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Shivaji
Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the ''Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Shivaji offered passage and his service to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to invade the declining Sultanate of Bijapur. After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I, the senior most general ("Mirza (noble), Mirza Raja") of the Mughal Empire, in the Battle of Purandar, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with the title of ''Raja (title), Raja'' by Aurangzeb. He undertook military expeditions on behalf of the Mughal Empire for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Pratapgarh
The Battle of Pratapgad took place on 10 November 1659, at Pratapgarh Fort in Satara. The battle was fought between the Maratha forces led by Shivaji Raje Bhosale and the Bijapur troops under General Afzal Khan. The Marathas emerged victorious, marking their first significant military triumph against a major regional power. In the aftermath of this victory Shivaji captured 65 elephants, 4000 horses, 1200 camels and 10 Lakh rupees of cash and jewellery. Appointment of Afzal Khan against Shivaji In response to Shivaji's incursions and fort captures in the Konkan region, Ali Adil shah, ruler of the Sultanate of Bijapur, appointed Afzal Khan with 10,000 horsemen to confront him. The official history of Ali Adil shah's reign, the Tarikh-e-Ali, suggests that Ali Adilshah ordered Afzal Khan to eliminate Shivaji, viewing him as a threat to Islam. Although some sources suggest that the intention was to capture Shivaji alive, the Tarikh-e-Ali remains the most reliable account. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhonsle Dynasty
The Bhonsle dynasty (or Bhonsale, Bhosale, Bhosle) is an Indian Marathi people, Marathi dynasty, royal house of the Bhonsle (clan), Bhonsle clan. The Bhonsles claimed descent from the Rajput Sisodia dynasty, but were likely Kunbi Maratha (caste), Marathas. They served as the ''Chhatrapatis'' or kings of the Maratha Confederacy from 1674 to 1818, where they gained dominance of the Indian subcontinent. They also ruled several states such as Satara State, Satara, Kolhapur State, Kolhapur, Thanjavur Maratha kingdom, Thanjavur, Nagpur State, Nagpur, Akkalkot State, Akkalkot, Sawantwadi State, Sawantwadi and Barshi. The dynasty was founded in 1577 by Maloji Bhosale, a predominant general or sardar of Malik Ambar of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. In 1595 or 1599, Maloji was given the title of Raja by Bahadur Nizam Shah, the ruler of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. He was later granted was given the jagir of Pune, Ellora, Elur (Verul), Derhadi, Kannarad and Supa, Parner, Supe. He was also given co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sambhaji
Sambhaji (Sambhajiraje Shivajiraje Bhonsle, ; 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689), also known as Shambhuraje, ruled from 1681 to 1689 as the second king ( Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Empire, a prominent state in early modern India. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. At the age of nine, Sambhaji was taken as a political hostage of the Mughal Empire, to guarantee his father's compliance with the treaty of Purandar. He later accompanied his father to Agra where both were placed under house arrest by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb; they subsequently escaped. He was later confined by his father at Panhala Fort, with some theories suggesting that it was due to his addiction to "sensual pleasures" or for violating a Brahmin woman. * * * He subsequently defected to the Mughal Empire and served under Diler Khan in the Battle of Bhupalgarh against his father. He ascended the throne following his father's death, with his rule being largely shaped by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sack Of Surat
The Battle of Surat, also known as the Sack of Surat, was a land battle that took place on 5 January 1664, near the city of Surat, in present-day Gujarat, India, between Shivaji, leader of the fledgling Maratha State and Inayat Khan, a Mughal commander. The Marathas defeated the Mughal military unit posted at Surat. Surat was a wealthy port city used by the Mughals for maritime trade in the Arabian Sea. The city was populated mostly by Hindus, but there were Muslims & others as well; including the officials of the Moghal administration at the city. According to historian James Grant Duff, Surat was attacked by Shivaji on 5 January 1664; the attack was so sudden that the population had no chance to flee, the violent plunder of the Mahratta forces continued for six days & two-thirds of the city was burnt down. The loot was then transferred to Rajgad fort hidden in the Western Ghauts near Poona. Background Shaista Khan, the Moghal nawab, was in the Deccan for more than three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji's Invasions Of Janjira
The Shivaji's invasions of Janjira were a series of military campaigns launched by the first Maratha Empire, Maratha ruler, Shivaji, against the Abyssinian rulers of the sea fortress of Janjira State, Janjira named Siddis between 1661 and 1676. The Marathas attacked the Janjira fort annually, and during the final siege of 1676, the Maratha Peshwa Moropant Trimbak Pingle, Moropant faced a counterattack by the Siddis, forcing the Marathas to retreat with heavy casualties. The Siddis, once part of the army of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate under Malik Ambar, Malik Amber, switched their allegiance to the Adil Shahi dynasty, Adil Shahi Sultanate after Ahmadnagar fell to the Mughal Empire. Despite attacks by the Marathas under Shivaji, the Adil Shahi rulers provided no military aid to the Siddis, which almost led to the surrender of the fort to the Marathas. However, Siddi leaders like Qasim, Khairyat, and Siddi Sambal opposed surrender and continued their wars with the Marathas. They eventual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sai Bhonsale
