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Sasanian Architecture
Sasanian architecture refers to the Persian architecture, Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sasanian era. In many ways the Sasanian Empire period (224–651 CE) witnessed the highest achievement of History of Iran, Iranian civilization, and constituted the last great pre-Islamic Persian Empire before the Muslim conquest. Much of Sasanian architecture was adopted by Muslims and became part of Islamic architecture. The Sasanian dynasty, like the Achaemenid Empire, originated in the province of Persis (Fars province, Fars). They saw themselves as successors to the Achaemenians, after the Hellenistic and Parthian dynasty interlude, and perceived it as their role to restore the greatness of Persian Empire, Persia. Origins In reviving the glories of the Achaemenian past, the Sasanians were no mere imitators. The art of this period reveals an astonishing virility. In certain respects it anticipates features later developed during the Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Eleven or 11 may refer to: *11 (number) * One of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011 Literature *Eleven (novel), ''Eleven'' (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn *''Eleven'', a 1970 collection of short stories by Patricia Highsmith *''Eleven'', a 2004 children's novel in The Winnie Years by Lauren Myracle *''Eleven'', a 2008 children's novel by Patricia Reilly Giff *''Eleven'', a short story by Sandra Cisneros Music *Eleven (band), an American rock band *Eleven: A Music Company, an Australian record label *Up to eleven, an idiom from popular culture, coined in the movie ''This Is Spinal Tap'' Albums *11 (The Smithereens album), ''11'' (The Smithereens album), 1989 *11 (Ua album), ''11'' (Ua album), 1996 *11 (Bryan Adams album), ''11'' (Bryan Adams album), 2008 *11 (Sault album), ''11'' (Sault album), 2022 *Eleven (Harry Connick, Jr. album), ''Eleven'' (Harry Connick, Jr. album), 1992 *Eleven (22-Pistepirkko album), ''Eleven'' (22-Pistepirkko album), 1998 *Eleven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishapur
Bishapur (Middle Persian: ''Bay-Šāpūr''; , ''Bishâpûr'') was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia (Iran) on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. It is located south of modern Faliyan in the Kazerun County of Fars province, Iran. Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs. History The name ''Bishapur'' derives from ''Bay-Šāpūr'', which means ''Lord Shapur''. eeds verification According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 AD by Shapur I (241–272), who was the second Sassanid king and inflicted a triple defeat on the Romans, having killed Gordian III, captured Valerian and forced Philip the Arab to surrender. The city was not a completely new settlement: archaeologists have found remains from the Parthian and Elamite eras. The city remained import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the Capital city, capital, largest city and Economy of Armenia, financial center. The Armenian Highlands has been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria and Nairi. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian language, Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian Highlands.Robert Drews (2017). ''Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe''. Routledge. . p. 228: "The vernacular of the Great Kingdom of Biainili was quite certainly Armenian. The Armenian language was obviously the region's vernacular in the fifth century BC, when Persian commanders and Greek writers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atashkadeh (fireplace)
Ateshkadeh or Atashkadeh () may refer to: * Fire temple, a Zoroastrian place of worship. * Ateshkadeh-ye Olya * Ateshkadeh-ye Sofla * William Atashkadeh - Swedish-Iranian footballer See also * Atashgah (other) {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rayen Castle
The Rayen Castle ( ''Arg-e Rāyen'') is a historic adobe fortress situated in the city of Rayen, about 100 kilometers south of Kerman, Iran. The castle and the mudbrick city it protects display numerous architectural elements and design strategies recognized as hallmarks of Iranian citadels. The complex is well preserved despite numerous natural disasters that have destroyed similar structures nearby, including Arg-e Bam, which was destroyed in an earthquake in December 2003. Rayen is assumed to have been inhabited until 1868. Although believed to be at least 1,000 years old, it may have foundations dating to the pre-Islamic Sassanid era, with later additions and renovations during the Islamic period. According to contemporary documents, it was situated on an important trade route and was a centre for trading valuable goods and quality textiles, as well as for sword and knife manufacturing and, later, guns. During the reign of the Sassanian king Yazdegerd III, the Arabs failed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falak-ol-Aflak Castle 07
Falak ol-Aflak () or Shapur Khast Castle () is a castle situated on the top of a large hill with the same name within the city of Khorramabad, the regional capital of Lorestan province, Iran. This gigantic structure was built during the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian era (224–651). The Khorramabad River runs past the eastern and south-western side of the Falak-ol-Aflak hill providing the fortress some natural protection on those sides. Today, the western and northern sides of the hill are bordered by the residential districts of Khorramabad. History During the Pahlavi Iran, Pahlavi era, after being used as a prison until 1968, it was transformed into a museum complex. Architectural layout The Foundation (architecture), foundations of the actual castle measure approximately . The height of the entire structure, including the hill, reaches to 40 meters above the surrounding area. Surrounding structures Archaeological studies have identified the existence of a two layered rampa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elliptic Dome
