|
Semnopithecus
''Semnopithecus'' is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species ''Semnopithecus entellus'' was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized. Members of the genus ''Semnopithecus'' are Terrestrial animal, terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas. Characteristics These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest. Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tufted Gray Langur
The tufted gray langur (''Semnopithecus priam''), also known as Madras gray langur, and Coromandel sacred langur, is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. This, like other gray langurs, is mainly a leaf-eating monkey. It is found in southeast India and Sri Lanka. It is one of three ''Semnopithecus'' species named after characters from ''The Iliad'', ''Semnopithecus hector, S. hector'' and ''Semnopithecus ajax, S. ajax'' being the others. In Sinhala language, Sinhala it is known as හැලි වඳුරා (''Heli wandura''). Taxonomy and evolution There are two subspecies, ''Semnopithecus priam priam'' in India, and ''Semnopithecus priam thersites'' from Sri Lanka. There are two theories about the evolution of these two subspecies. According to one theory, ''Semnopithecus priam'' arose from subspecies ''Trachypithecus vetulus, Semnopithecus vetulus philbricki''. With the glacial fluctuations, and far apart from the Indian subcontinent, pushed two taxa apart, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purple-faced Langur
The purple-faced langur (''Semnopithecus vetulus''), also known as the purple-faced leaf monkey, is a species of Old World monkey that is endemic to Sri Lanka. The animal is a long-tailed arboreal species, identified by a mostly brown appearance, dark face (with paler lower face) and a very shy nature. The species was once highly prevalent, found in suburban Colombo and the "wet zone" villages (areas with high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, whilst rain deluges occur during the monsoon seasons), but rapid urbanization has led to a significant decrease in the population level of the monkeys. It had traditionally been classified within the genus '' Trachypithecus'' but was moved to the genus ''Semnopithecus'' based on DNA evidence indicating that is it more closely related to the gray langurs. In Sinhala, it is known as ශ්රී ලංකා කළු වඳුරා ʌlu vʌⁿðura(Sri Lanka black monkey). Description In the purple-faced langur, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Plains Gray Langur
The northern plains gray langur (''Semnopithecus entellus''), also known as the sacred langur, Bengal sacred langur and Hanuman langur, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. Taxonomy The northern plains gray langur belongs to the genus ''Semnopithecus'' along with the other Indian langurs. The southern plains gray langur was once classified as a subspecies of ''S. entellus'', i.e., ''S. entellus dussumieri'' and later regarded as a separate species, i.e., ''S. dussumieri'', but is now regarded as an invalid taxon. Most of the specimens that had been regarded as ''Semnopithecus dussumieri'' fall within the revised range of ''Semnopithecus entellus''. Description The fur of adults is mostly light colored, with darker fur on the back and limbs, and the face, ears, hands and feet are all black. Infants are brown. Body size excluding tail ranges from to long, and the tail length is between and . Adult males weigh between and while adult females weigh between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilgiri Langur
The Nilgiri langur (''Semnopithecus johnii'') is an Asian langur of the Old World monkey. It has glossy, black fur and an orangey-golden brown, hair-like mane on its head. Females have a white patch of fur on the inner thigh. It typically lives in troops of nine to ten individuals, with or without offspring, depending on seasonality. Its diet consists of fruits, shoots and leaves. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by habitat destruction and poaching for its body parts, thought to supposedly contain aphrodisiac properties. Taxonomy and classification The classification of the Nilgiri langur has been disputed. Traditionally it has been placed within the genus ''Trachypithecus'' based on morphological similarities such as cranial morphology and neonatal pelage color, and within the ''Trachypithecus vetulus'' group within ''Trachypithecus'' based on a presumed close relationship with the purple-faced langur (''Semnopithecus vetulus''), which had fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmir Gray Langur
The Kashmir gray langur (''Semnopithecus ajax'') is an Old World monkey, one of the langur species. It is a leaf-eating monkey. It has been reported from Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in northwestern India but evidence indicates it only occurs in the Chamba Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Because of its restricted range, fragmented population and threats from human agriculture and development activities it is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List. In Pakistan it occurs in Machiara National Park. It was formerly considered a subspecies of '' Semnopithecus entellus'' and is one of several ''Semnopithecus'' species named after characters from '' The Iliad'', along with '' Semnopithecus hector'' and '' Semnopithecus priam''. Ecology and behaviour It is arboreal and diurnal, and lives in temperate and alpine forests. It lives at the highest elevation of any non-human primate in the world and is found in forests at elevations ranging from . The birthing season for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-footed Gray Langur