Saibai Bhonsale (''née'' Nimbalkar) (29 October 1633 – 5 September 1659) was the consort of Chattrapati Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. She was the mother of her husband's successor Chattrapati Sambhaji. Family Saibai was a member of the prominent Nimbalkar family, whose members were the rulers of Phaltan from the era of the Pawar dynasty and served the Deccan sultanates and the Mughal Empire. She was a daughter of the fifteenth Raja of Phaltan, Mudhojirao Naik Nimbalkar, and a sister of the sixteenth Raja, Bajaji Rao Naik Nimbalkar. Saibai's mother Reubai was from the Shirke family. Marriage Rani Saibai and Shivaji Maharaj were married while still in their childhood on 16 May 1640 at Lal Mahal, Pune. The marriage was arranged by his mother, Jijabai; but was evidently not attended by his father, Shahaji nor his brothers, Sambhaji and Ekoji. Thus, Shahaji soon summoned his new daughter-in-law, son, and his mother, Jijabai, to Bangalore, where he lived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Purandar
The Battle of Purandar was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Marathas in 1665. Background The Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, appointed Jai Singh to lead a 12,000-man army against Maratha king Shivaji. Shaista Khan and Muazzam were both replaced by Jai Singh after their failure against Shivaji in previous campaigns. Jai Singh was given full military power and made viceroy of Deccan by the Mughal Emperor. Siege Jai Singh started his campaign by isolating Shivaji; he persuaded some Maratha nobles to join him and offered to reduce the tribute of the Bijapur Sultanate if they joined him. Jai Singh then besieged Purandar and beat off all Maratha attempts to relieve the fort. In 1665, Shivaji sued for peace. Shivaji is noted to have said when receiving Jai Singh "I have come as a guilty slave to seek forgiveness, and it is for you to pardon or kill me at your pleasure." Aftermath In the Treaty of Purandar, signed by Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahaji
Shahaji Bhonsale (; 18 March 1594 – 23 January 1664) was a 17th century Indian military leader who served the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, the Bijapur Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire at various points in his career. As a member of the Bhonsle dynasty, Shahaji inherited the Pune and Supe jagirs (fiefs) from his father Maloji, who previously served the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. During the Mughal invasion of the Deccan, Shahaji joined the Mughal forces and served under Emperor Shah Jahan for a short period. After being deprived of his jagirs, he defected to the Bijapur Sultanate in 1632 and regained control over Pune and Supe. In 1638, he received the jagir of Bangalore after Bijapur's invasion of Kempe Gowda III's territories. Afterwards, he became the chief general of Bijapur and oversaw its expansion. He was the father of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. Early life Shahaji was the son of Maloji Bhosale, a Maratha warrior and nobleman who had been awarded the jagirs of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji's Campaign Of Javali
Shivaji's Campaign of Jawali was a military engagement fought between the Maratha rebels, led by Shivaji and the Bijapur Sultanate, under the command of Chandra Rao More, in the year 1656. This battle took place near the town of Jawali, located in present-day Maharashtra, India. Background During the seventeenth century, Shivaji emerged as a warrior and leader, establishing the Maratha Kingdom in the region. The Bijapur Sultanate, one of the dominant powers in the Deccan, sought to curb Shivaji's growing influence and expansionist ambitions. In pursuit of this goal, Chandra Rao More, a general of Bijapur, was tasked with confronting Shivaji's forces. Jawali Campaign The exact details of the battle are somewhat obscured by historical accounts, but it is believed to have been a strategically important engagement in Shivaji's early military campaigns. The battle was likely characterized by skirmishes, cavalry charges, and infantry maneuvers typical of warfare during that period. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyarabai
Soyarabai Bhosale (née ''Mohite'') was the second wife of Chatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom in western India. She was the mother of Shivaji Maharaj's second son, Rajaram. She was the younger sister of the Maratha army chief, Hambirrao Mohite. Early life Soyarabai was the daughter of Sambhaji Mohite, whose sister Tukabai was the second wife of Shahaji. The precise date of Soyarabai's marriage to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is unclear, but various sources give the years as 1642, 1650 and 1660. In all probability, Soyarabai was married before 1650. The marriage took place when Shivaji visited his father Shahaji at Bangalore with his mother Jijabai. Tukabai, the stepmother of Shivaji and paternal aunt of Soyarabai, insisted on the marriage. After the death of Saibai in 1659 and Jijabai in 1674, Soyarabai gained prominence in Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's family and, by extension, in the politics of the Maratha court. Soyrabai bore Shivaji two ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajaram I
Rajaram I (Rajaram Bhonsale, ; 24 February 1670 – 3 March 1700), also known as Ram Raaje, was the third king (Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Kingdom, who ruled from 1689 to his death in 1700. He was the second son of Shivaji, the founder of the kingdom, and younger brother of Sambhaji whom he succeeded. His eleven-year reign was marked with a constant struggle against the Mughals. He was succeeded by his infant son Shivaji II under the regentship of his Rajmata Maharani Tarabai. Early life and family Rajaram was born in the Bhonsle dynasty to Shivaji and his second wife, Soyarabai, on 24 February 1670. He was thirteen years younger than his brother, Sambhaji. Given the ambitious nature of Soyarabai, Rajaram was installed on the Maratha throne upon the death of his father in 1680 at the age of 10. However, the Maratha generals wanted Sambhaji as the king and thus Sambhaji claimed the throne. Upon Sambhaji's death at the hands of the Mughals in 1689, Rajaram was informally crow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
