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Phasmatodea Of Asia
The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida or Phasmatoptera) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick bugs, walkingsticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as Devil's darning needles, although this name is shared by both dragonflies and crane flies. They can be generally referred to as phasmatodeans, phasmids, or ghost insects, with phasmids in the family Phylliidae called leaf insects, leaf-bugs, walking leaves, or bug leaves. The group's name is derived from the Ancient Greek ', meaning an apparition or phantom, referring to their resemblance to vegetation while in fact being animals. Their natural camouflage makes them difficult for predators to detect; still, many species have one of several secondary lines of defense in the form of startle displays, spines or toxic secretions. Stick insects from the genera ''Phryganistria'', '' Ctenomorpha'', and ''Phobaeticus'' include the world's longest insects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pijnackeria Hispanica
''Pijnackeria hispanica'', commonly known as the Spanish walkingstick or the Spanish stick insect, is a species of Phasmid (stick insect) in the family Diapheromeridae. It is found in Spain and France. This species' color can be turquoise, brown, or green. ''P. hispanica'' usually feeds on rose A rose is either a woody perennial plant, perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred Rose species, species and Garden roses, tens of thousands of cultivar ... leaves. This phasmid is slender with short antennae and yellow or brown eyes with a black horizontal stripe or pseudopupil. References Insect taxa Insects described in 1878 Diapheromeridae {{Phasmatodea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipredator Adaptation
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist Predation, prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle, namely by avoiding detection, warding off attack, fighting back, or escaping when caught. The first line of defence consists in avoiding detection, through mechanisms such as camouflage, Masquerade (biology), masquerade, apostatic selection, living underground, or nocturnality. Alternatively, prey animals may ward off attack, whether by advertising the presence of strong defences in aposematism, by mimicry, mimicking animals which do possess such defences, by deimatic behaviour, startling the attacker, by signalling theory, signalling to the predator that pursuit is not worthwhile, by distraction display, distraction, by using defensive structures such as spines, and by social animal, living in a group. Members of groups are at selfish herd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phobaeticus Chani Bragg, 2008; Holotype Female Dorsal View
''Phobaeticus'' is a genus of Asian stick insects comprising over 25 species. The genus includes some of the world's longest insects. Some species of ''Phobaeticus'' were formerly included in the genus '' Pharnacia'' instead (e.g. '' Phobaeticus serratipes'' was known as ''Pharnacia serratipes''). Species # '' Phobaeticus annamallayanus'' (Wood-Mason, 1877) #'' Phobaeticus chani'' Bragg, 2008 # '' Phobaeticus decoris'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # '' Phobaeticus foliatus'' (Bragg, 1995) #'' Phobaeticus grubaueri'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # '' Phobaeticus hypharpax'' (Westwood, 1859) # '' Phobaeticus incertus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # '' Phobaeticus ingens'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # '' Phobaeticus kirbyi'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # '' Phobaeticus lobulatus'' (Carl, 1913) # '' Phobaeticus lumawigi'' Brock, 1998 # '' Phobaeticus magnus'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # '' Phobaeticus mjobergi'' (Günther, 1935) #'' Phobaeticus monicachiae'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus palawanensis ''P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giant Stick Insect (Phobaeticus Serratipes) On Sylvain (8727651923)
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: ''wiktionary:gigas, gigas'', cognate wiktionary:giga-, giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word ''giant'' is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester (historian), Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the ''Giants (Greek mythology), Gigantes'' () of Greek mythology. Fairy tales such as ''Jack the Giant Killer'' have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent Ogre, ogres, sometimes said to eat humans, while other giants tend to eat livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly. Literary and cultural analysis Giants appear many times in folklore and myths. Representing the human body enlarged to the point of being monstrous, giants evoke terror and remind humans of their body's frailty and mortality. They are ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androgenesis
Androgenesis is a system of asexual reproduction that requires the presence of eggs and occurs when a zygote is produced with only paternal nuclear genes. During standard sexual reproduction, one female parent and one male parent each produce haploid gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell, each containing only a single set of chromosomes), which recombine to create offspring with genetic material from both parents. However, in androgenesis, there is no recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomes, and only the paternal chromosomes are passed down to the offspring. (The inverse of this is gynogenesis, where only the maternal chromosomes are inherited, which is more common than androgenesis). The offspring produced in androgenesis will still have maternally inherited mitochondria, as is the case with most sexually reproducing species. One of two things can occur to produce offspring with exclusively paternal genetic material: the maternal nuclear genome can be eliminated fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthenogenic
Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek + ) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which the embryo develops directly from an egg without need for fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. In plants, parthenogenesis is a component process of apomixis. In algae, parthenogenesis can mean the development of an embryo from either an individual sperm or an individual egg. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some plants, algae, invertebrate animal species (including nematodes, some tardigrades, water fleas, some scorpions, aphids, some mites, some bees, some Phasmatodea, and parasitic wasps), and a few vertebrates, such as some fish, amphibians, and reptiles. This type of reproduction has been induced artificially in animal species that naturally reproduce through sex, including fish, amphibians, and mice. Normal egg cells form in the process of meiosis and are haploid, with half as many chromosomes as their mother' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek wikt:νύμφα, νύμφα ''nūmphē'' meaning "bride") is the juvenile (organism), juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (biology), metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage. Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph ecdysis, moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars. Taxa with nymph stages Many species of Arthropod, arthropods have nymph stages. This includes the insect orders such as Orthoptera (cricket (insect), crickets, grasshoppers and locusts), Hemiptera (cicadas, shield bugs, Whitefly, whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, froghoppers, treehoppers), mayfly, mayflies, termites, cockroaches, mantises, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called partial metamorphosis and paurometabolism,McGavin, George C. ''Essential Entomology: An Order-by-Order Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp. 20. is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often has a thin exoskeleton and resembles the adult stage but lacks wings and functional reproductive organs. The hemimetabolous insects differ from ametabolous taxa in that the one and only adult instar undergoes no further moulting. Orders All insects of the Pterygota except Holometabola belong to hemimetabolous orders: * Hemiptera (scale insects, aphids, whitefly, cicadas, leafhoppers, and true bugs) * Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets) * Mantodea (praying mantises) * Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) * Dermaptera (earwigs) * Odonata (dragonflies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones immediately to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° to 40° north and south. The horse latitudes lie within this range. Subtropical climates are often characterized by hot summers and mild winters with infrequent frost. Most subtropical climates fall into two basic types: humid subtropical (Köppen climate classification: Cfa/Cwa), where rainfall is often concentrated in the warmest months, for example Southeast China and the Southeastern United States, and dry summer or Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa/Csb), where seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the cooler months, such as the Mediterranean Basin or Southern California. Subtropical climates can also occur at high elevations within the tropics, such as in the southern end of the Mexican Plateau an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's axial tilt; the width of the tropics (in latitude) is twice the tilt. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). Due to the overhead sun, the tropics receive the most solar energy over the course of the year, and consequently have the highest temperatures on the planet. Even when not directly overhead, the sun is still close to overhead throughout the year, therefore the tropics also have the lowest seasonal variation on the planet; "winter" and "summer" lose their temperature contrast. Instead, seasons are more commonly divided by precipitation variations than by temperature variations. The tropics maintain wide diversity of local climates, such as rain forests, monsoons, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual Climate of Antarctica#Precipitation, precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the Lowest temperature recorded on Earth, lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phobaeticus
''Phobaeticus'' is a genus of Asian stick insects comprising over 25 species. The genus includes some of the List of largest insects#Stick insects (Phasmatodea), world's longest insects. Some species of ''Phobaeticus'' were formerly included in the genus ''Pharnacia'' instead (e.g. ''Phobaeticus serratipes'' was known as ''Pharnacia serratipes''). Species # ''Phobaeticus annamallayanus'' (Wood-Mason, 1877) #''Phobaeticus chani'' Bragg, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus decoris'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus foliatus'' (Bragg, 1995) #''Phobaeticus grubaueri'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # ''Phobaeticus hypharpax'' (Westwood, 1859) # ''Phobaeticus incertus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # ''Phobaeticus ingens'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # ''Phobaeticus kirbyi'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # ''Phobaeticus lobulatus'' (Carl, 1913) # ''Phobaeticus lumawigi'' Brock, 1998 # ''Phobaeticus magnus'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus mjobergi'' (Günther, 1935) #''Phobaeticus monicachiae'' Seow-Choen, 2016 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