An elliptical dome, or an ''oval dome'', is a dome whose bottom cross-section takes the form of an ellipse. Technically, an ''ellipsoidal dome'' has a circular cross-section, so is not quite the same. While the cupola can take different geometries, when the ceiling's cross-section takes the form of an ellipse, and due to the reflecting properties of an ellipse, any two persons standing at a focus of the floor's ellipse can have one whisper, and the other hears; this is a whispering gallery. The largest elliptical dome in the world is at the Sanctuary of Vicoforte in Vicoforte, Italy. In architecture Elliptical domes have many applications in architecture; and are useful in covering rectangular spaces. The oblate, or horizontal elliptical dome is useful when there is a need to limit height of the space that would result from a spherical dome. As the mathematical description of an elliptical dome is more complex than that of spherical dome, design care is needed. In a geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardashir I
Ardashir I (), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire, the last empire of ancient Iran. He was also Ardashir V of the Kings of Persis, until he founded the new empire. After defeating the last Parthian Empire, Parthian King of Kings, shahanshah Artabanus IV of Parthia, Artabanus IV on the Battle of Hormozdgan, Hormozdgan plain in 224, he overthrew the Parthian Empire, Arsacid dynasty and established the Sasanian dynasty. Afterwards, Ardashir called himself ''shahanshah'' and began conquering the land that he called ''Iran (word), Eranshahr'', the realm of the Arya (Iran), Iranians. There are various historical reports about Ardashir's lineage and ancestry. According to al-Tabari's ''History of the Prophets and Kings'', Ardashir was son of Papak, son of Sasan. Another narrative recorded in Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan, ''Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan'' and Ferdowsi, Ferdowsi's ''Shahnameh'' states that Ardashir was born from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardeshir
Ardeshir, Ardashir or Ardasher may refer to: Throne name of several rulers * Artaxerxes (other), the Hellenized form of Ardeshir * Ardashir Orontid, ''r.'' 5th century BC, Armenian king from the Orontid dynasty * Ardashir I, ''r.'' 224–241, founder of the Sassanid Empire * Ardashir II, ''r.'' 379–383, son of Hormizd II and successor of Shapur II "the Great" * Ardashir III, ''r.'' 628–630, the youngest of the Sassanid kings * Ardashir I Kushanshah, ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 233 to 245 * Ardashir I (Bavandid ruler) (Ardashir I of Mazandaran), ''r.'' 1173–1205, ruler of the Bavand dynasty * Ardashir II (Bavandid ruler) (Ardashir II of Mazandaran), ''r.'' 1238–1249, ruler of the Bavand dynasty Given name * Ardaseer Cursetjee (1808–1877), the first Indian elected a Fellow of the Royal Society * Ardeshir Godrej (1868–1936), Indian inventor and engineer * Ardeshir Dalal (1884–1949), Indian civil servant and businessman * Ardeshir Irani (1886� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapur I
Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; ) was the second Sasanian Empire, Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The precise dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardashir I as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242. During his co-regency, he helped his father with the conquest and destruction of the city of Hatra, whose fall was facilitated, according to Islamic tradition, by the actions of his future wife al-Nadirah. Shapur also consolidated and expanded the empire of Ardashir I, waged war against the Roman Empire, and seized its cities of Nusaybin, Nisibis and Harran, Carrhae while he was advancing as far as Roman Syria. Although he was defeated at the Battle of Resaena in 243 by Roman emperor Gordian III (), the following year he was able to win the Battle of Misiche and force the new Roman emperor Philip the Arab () to sign a favorable peace treaty that was regarded by the Romans as "a most shameful treaty". Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iwan
An iwan (, , also as ''ivan'' or ''ivān''/''īvān'', , ) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called , a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. Since the definition allows for some interpretation, the overall forms and characteristics can vary greatly in terms of scale, material, or decoration. Iwans are most commonly associated with Islamic architecture; however, the form is pre-Islamic Iranian in origin and was invented much earlier and fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian period. Etymology ''Iwan'' is a Persian word that was subsequently borrowed into other languages such as Arabic and Turkish. The New Persian form is ''eyvān'' and its etymology is unclear. A theory by scholars like Ernst Herzfeld and Walter Bruno He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barrel-vault
A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side (i.e., one after another). It is a form of barrel roof. As with all arch-based constructions, there is an outward thrust generated against the walls underneath a barrel vault. There are several mechanisms for absorbing this thrust. One is to make the walls exceedingly thick and strong – this is a primitive and sometimes unacceptable method. A more elegant method is to build two or more vaults parallel to each other; the forces of their outward thrusts will thus negate each other. This method was most often used in construction of churches, where sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
