transaction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was the 38th president of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, Ford assumed the presidency after the resignation of President Richard Nixon, under whom he had served as the 40th vice president of the United States, vice president from 1973 to 1974 following Spiro Agnew's resignation. Prior to that, he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949 to 1973. Ford was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He attended the University of Michigan, where he played for Michigan Wolverines football, the university football team, before eventually attending Yale Law School. Afterward, he served in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1946. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, serving in this capacity for nearly 25 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until Resignation of Richard Nixon, his resignation in 1974. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States, vice president under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1961, and also as a United States House of Representatives, representative and United States Senate, senator from California. Presidency of Richard Nixon, His presidency saw the reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, ''détente'' with the Soviet Union and China, the Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the establishment of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal. Nixon was born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiro Agnew
Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th vice president of the United States, serving from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second of two vice presidents to resign, the first being John C. Calhoun in 1832. Agnew was born in Baltimore to a Greeks, Greek immigrant father and an American mother. He attended Johns Hopkins University and graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law. He was a campaign aide for U.S. Representative James Devereux in the 1950s, and was appointed to the Baltimore County Board of Zoning Appeals in 1957. In 1962, he was elected Baltimore county executive. In 1966, Agnew was 1966 Maryland gubernatorial election, elected governor of Maryland, defeating his Democratic Party (United States), Democratic opponent George P. Mahoney and independent candidate Hyman A. Pressman. At the 1968 Republican National Convention, Richard Nixon asked Agnew to place his name in nomination, and named him as run ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 United States Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew defeated Democratic Senator George McGovern and former Ambassador Sargent Shriver in a landslide victory. With 60.7% of the popular vote, Richard Nixon won the largest share of the popular vote for the Republican Party in any presidential election. Nixon swept aside challenges from two Republican representatives in the Republican primaries to win renomination. McGovern, who had played a significant role in changing the Democratic nomination system after the 1968 U.S. presidential election, mobilized the anti-Vietnam War movement and other liberal supporters to win the Democratic nomination. Among the candidates he defeated were early front-runner Edmund Muskie, 1968 nominee Hubert Humphrey, governor George Wallace, and representative Shirley Chisholm. Nixon emphasized the strong economy and his success in forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 United States Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 5, 1968. The Republican ticket of former vice president Richard Nixon and Maryland governor Spiro Agnew, defeated both the Democratic ticket of incumbent vice president Hubert Humphrey and senator Edmund Muskie, and the American Independent Party ticket of former Alabama governor George Wallace and general Curtis LeMay. It is often considered a major realigning election, as it permanently disrupted the Democratic New Deal Coalition that had dominated presidential politics since 1932. Incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson had been the early frontrunner for the Democratic Party's nomination but withdrew from the race after only narrowly winning the New Hampshire primary. Humphrey, Eugene McCarthy, and Robert F. Kennedy emerged as the three major candidates in the Democratic primaries until Kennedy was assassinated in June 1968, part of a streak of high-profile assassinations in the 1960s. Humphrey edge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 United States Presidential Election
United States presidential election, Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 3, 1964, less than a year following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, who won the previous presidential election. The Democratic Party (United States), Democratic ticket of incumbent President of the United States, President Lyndon B. Johnson and Senator Hubert Humphrey defeated the Republican Party (United States), Republican ticket of Senator Barry Goldwater and Congressman William E. Miller in a landslide victory. Johnson won 61.1% of the popular vote which, to date, remains the List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin, highest popular vote percentage of any candidate since the advent of widespread popular elections in 1824. Johnson took office on November 22, 1963, following Kennedy's assassination, and generally continued his policies, except with greater emphasis on civil rights. He easily defeated a Democratic Party presidential primaries, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Electoral College
In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years for the sole purpose of voting for the President of the United States, president and Vice President of the United States, vice president in the United States presidential election, presidential election. This process is described in Article Two of the United States Constitution, Article Two of the Constitution. The number of electors from each U.S. state, state is equal to that state's United States congressional apportionment, congressional delegation which is the number of List of current United States senators, senators (two) plus the number of US Representatives, Representatives for that state. Each state Article II of the United States Constitution#Clause 2: Method of choosing electors, appoints electors using legal procedures determined by its State legislature (United States), legislature. Federal government of the United States, Federal office holders, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Presidential Election
The election of the president of the United States, president and Vice President of the United States, vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are Voter registration in the United States, registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the United States Electoral College, Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for president and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of 538, since the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, Twenty-third Amendment granted voting rights to citizens of D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president, the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives elects the president; likewise if ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decision Time
In temporal databases, decision time is the time when a decision was made about a fact stored in a database. It is used to keep a history of decisions about valid times. In a database table, the start and end time of the decision time interval can be represented by adding two table columns. This interval is closed Infinity">infinite (∞). Valid time and decision time are ways of modeling data, and is not applicable for all types of data, and transaction time is hence the most used temporal functionality. The concept of decision time can for example be used in Bitemporal modeling, bitemporal databases (together with valid time instead of transaction time), or in tritemporal databases. History The term ''decision time'' was coined by Mario Nascimento and Margaret Eich (1995). Although the ISO SQL standard has included support for "application-time period tables" (valid time tables) and "system-versioned tables" (transaction tables) since SQL:2011, it does however not incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