The black-footed gray langur (''Semnopithecus hypoleucos'') is an Old World monkey, one of the species of langurs. Found in southern India, this, like other gray langurs, is a leaf-eating monkey. Taxonomy The black-footed gray langur was previously considered to be a subspecies of ''Semnopithecus entellus''. Research done in 2003 by Brandon-Jones may indicate that it is a subspecies of '' Semnopithecus dussumieri''. Some experts believe that the species may be a naturally occurring hybrid of ''Semnopithecus johnii'' and '' Semnopithecus dussumieri''. Currently ''S. dussumieri'' is considered a junior synonym of the black-footed gray langur. Distribution This black-footed gray langur is distributed throughout south-western India (Goa, Karnataka and Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachypithecus
''Trachypithecus'' (derived from Greek , meaning "rough" and , meaning "monkey") is a genus of Old World monkeys containing species known as lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys. Their range is much of Southeast Asia (northeast India, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, Thailand, Java, and Bali). The name "lutung" comes from the Sundanese language meaning "blackness", ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *''luCuŋ'' (which originally referred to the Formosan rock macaque); it is preferred in one paper because the authors wanted the name langurs to only refer to monkeys in the genus '' Semnopithecus'', although some "lutungs" are now "langurs" again. Evolution Genetic analysis indicates that the ancestors of the modern species of lutung first differentiated from one another a little over 3 million years ago, during the late Pliocene. The various species alive today then diverged during the Pleistocene, presumably driven by habitat changes during the Ice Ages. The oldest fossils ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal Gray Langur
The Nepal gray langur (''Semnopithecus schistaceus'') is a gray langur endemic to the Himalayas in Nepal, far southwestern Tibet, northern India, northern Pakistan, Bhutan and possibly Afghanistan. It is found in forests at an elevation of . Its easternmost limit in India is Buxa Tiger Reserve in northern West Bengal, at least up to the Rydak river. The Nepal gray langur is both terrestrial and arboreal and eats leaves. At , the heaviest langur The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split ... ever recorded was a male Nepal gray langur. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q509143 Nepal gray langur Fauna of the Himalayas Mammals of Afghanistan Mammals of Bhutan Mammals of China Mammals of India Mammals of Nepal Mammals of Pakistan Monkeys in India Fauna of Sikkim Nepal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarai Gray Langur
The Tarai gray langur (''Semnopithecus hector'') is an Old World monkey, and was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern plains gray langur. The species is listed as near threatened, as there are probably not many more than 10,000 mature individuals, and it is experiencing a continuing decline. Habitat and behaviour The Tarai gray langur is native to northern India, Bhutan, and Nepal, and inhabits the Himalayan foothills from Rajaji National Park to southwestern Bhutan. It also lives in the moist deciduous forest of the Siwalik Hills to oak forest ranging from altitudes of . It is a diurnal species which lives arboreally in the top canopy of sal tree forests in India and Nepal. The species' population is fragmented, with a 2003 report estimating that there were at most fifty separate subpopulations. The monkeys are leaf-eaters who live in groups with multiple males and females. Groups have been observed feeding in orchards and crop fields outside of Rajaji Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old World Monkey
Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus '' Papio''), red colobus (genus '' Piliocolobus''), and macaques (genus '' Macaca''). Common names for other Old World monkeys include the talapoin, guenon, colobus, douc (douc langur, genus '' Pygathrix''), vervet, gelada, mangabey (a group of genera), langur, mandrill, drill, surili ('' Presbytis''), patas, and proboscis monkey. Phylogenetically, they are more closely related to apes than to New World monkeys, with the Old World monkeys and apes diverging from a common ancestor between 25 million and 30 million years ago. This clade, containing the Old World monkeys and the apes, diverged from a common ancestor with the New World monkeys around 45 to 55 million years ago. The individual species of Old World monkey are more closely related to each other than to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
