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Spell Checkers
In software, a spell checker (or spelling checker or spell check) is a software feature that checks for misspellings in a text. Spell-checking features are often embedded in software or services, such as a word processor, email client, electronic dictionary, or search engine. Design A basic spell checker carries out the following processes: * It scans the text and extracts the words contained in it. * It then compares each word with a known list of correctly spelled words (i.e. a dictionary). This might contain just a list of words, or it might also contain additional information, such as hyphenation points or lexical and grammatical attributes. * An additional step is a language-dependent algorithm for handling morphology. Even for a lightly inflected language like English, the spell checker will need to consider different forms of the same word, such as plurals, verbal forms, contractions, and possessives. For many other languages, such as those featuring agglutination and mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the Execution (computing), execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware. The introduction of high-level programming languages in 1958 allowed for more human-readable instructions, making software development easier and more portable across different computer architectures. Software in a programming language is run through a compiler or Interpreter (computing), interpreter to execution (computing), execute on the architecture's hardware. Over time, software has become complex, owing to developments in Computer network, networking, operating systems, and databases. Software can generally be categorized into two main types: # operating systems, which manage hardware resources and provide services for applicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-gram
An ''n''-gram is a sequence of ''n'' adjacent symbols in particular order. The symbols may be ''n'' adjacent letter (alphabet), letters (including punctuation marks and blanks), syllables, or rarely whole words found in a language dataset; or adjacent phonemes extracted from a speech-recording dataset, or adjacent base pairs extracted from a genome. They are collected from a text corpus or speech corpus. If Latin numerical prefixes are used, then ''n''-gram of size 1 is called a "unigram", size 2 a "bigram" (or, less commonly, a "digram") etc. If, instead of the Latin ones, the Cardinal number (linguistics), English cardinal numbers are furtherly used, then they are called "four-gram", "five-gram", etc. Similarly, using Greek numerical prefixes such as "monomer", "dimer", "trimer", "tetramer", "pentamer", etc., or English cardinal numbers, "one-mer", "two-mer", "three-mer", etc. are used in computational biology, for polymers or oligomers of a known size, called k-mer, ''k'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enchant (software)
Enchant is a free software project developed as part of the AbiWord word processor with the aim of unifying access to the various existing spell-checker software. Enchant wraps a common set of functionality present in a variety of existing products/libraries, and exposes a stable API/ABI for doing so. Where a library doesn't implement some specific functionality, Enchant will emulate it. Enchant is capable of having multiple backends loaded at once. As of January 2021 it has support for 7 backends: * Hunspell (spell checker used by LibreOffice, Firefox and Google Chrome) Nuspell(modern spell checker compatible with Hunspell dictionaries) * Aspell (intends to replace Ispell) Hspell(Hebrew) Voikko(Finnish) Zemberek(Turkish) * AppleSpell (macOS) GNOME LaTeX and gedit rely on the gspell library, which uses Enchant. Enchant is currently licensed under GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), with an additional permission notice saying that any plugin backend can be loaded and used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenOffice
OpenOffice or open office may refer to: Computing Software * OpenOffice.org (OOo), a discontinued open-source office software suite, originally based on StarOffice * Apache OpenOffice (AOO), a derivative of OOo by the Apache Software Foundation, with contribution from IBM Lotus Symphony Programming * OpenOffice Basic (formerly known as StarOffice Basic or StarBasic or OOoBasic), a dialect of the programming language BASIC File formats * OpenDocument format (ODF), also known as ''Open Document Format for Office Applications'', a widely supported standard XML-based file format originating from OOo * OpenOffice.org XML, a file format used by early versions of OpenOffice.org * Office Open XML Office Open XML (also informally known as OOXML) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. Ecma International standardized the initial version ... (OOXML), a competing file format from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MySpell
MySpell is a free spell checker, written to explore how affix compression could be implemented. It used to be included with the OpenOffice.org office suite and Mozilla client software, and was replaced with the more powerful Hunspell library between 2006 and 2008. MySpell license is based on the 2-clause BSD license, but has an additional clause requiring to explicitly mark any modified versions. Background MySpell was started by Kevin Hendricks in an attempt to integrate various open-source spelling checkers into the OpenOffice.org build. With a little prodding from Kevin Atkinson, the author of Pspell and Aspell, a new spelling checker (MySpell) was written in C++ that supported affix compression, based on Ispell. Locale (language) files Every locale (language for a specific territory) can have files for spelling, hyphenation and a thesaurus. These files will be all found together in one folder. The spell checking is done using the .aff file for the locale together with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agglutinative Language
