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Phylliidae
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the Extant taxon, extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimicry, mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia (continent), Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families. Characteristics Leaf insects are well camouflaged, taking on the appearance of leaves. They do this so accurately that predators often are not able to distinguish them from real leaves. In some species, the edge of the leaf insect's body has the appearance of bite marks. To further confuse predators, when the leaf insect walks, it rocks back and forth, mimicking a real leaf being blown by the wind. The scholar Antonio Pigafetta was probably the first Western person to document the creature, though it was known to people in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllium
''Phyllium'' is the largest and most widespread genus of leaf insects in the family Phylliidae (Phasmatodea). They can be found in Sundaland, Philippine Islands, Wallacea, and Australasia. Species Within the genus ''Phyllium'', apart from ''Phyllium'' itself, the subgenus ''Pulchriphyllium'' established by Griffini in 1898 has been differentiated. Two further subgenera, ''Comptaphyllium'' and ''Walaphyllium'', were described in 2019 and 2020. Since 2021, all three subgenera have been regarded as separate genera. The genus ''Phyllium'' includes the following species: ''Phyllium antonkozlovi'' * Phyllium arthurchungi' * ''Phyllium bilobatum'' * ''Phyllium bonifacioi'' ''Phyllium bourquei'' * Phyllium bradleri' ''Phyllium brossardi'' * Phyllium chenqiae' * Phyllium conlei' * Phyllium cummingi' * ''Phyllium elegans'' * ''Phyllium ericoriai'' * Phyllium fallorum' * ''Phyllium gantungense'' * Phyllium gardabagusi' * ''Phyllium hausleithneri'' * Phyllium iyadaon' * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulchriphyllium
''Pulchriphyllium'' is a genus of leaf insects. It was first established by Achille Griffini in 1898 as a subgenus within the genus ''Phyllium''. It has been elevated as a valid genus since 2021. The representatives of the genus are native to Sundaland and continental Asia. Description The ''Pulchriphyllium'' can be differentiated from other Phylliidae genera by the following combinations of morphological characters. Female: Tegmina cubitus venation simple (unsplit) or bifurcate (into an anterior cubitus (CuA) and posterior cubitus (CuP1) only); tegmina with media and cubitus veins running side by side and touching throughout the majority of their length; tibiae with well-developed exterior lobes; prescutum which is the same width as length, or notably longer than wide; terminal antennomere as long as the preceding one or two segments combined. Male: Alae radial sector, media anterior, and media posterior veins fusing to the cubitus at different locations along the vein and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walaphyllium
''Walaphyllium'' is a genus of leaf insects comprising three species. It is found in Australia and Papua New Guinea. '' Walaphyllium monteithei'' is a popular pet, and is commonly bred throughout Europe and Australia. The name ''Walaphyllium'' is derived from the term “Wala” from the Dharumbal language meaning “dance”, and “Phyllium” from Greek language meaning leaf. Species *'' Walaphyllium lelantos'' (Cumming, Thurman, Youngdale & Le Tirant, 2020) *'' Walaphyllium monteithei ''(Brock & Hasenpusch, 2003) *'' Walaphyllium zomproi'' (Grösser, 2001) References {{Taxonbar, from=Q119137455 Phasmatodea genera Insects of Australia Insects of New Guinea Phylliidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophyllium
''Eophyllium'' is an extinct monotypic genus of the Phasmatodea, a type of insect ancestral to the modern Phylliidae. These insects mimic the shape of leaves for camouflage, with a single species, ''Eophyllium messelensis''. Description A full body fossil of ''E. messelensis'' was recovered from a 47-million-year-old fossil lake bed in Germany. The 60 mm long fossil has a body highly similar in shape to fossil leaves recovered from the same stratum. The genitalia of the fossil are nearly identical to those of modern leaf insects, indicating the species has changed little over the millennia. One area in which ''E. messelensis'' differs from modern genera is in its front legs, which do not have flattened, leaf-like projections that modern leaf insects use to disguise A disguise can be anything incognito which conceals one's identity or changes a person's physical appearance, including a wig, glasses, makeup, fake moustache, costume or other items. Camouflage is a type of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the tiger cowry of the Indo-Pacific, ''Cypraea'' (''Cypraea'') ''tigris'' Linnaeus, which belongs to the subgenus ''Cypraea'' of the genus ''Cypraea''. However, it is not mandatory, or even customary, when giving the name of a species, to include the subgeneric name. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all tho ... (ICNafp), the subgenus is one of the possible subdivisions of a genus. There is no limit to the number of divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree (graph theory), tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. computational phylogenetics, Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Griffini
Achille Griffini (10 August 1870 – 24 June 1932) was an Italian zoologist and high school teacher who specialized in ichthyology but also took an interest in entomology. He wrote on the taxonomy of the Orthoptera, particularly the Stenopelmatidae. Griffini was born in Milan to Eugenio and Clarissa Griffini. After being educated as a teacher he graduated in the natural sciences from the University of Turin in 1893 where he studied under Michele Lessona (1823-1894), who was among the early Italian evolutionists. He was offered a position as a teacher but having taught earlier he took up a position of assistant at the museum of zoology and comparative anatomy at the Royal University in 1895. In 1896 he was made member of the Royal Academy of Agriculture in Turin and he also took a position at the Technical Institute of Bologna. He worked in Foggia (1899-1902), Udeine (1902-1903), L'Aquila (1905-1905), Genoa, and Bologna (1910-1912). In 1913 he became a curator at the Natural History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Genetics
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens. The field of study is based on the merging of several sub-fields in biology: classical Mendelian inheritance, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. It integrates these disciplines to explore things like genetic inheritance, gene regulation and expression, and the molecular mechanism behind various life processes. A key goal of molecular genetics is to identify and study genetic mutations. Researchers search for mutations in a gene or induce mutations in a gene to link a gene sequence to a specific phenotype. Therefore molecular genetics is a powerful methodology for linking mutations to genetic conditions that may aid th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxa ranked above species are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
