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RSA Factoring Challenge
The RSA Factoring Challenge was a challenge put forward by RSA Laboratories on March 18, 1991 to encourage research into computational number theory and the practical difficulty of factoring large integers and cracking RSA keys used in cryptography. They published a list of semiprimes (numbers with exactly two prime factors) known as the RSA numbers, with a cash prize for the successful factorization of some of them. The smallest of them, a 100-decimal digit number called RSA-100 was factored by April 1, 1991. Many of the bigger numbers have still not been factored and are expected to remain unfactored for quite some time, however advances in quantum computers make this prediction uncertain due to Shor's algorithm. In 2001, RSA Laboratories expanded the factoring challenge and offered prizes ranging from $10,000 to $200,000 for factoring numbers from 576 bits up to 2048 bits. The RSA Factoring Challenges ended in 2007. RSA Laboratories stated: "Now that the industry has a consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RSA Laboratories
RSA Security LLC, formerly RSA Security, Inc. and doing business as RSA, is an American computer security, computer and network security company with a focus on encryption and encryption standards. RSA was named after the initials of its co-founders, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, after whom the RSA (algorithm), RSA public key cryptography algorithm was also named. Among its products is the SecurID authentication token. The BSAFE cryptography libraries were also initially owned by RSA. RSA is known for incorporating backdoors developed by the National Security Agency, NSA in its products. It also organizes the annual RSA Conference, an information security conference. Founded as an independent company in 1982, RSA Security was acquired by EMC Corporation in 2006 for US$2.1 billion and operated as a division within EMC. When EMC was acquired by Dell Technologies in 2016, RSA became part of the Dell Technologies family of brands. On 10 March 2020, Dell Technologies a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The way of denoting numbers in the decimal system is often referred to as ''decimal notation''. A ''decimal numeral'' (also often just ''decimal'' or, less correctly, ''decimal number''), refers generally to the notation of a number in the decimal numeral system. Decimals may sometimes be identified by a decimal separator (usually "." or "," as in or ). ''Decimal'' may also refer specifically to the digits after the decimal separator, such as in " is the approximation of to ''two decimals''". Zero-digits after a decimal separator serve the purpose of signifying the precision of a value. The numbers that may be represented in the decimal system are the decimal fractions. That is, fractions of the form , where is an inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorsten Kleinjung
Thorsten (Thorstein, Torstein, Torsten) is a Scandinavian given name. The Old Norse name was ''Þórsteinn''. It is a compound of the theonym ''Þór'' (''Thor'') and ''steinn'' "stone", which became ''Thor'' and ''sten'' in Old Danish and Old Swedish. The name is one of a group of Old Norse names containing the theonym ''Thor'', besides other such as ''Þórarin, Þórhall, Þórkell, Þórfinnr, Þórvald, Þórvarðr, Þórolf'', most of which, however, do not survive as modern names given with any frequency. The name is attested in medieval Iceland, e.g. Þorsteinn rauður Ólafsson (c. 850 – 880), Þōrsteinn Eirīkssonr (late 10th century), and in literature such as ''Draumr Þorsteins Síðu-Hallssonar''. The Old English equivalent of the Scandinavian and Norman name is ''Thurstan'', attested after the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century as the name of a medieval archbishop of York (died 1140), of an abbot of Pershore (1080s) and of an abbot of Glast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Zimmermann (mathematician)
Paul Zimmermann (born 13 November 1964) is a French computational mathematician, working at INRIA. Zimmermann co-authored the book Computational Mathematics with SageMath used by Mathematical students worldwide. His interests include asymptotically fast arithmetic—he wrote a book on algorithms for computer arithmetic with Richard Brent. He has developed some of the fastest available code for manipulating polynomials over GF(2), and for calculating hypergeometric constants to billions of decimal places. He is associated with the CARAMEL project to develop efficient arithmetic, in a general context and in particular in the context of algebraic curves of small genus; arithmetic on polynomials of very large degree turns out to be useful in algorithms for point-counting on such curves. He is also interested in computational number theory. In particular, he has contributed to some of the record computations in integer factorisation and discrete logarithm. He has been an active ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow State University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious university in the country. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches (including five foreign ones in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries). Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. The university was ranked 18th by '' The Three University Missions Ranking'' in 2022, and 76th by the ''QS World University Rankings'' in 2022, #293 in the world by the global '' Times Higher World University Rankings'', and #326 by '' U.S. News & World Report'' in 2022. It was the highest-ranking Russian educat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Bonn
