|
Pertusariales
The Pertusariales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes, comprising 8 family (biology), families, 31 genera, and over 600 species, many of which form lichens. This diverse group is characterized by complex taxonomy (biology), taxonomic history and ongoing phylogenetic revisions. Originally proposed by Maurice Choisy in 1949 and later formally published by the lichenologists David L. Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson in 1986, Pertusariales has undergone significant reclassification due to molecular phylogenetics studies. The order includes well-known genera such as ''Pertusaria'' and ''Ochrolechia'', as well as families like Megasporaceae and Icmadophilaceae. Pertusariales species exhibit a wide range of morphology (biology), morphological features and ecological roles, from non-lichenized fungi to various forms of lichen symbioses. The order's taxonomy has been subject to considerable debate and revision, with recent research leading to the establishment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochrolechia
''Ochrolechia'' is the sole genus in the fungus, fungal family Ochrolechiaceae. It comprises about 40 species of crustose lichens. These lichens typically form uneven, often thick, crust-like growths on various surfaces and are characterised by their white to pale grey thallus, thalli, which may have a greenish tint. The genus has a long evolutionary history, with fossils dating back to the Paleogene period, about 34 million years ago. ''Ochrolechia'' species have disc-like apothecia (fruiting bodies), which are usually yellowish or brownish-pink and often covered with a fine white powdery coating. The genus is widely distributed and includes both common and rare species, with some found in extreme environments such as arctic and alpine regions. ''Ochrolechia'' lichens produce diverse secondary metabolites, including orcinol depsides, depsidones, and xanthones. Taxonomy Genus ''Ochrolechia'' was proposed by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. The fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megasporaceae
Megasporaceae are a family of fungi belonging to the order Pertusariales. Taxa are lichenized with green algae, and grow on rocks, often in maritime climates close to fresh water. Phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ... analysis has shown that this family is related to the Pertusariaceae, another family of lichens. The genus '' Aspicilia'' was moved here from the Hymeneliaceae. Genera Genera of this family include: * '' Aspicilia'' – ca. 200 spp. * '' Aspiciliella'' – 2 spp. * '' Circinaria'' – 31 spp. * '' Lobothallia'' – 17 spp. * '' Megaspora'' – 4 spp. * '' Oxneriaria'' – 9 spp. * '' Sagedia'' – 12 spp. * '' Teuvoa'' – 5 spp. References * Lichen families Taxa named by Helge Thorsten Lumbsch Taxa described in 1994 Lecan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochrolechiaceae
''Ochrolechia'' is the sole genus in the fungal family Ochrolechiaceae. It comprises about 40 species of crustose lichens. These lichens typically form uneven, often thick, crust-like growths on various surfaces and are characterised by their white to pale grey thalli, which may have a greenish tint. The genus has a long evolutionary history, with fossils dating back to the Paleogene period, about 34 million years ago. ''Ochrolechia'' species have disc-like apothecia (fruiting bodies), which are usually yellowish or brownish-pink and often covered with a fine white powdery coating. The genus is widely distributed and includes both common and rare species, with some found in extreme environments such as arctic and alpine regions. ''Ochrolechia'' lichens produce diverse secondary metabolites, including orcinol depsides, depsidones, and xanthones. Taxonomy Genus ''Ochrolechia'' was proposed by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. The family Ochrolechiace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pertusariaceae
The Pertusariaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. Taxonomy The family was formally circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1846. It contained the genera ''Pertusaria'' and ''Ochrolechia'' until ''Pertusaria'' was shown to be polyphyletic in a 2006 publication. The family Ochrolechiaceae was created to contain ''Ochrolechia''. In 2012, a proposal by Alexander Doweld sought to conserve the family name Pertusariaceae against Variolariaceae, citing the illegitimacy of Variolariaceae due to its association with the invalid generic name ''Variolaria'' Despite this, the proposal was deemed unnecessary by a vote as the taxonomy of the family, which includes genera like ''Pertusaria'' and ''Variolaria'', remains unsettled, and Variolariaceae was found to be an illegitimate name. Consequently, Pertusariaceae remains the valid and preferred family name. Genera , Species Fungorum includes 6 genera and 379 species in the Pertusari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varicellariaceae