An agglutinative language is a type of language that primarily forms words by stringing together morphemes (word parts)—each typically representing a single grammatical meaning—without significant modification to their forms ( agglutinations). In such languages, affixes ( prefixes, suffixes, infixes, or circumfixes) are added to a root word in a linear and systematic way, creating complex words that encode detailed grammatical information. This structure allows for a high degree of transparency, as the boundaries between morphemes are usually clear and their meanings consistent. Agglutinative languages are a subset of synthetic languages. Within this category, they are distinguished from fusional languages, where morphemes often blend or change form to express multiple grammatical functions, and from polysynthetic languages, which can combine numerous morphemes into single words with complex meanings. Examples of agglutinative languages include Turkish, Finnish, Japane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunspell
Hunspell is a spell checker and morphological analyser designed for languages with rich morphology and complex word compounding and character encoding, originally designed for the Hungarian language. Hunspell is based on MySpell and is backward-compatible with MySpell dictionaries. While MySpell uses a single-byte character encoding, Hunspell can use Unicode UTF-8-encoded dictionaries. Uses Software with Hunspell support: License Hunspell is free software, distributed under the terms of a GPL, LGPL and MPL tri-license. About the author Hunspell was developed by the Hungarian biologist and free software developer László Németh. His recent job as a lead programmer is related to also free software, especially to LibreOffice. He contributes for OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice, as a code contributor since 2002 (spell checking, hyphenation etc.). He also contributes and makes patches for Hunspell spell checker with Unicode, compound word and agglutinative language support; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNU Aspell
GNU Aspell, usually called just Aspell, is a free software spell checker designed to replace Ispell. It is the standard spell checker for the GNU operating system. It also compiler, compiles for other Unix-like operating systems and Microsoft Windows, Windows. The main program is software license, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), the documentation under the GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL). Dictionaries for it are available for about 70 languages. The primary maintainer is Kevin Atkinson. Comparison to Ispell Unlike Ispell, Aspell can easily check UTF-8 documents without having to use a special dictionary. But the mechanism behind is still 8-bit. Aspell will also do its best to respect the current Locale (computer software), locale setting. Other advantages over Ispell include support for using multiple dictionaries at once and intelligently handling personal dictionaries when more than one Aspell process is open at once. However, Ispell f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispell
Ispell is a spelling checker for Unix that supports most Western languages. It offers several interfaces, including a programmatic interface for use by editors such as Emacs. Unlike GNU Aspell, ispell will only suggest corrections that are based on a Damerau–Levenshtein distance of 1; it will not attempt to guess more distant corrections based on English pronunciation rules. Ispell has a very long history that can be traced back to a program that was originally written in 1971 in PDP-10 Assembly language by R. E. Gorin, and later ported to the C (programming language), C programming language and expanded by many others. It is currently maintained by Geoff Kuenning. The generalized affix description system introduced by ispell has since been imitated by other spelling checkers such as MySpell. Like most computerized spelling checkers, ispell works by reading an input file word by word, stopping when a word is not found in its dictionary. Ispell then attempts to generate a list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Kučera
Henry Kučera (15 February 1925 – 20 February 2010), born Jindřich Kučera (), was a Czech-American linguist who pioneered corpus linguistics, linguistic software, a major contributor to the ''American Heritage Dictionary'', and a pioneer in the development of spell checking computer software. He is remembered in particular as one of the initiators of the Brown Corpus. Early life and education Kučera was born in Třebařov (between Pardubice and Olomouc) in Czechoslovakia and later moved with his family to Hodonín, where he studied. When the Communists came to power in February 1948, his studies in philosophy and linguistics at Charles University in the Czech capital of Prague were interrupted. He was forced to leave Czechoslovakia in April 1948 when it became clear that his political writings had placed him at risk of detention by the Communist authorities. Kučera then moved to Allied-occupied Germany where he worked under the supervision of the U.S. CIC (Counterin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private university, private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic higher education, Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, the oldest university in Washington, D.C., and the nation's first University charter#Federal, federally chartered university. The university has eleven Undergraduate education, undergraduate and Postgraduate education, graduate schools. Its main campus, located in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown historic neighborhood, is on a hill above the Potomac River and identifiable by Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among List_of_research_universities_in_the_United_States#Universities_classified_as_"R1:_Doctoral_Universities_–_Very_high_research_activity", "R1: Doctoral Universities – V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Language
In computing, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. Assembly language usually has one statement per machine instruction (1:1), but constants, comments, assembler directives, symbolic labels of, e.g., memory locations, registers, and macros are generally also supported. The first assembly code in which a language is used to represent machine code instructions is found in Kathleen and Andrew Donald Booth's 1947 work, ''Coding for A.R.C.''. Assembly code is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an '' assembler''. The term "assembler" is generally attributed to Wilkes, Wheeler and Gill in their 1951 book '' The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Dig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
