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Secularism In Iraq
Secularism in modern Iraq dates back to the 14 July Revolution of 1958 which overthrew the Kingdom of Iraq's Hashemites, Hashemite dynasty and established the Iraqi Republic (1958–1968), Iraqi Republic. Islam is the official state religion of Iraq, but the constitution, guarantees freedom of religious belief and practices for Muslims, Christians, Yazidis and Mandaeans, Sabean-Mandaeans. The secular Iraqi Communist Party was the country's largest movement between the 1940s and 1960s, and was founded by activists from different backgrounds. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Iraqi society has experienced crises in its transition from a strong centralized state under the secular Ba'ath Party, Baʿth Party to a state dominated by Shia Islamist parties. In particular Sectarian violence in Iraq, sectarian violence increased dramatically. In 2006, OpenDemocracy reported that the regime change had damaged the secularism of Ba'athist Iraq. The emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq presente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion. It is most commonly thought of as the separation of religion from civil affairs and the state and may be broadened to a similar position seeking to remove or to minimize the role of religion in any public sphere. Secularism may encapsulate anti-clericalism, atheism, naturalism, non-sectarianism, neutrality on topics of religion, or antireligion. Secularism is not necessarily antithetical to religion, but may be compatible with it. As a philosophy, secularism seeks to interpret life based on principles derived solely from the material world, without recourse to religion. It shifts the focus from religion towards "temporal" and material concerns. There are distinct traditions of secularism like the French, Turkish, American and Indian models. These differ greatly, from the American emphasis on avoiding an established religion and the freedom of bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State Of Iraq
The Islamic State of Iraq (ISI; ') was a Salafi jihadist militant organization that fought the forces of the U.S.-led coalition during the Iraqi insurgency. The organization aimed to overthrow the Iraqi federal government and establish an Islamic state governed by Sharia law in Iraq. Islamic State of Iraq traces its origins to '' Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad'' (JTJ) group, which was formed by the Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Jordan in 1999. Al-Zarqawi led the group, until his death in June 2006. Jama'at fought the American occupation forces during the early Iraqi insurgency following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and on 17 October 2004 al-Zarqawi had pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network; and the group became known as "''Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn''" (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq). In January 2006, AQI and seven other Sunni guerrilla groups formed the Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC), which on 15 October 2006 disbande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Union (Iraq)
The People's Union (, ''Ittihad Al Shaab'') was an electoral coalition in Iraq, led by the Iraqi Communist Party. 2005 elections The People's Union was the main communist party list in the January 2005 Iraqi legislative election. It was made up of the Iraqi Communist Party and independent candidate Hikmat Dawud Hakim. Before the election, the Communist Party had attempted to form a wider coalition among secularist groups, but this effort failed. The list was led by Hamid Majid Mousa, who served on the Governing Council, and also included Mufid Mohammad Jawad al-Jazairi who served as minister of culture on the interim government. The party, while small, ran one of the more organized campaigns in the election, and its list of 257 candidates was the longest of any party. In the January elections, the People's Union received 69,920 votes, or 0.83% of ballots cast, earning them two seats in the transitional Iraqi National Assembly, where they were represented by Mousa and Jazairi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (Iraq)
The People's Party for Reform (Arabic: حزب الشعب للإصلاح, ''Ḥizb Al-Sha'ab Lil Islah'') is an Iraqi Liberalism, Liberal Civil affairs, Civil political party founded in 2011 under its previous name, the People's Party. It was later renamed to its current name in mid-2017. The party's Secretary-General is Faiq Al Sheikh Ali, an Iraqi liberal secular politician who has been a member of the Council of Representatives of Iraq since 2014 serving in the Judiciary Committee. History In mid-2011, Sheikh Ali founded the People's Party in London. The party is a Centrist Liberal one whose goals are rebuilding Iraq as a nation, establishing a state of justice and social guarantees, as well as establishing the principle of loyalty to Iraq and fighting underdevelopment & corruption. Article 39(a) in the Iraqi constitution states that the freedom to form and join associations and political parties is guaranteed and shall be regulated by law. In 2015, Sheikh Ali helped pass the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization Of Women's Freedom In Iraq
The Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq (OWFI) is an organization which campaigns in favour of women's rights in Iraq, and against political Islam and against the occupation of Iraq by the United States and the United Kingdom. It was founded in 2003. Its director is Yanar Mohammed, who is also a co-founder of the organization. The OWFI works together with women and leftist political groups to protect and empower women in Iraq. Background From the 1950s until the 1970s Iraqi women had the ability to exercise several rights such as the right to work, receive an education, initiate marriage and divorce, and dress freely. These rights were rescinded when Iraq introduced Sharia punishment for certain types of criminal offenses in 1995. Women were now required to follow an extremely modest and rigid dress code and most of their civil and social rights were taken away. Honor killings became more prevalent, as Iraq does not currently have any laws holding men accountable for these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Democratic Party (Iraq)