''Varicellaria'' is a genus of crustose lichens. It is the only genus in the family Varicellariaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Varicellaria'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858, with '' Varicellaria microsticta'' assigned as the type species. The family Varicellariaceae, containing only the type genus ''Varicellaria'', was informally proposed by Brendan Hodkinson, Richard Harris, and James Lendemer in 2011. H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Steven Leavitt formally published the family in 2018. However, the taxon was not validly published because "an identifier issued by a recognized repository was not cited in the protologue", contrary to rules of botanical nomenclature. This nomenclatural oversight was rectified later the same year in a separate publication. Description Characteristics of the family Varicellariaceae are similar to those of its genus. These are: a crustose thallus, unicellular green algal photobionts from genus ''Trebouxia'', ascomata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccotremataceae
The Coccotremataceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. Species in this widely distributed family grow on bark or rocks, especially in maritime regions. Genera , Species Fungorum accepts 3 genera and 23 species, in the family Coccotremataceae. This is a list of the genera in the Coccotremataceae based on a 2020 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given ... (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Coccotrema'' – 16 spp. *'' Gyalectaria'' – 3 spp. *'' Parasiphula'' – 7 spp. References Pertusariales Lichen fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcaliciaceae
''Microcalicium'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Microcaliciaceae. These taxa were circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1927, with '' Microcalicium disseminatum'' assigned as the type species. Description Species of ''Microcalicium'' have a mazaediate ascomata (an irregularly spherical fruiting body in which ascus walls break down to leave a dry, loose, amorphous, powdery, often dark, mass of spores together with disintegrating asci and paraphyses). Their asci are ellipsoid in shape and non-amyloid. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ... accepts the following five species in the genus ''Microcalicium'': *'' Microcalicium ahlneri'' *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agyriaceae
The Agyriaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Pertusariales. It contains two genera: '' Agyrium'', and '' Miltidea''. The family was circumscribed by August Carl Joseph Corda in 1838. In 2018, using a molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... approach coupled with a technique known as "temporal banding", Kraichak and colleagues proposed to fold the family Miltideaceae into the Agyriaceae. A close genetic relationship between these two families had previously been noted. The proposal to subsume Miltideaceae into the Agyriaceae was accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal banding technique for fungal classification. References Pertusariales Lichen families Lecanoromycetes families Taxa named by August Carl Joseph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icmadophilaceae
The Icmadophilaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. The family was circumscribed in 1993 by the mycologist Dagmar Treibel. It contains 9 genera and 35 species. Description Icmadophilaceae species are usually crust-like to shrub-like in form. Their partner is , which is crucial for their survival. Their apothecia (fruiiting bodies) are typically in form, meaning they have a light-coloured (not ) margin, and are often pink in colour. Some may have stalk-like structures, referred to as . Within these reproductive structures, Icmadophilaceae lichens have unbranched filaments called paraphyses, which are amyloid. The asci, or spore sacs, in these lichens are thin-walled and lack a thickened top section (apical ) but have a thin, amyloid cap at their tips. They are typically cylindrical in shape. Each ascus typically contains eight spores. These spores come in various shapes – ellipsoid, oblong, (spindle-shaped), to cutriform (knife-shaped) � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pertusaria
''Pertusaria'' is a large genus of warty crustose lichen, crustose lichens in the Pertusariaceae family.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The fruiting bodies are usually modified apothecia that immersed in warts on the main body (thallus) with small holes for the spores to emerge, similar to ostioles, or are fully above and lecanorine (spore bearing discs surrounded by a ring of tissue similar to the tissue of the thallus. Members of the genus are List of common names of lichen genera, commonly called wart lichens. The widespread genus contains over 500 species. Classification in the large genus relies heavily on thallus chemistry to distinguish and classify species, some of which differ only in the presence or absence of a single secondary metabolite, secondary chemical. Lichexanthone, norlichexanthone, and their chlorinated derivatives are common in this genus. Selected species * ''Pertusaria amara'' * ''Pertusaria californic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pertusaria Pertusa
''Pertusaria pertusa'' is a species of fungus A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ... belonging to the family Pertusariaceae. It is native to Eurasia and Southern Africa. References pertusa Lichen species {{Pertusariales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