The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine University) on 18 October 1818 by Frederick William III, as the linear successor of the ( en, Academy of the Prince-elector of Cologne) which was founded in 1777. The University of Bonn offers many undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects and has 544 professors. The University of Bonn is a member of the German U15 association of major research-intensive universities in Germany and has the title of "University of Excellence" under the German Universities Excellence Initiative; it is consistently ranked amongst the best German universities in the world rankings and is one of the most research intensive universities in Germany. Bonn has 6 Clusters of Excellence, the most of any German university; the Hausdorff Center fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jens Franke
Jens Franke (born 28 June 1964) is a German mathematician. He has held a chair at the University of Bonn's Hausdorff Center for Mathematics since 1992. Franke's research has covered various problems of number theory, algebraic geometry and analysis on locally symmetric spaces. Franke attended the University of Jena, where he earned his PhD under Hans Triebel in 1986. He was awarded the EMS Prize in 1992, and the Oberwolfach Prize in 1993. In recent years, Franke worked on an implementation of the Number Field Sieve algorithm for prime decomposition In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a composite number into a product of smaller integers. If these factors are further restricted to prime numbers, the process is called prime factorization. When the numbers are suf .... In May 2007, he and his colleague Thorsten Kleinjung announced the factorization of ''M''1039, the 1,039th Mersenne number. References External linksFranke's Website at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazumaro Aoki
In mathematics, the RSA numbers are a set of large semiprimes (numbers with exactly two prime factors) that were part of the RSA Factoring Challenge. The challenge was to find the prime factors of each number. It was created by RSA Laboratories in March 1991 to encourage research into computational number theory and the practical difficulty of factoring large integers. The challenge was ended in 2007. RSA Laboratories (which is an acronym of the creators of the technique; Rivest, Shamir and Adleman) published a number of semiprimes with 100 to 617 decimal digits. Cash prizes of varying size, up to US$200,000 (and prizes up to $20,000 awarded), were offered for factorization of some of them. The smallest RSA number was factored in a few days. Most of the numbers have still not been factored and many of them are expected to remain unfactored for many years to come. , the smallest 23 of the 54 listed numbers have been factored. While the RSA challenge officially ended in 2007, peop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Te Riele
Hermanus Johannes Joseph te Riele (born 5 January 1947) is a Dutch mathematician at CWI in Amsterdam with a specialization in computational number theory. He is known for proving the correctness of the Riemann hypothesis for the first 1.5 billion non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function with Jan van de Lune and Dik Winter, for disproving the Mertens conjecture with Andrew Odlyzko, and for factoring large numbers of world record size. In 1987, he found a new upper bound for π(''x'') − Li(''x''). In 1970, Te Riele received an engineer's degree in mathematical engineering from Delft University of Technology and, in 1976, a PhD degree in mathematics and physics from University of Amsterdam The University of Amsterdam (abbreviated as UvA, nl, Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a public research university located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other bein ... (1976). References * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific American
''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it. In print since 1845, it is the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. ''Scientific American'' is owned by Springer Nature, which in turn is a subsidiary of Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. History ''Scientific American'' was founded by inventor and publisher Rufus Porter (painter), Rufus Porter in 1845 as a four-page weekly newspaper. The first issue of the large format newspaper was released August 28, 1845. Throughout its early years, much emphasis was placed on reports of what was going on at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Patent Office. It also reported on a broad range of inventions including perpetual motion machines, an 1860 device for buoying vessels by Abraham Lincoln, and the universal joint which now can be found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arjen K
Arjen (also spelled as Arjan) is a given name, a variant of the Dutch/ Finnish name Adrian. Arjen (sometimes also Ariën) is derived from the Latin name Adrianus. The name Adrianus means "native of, from Adria", a place near Venice. Adria is associated with Latin ater, meaning "dull black" or "dark", a reference to the dark sands along the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Hadrian is the name of a famous Roman emperor (his family was from Hadria in the Picenum countryside). Adrian VI (1522-1523) was the first Dutch pope. The name Arjen is mainly found in the Netherlands. Notable people with the name include: *Arjen Anthony Lucassen (born 1960), Dutch composer and musician *Arjen Douwes Dekker (born 1996), Dutch-Spanish historian *Arjen Eggebeen (born 1996), Dutch music producer known by the name Ahrix *Arjen Lenstra (born 1956), Dutch mathematician *Arjen Lubach (born 1979), Dutch comedian *Arjen Robben (born 1984), Dutch former professional footballer * Arjen Roelofs (1754–1828), Dutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