The National Democratic Party (, ''Hizb al Wataniyah al Dimuqratiyah'') is an Iraqi Secular political party. The party was founded after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, as several Iraqis, including Naseer al-Chaderchi, son of former leader Kamil al-Chaderchi, and Abdel Amir Abbud Rahima, sought to revive the historic National Democratic Party. The party ran in the 2005 Iraqi election and received 36,795 votes, sufficient to win one seat. It lost parliamentary representation in the December 2005 elections, but a leading member, Hashim Abderrahman al-Shibli was nominated as Minister of Justice by the Iraqi National List. In the 2009 governorate election in Basrah, the party is contesting on the list 'National Tendency', together with the Iraqi Communist Party, Popular Democratic Gathering and Independent Sons of Iraq. Naseer al-Chaderchi is a former leader of the party The party's current leader is Abid Faisal Ihmaid, father of Member of the European Parliament Abir Al-S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi National Movement
The Iraqi National Movement (INM) (Arabic language, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية العراقية ''al-Ḥaraka al-Waṭaniya al-Iraqiyya''), more commonly known as the al-Iraqiya List, was an Iraqi political coalition formed to contest the 2010 Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 parliamentary election by Iraqi Vice President of Iraq, Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi's Renewal List, the Iraqi National Accord led by former List of Prime Ministers of Iraq, Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and the Iraqi National Dialogue Front led by Saleh Muhamed al-Mutlaq, Saleh al-Mutlaq. The party included both Shi'a leaders (such as Allawi) and Sunni leaders (such as al-Mutlaq and al-Hashimi) and claimed to be secular and non-sectarian. With 2,849,612 votes (24.7%) and 91 seats the Iraqiya List became the biggest list in the elections, winning two seats more than Nouri al-Maliki's State of Law Coalition, which won 89 seats and 2,792,083 votes (24.2%). 2010 parliamentary election In the 2010 Iraq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi National Congress
The Iraqi National Congress (INC; ) is an Iraqi political party that was led by Ahmed Chalabi who died in 2015. It was formed as an umbrella opposition group of majority Feyli Kurds and shia Arabs, with the aid of the United States' government following the Persian Gulf War, for the purpose of fomenting the overthrow of longtime Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Today the party is mainly run by Feyli Kurds after Aras Habib was elected as the general secretary of the party in 2015. The party was mainly considered as an pro-american ally before turning its stance towards Iran in 2006 after alleged disputes with the americans. History INC was set up following the Persian Gulf War to coordinate the activities of various anti-Saddam groups. Then President George H. W. Bush signed a presidential finding directing the Central Intelligence Agency to create conditions for Saddam's removal in May 1991. Coordinating anti-Saddam groups was an important element of this strategy. The nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi National Accord
The Iraqi National Accord (INA; Arabic: الوفاق الوطني العراقي; ''Al-Wifaq Al-Watani Al-'Iraqi''), colloquially known in Iraq as Wifaq, is an Iraqi political party founded by Ayad Allawi, Tahsin Muallah and Salah Omar al-Ali in 1991. History The party was founded at the time of the Persian Gulf War as an opposition group to Saddam Hussein. At that time, the two most active anti-Saddam groups were the SCIRI and al-Dawa; both were Iranian-backed Islamic Shi'ite parties, originating from Iraq, but operating from Iran from which they received support. Both parties were disagreeable to the western powers, and Saudi Arabia, who had long poor relations with Iran. The INA was thus set up to be an alternative, largely funded by money from Saudi Arabia; with extra support coming from the UK and the United States. INA membership consisted largely of military and security personnel who had defected from the Iraqi military under Saddam Hussein's rule. The INA organised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq Freedom Congress
The Iraq Freedom Congress (or Iraqi Freedom Congress, IFC) is a libertarian socialist, progressive, democratic, and secularist political party. The Congress was formed in March 2005 by labor groups, women's groups, students, and neighborhood groups concerned about sectarian violence, Ba'athism, Islamism, and nationalism Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, I ..., as well as the post-war occupation. The Congress has been active in protests, most recently regarding post-occupation security and checkpoint policy. External links * References 2005 establishments in Iraq Iraqi democracy movements Libertarian socialist parties Occupation of Iraq Political movements in Iraq Political parties established in 2005 Secularism in Iraq Socialist parties in Iraq {{Iraq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorran Movement
The Gorran Movement (, ''Movement for Change'') or just Gorran (''Change'') is a Kurdish political party in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The party is led by Dana Ahmed Majid, it was formerly under the leadership of Omar Said Ali, and was founded in 2009 by Nawshirwan Mustafa and Qadir Haji Ali. Gorran is the sixth largest party in the Kurdistan Region, having lost almost all of its voters (95%) since its foundation, and is now no longer represented in the Iraqi parliament. Gorran under Nawshirwan Mustafa According to the BBC Gorran had "already shaken the political landscape in Kurdish areas" in March 2010. Support for the Movement for Change "stems from the simple fact that it is the new, dynamic, fresh option in Kurdistan" and its "calls for an end to monopoly control of power." One of Gorran's main objectives is to "uproot rampant corruption." The party is particularly popular with the youth of Kurdistan and campaigns against patronage. It consists of a mix of (former) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emtidad Movement
The Emtidad Movement or Emtidad (), also sometimes translated as the Extension Movement, is an Iraqi political party formed to contest the 2021 parliamentary election. Foundation The party was formed in early December 2020 by Alaa Al Rikabi, a doctor and civil activist with other civil activists inside a tent in Al-Haboubi Square, the stronghold of the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests in the center of Dhi Qar governorate. The idea was establishing a youth civil movement as an alternative to the current political parties that have failed to run the country and have been implicated in crimes of financial corruption, fueling sectarianism and racism, and creating various crises in the country since 2003. The announcement of the movement came in January 2021 and was called "extension", indicating that the movement's premise stemmed from the demands of the protesters, who demanded the end of sectarianism and state corruption. History The Kurdish New Generation Movement and Emtidad, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
