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Penner River
Penna (also known as Pinakini, Penneru, Penner, Pennar, Pennai) is a river of southern India. After originating from Nandi hills, it flows as two different streams, one in North and South directions. The Penna rises in the Nandi Hills in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka state, and runs north and east through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to empty into bay of bengal in Andhra Pradesh. It is long, with a drainage basin covering 55,213 km2: 6,937 km2 in Karnataka and 48,276 km2 in Andhra Pradesh. Along with this main stream there is another stream south towards Tamilnadu with the name Then Pennai or south Pennar which further moves towards the east to empty into the Bay of Bengal. The Penna river basin lies in the rain shadow region of Eastern Ghats and receives 500 mm average rainfall annually. Etymology Since the river flows in two streams, both North and South directions, it forms the shape of bow. Thus this river gets the name of bow ...
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India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ...
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Kadapa
Kadapa is a city in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the Rayalaseema region, and is the district headquarters of YSR Kadapa district. It is located south of the Penna River. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Nallamala and Palkonda Hills lying on the tectonic landscape between the Eastern and Western ghats. Black and red ferrous soils occupy the region. The city is nicknamed "Gadapa" ('threshold') since it is the gateway from the west to the hills of Tirumala. Kadapa has been under different rulers in its history, including the Cholas, the Vijayanagara Empire and Kingdom of Mysore. Etymology The city's name originated from the Telugu language, Telugu word "Gadapa" meaning threshold or gate. It acquired this name with its relation to the Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala; one had to pass through this city in the olden days to reach Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala. In Telugu, the word Gadapa means a threshold and over time, the name evolved i ...
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Chikballapur District
Chikkaballāpura district is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. On 23 August 2007, it was carved out of the pre-existing Kolar district, which was the fourth largest district (before bifurcation) of Karnataka, by moving the talukas of Gauribidanur, Gudibanda, Bagepalli, Chikballapur, Manchenahalli, Chelur, Sidlaghatta and Chintamani into the new district. Kannada is the official language. The town of Chikballapur is the district headquarters and a key transport link in the North Bangalore area. The north-south six-lane National Highway (NH44) as well as the East-West Highway 69 go through the district. A rail line runs north from Bangalore to the town of Chikballapur, east past Doddaganjur to Srinivaspur and south to the town of Kolar. Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple (also spelt "Bhoga Nandishwara" or "Bhoga Nandishvara") is a Hindu temple located in Nandi village, at the base of Nandi Hills (or Nandidurga) in the Chikkaballapur district of Karna ...
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Nandi Hills, India
Nandi Hills (Anglicised forms include ''Nandidurg'' and ''Nandydoorg'') is an ancient hill fortress built by Ganga Dynasty in the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state. It is now a locality situated 10 km from Chickballapur town and approximately 60 km from Bengaluru. The hills are near the town Nandi. In traditional belief, the hills are the origin of the Arkavathy river, Ponnaiyar River, Palar River, Papagni River and Penna River. Watching the sunrise at Nandi Hills is popular with tourists. The second SAARC summit was held at Nandi Hills in 1986. Etymology There are many stories about the origin of the name Nandi Hills. During the Chola period, Nandi Hills was called Anandagiri meaning The Hill of Happiness. It is also perhaps called Nandi Hills because the hills resemble a sleeping bull. It is also said that the Yoga Nandeeshwara performed penance here after whom the place is named. Another theory holds that the hill gets its name from an ancient, 1300-year ...
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Cheyyeru River
Cheyyeru in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh is a tributary of the Penneru river. Course The Cheyyeru is formed by the confluence of the rivers Bahuda and Puncha that originate in Andhra Pradesh. The two streams join at Rayavaram to form the Cheyyeru which then flows for 87 km before joining the Penneru as a right bank tributary at Gundlamada in the Sidhout taluk of Kadapa district, draining a total area of 7,325 km2. The Gunjana river is a tributary of the Cheyyeru and along the Gunjana valley several paleolithic settlements have been discovered. There are several gorges on the river including one after the confluence of its headstreams and the Balarajupalle gorge. The Cheyair series of rocks in the Cudappah rock system of the Eastern Ghats, consisting largely of shales, is named after the Cheyyeru river. Waterworks The Cheyyeru project comprising the 409 metre long Annamayya earthen dam that provides irrigation facilities to its catchment z ...
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Papagni River
Papagni River is a non-perennial, inter-state river in southern India that flows through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is a right bank tributary of the Pennar river. Etymology ''Pāpāgni'' is a compound of the words ''pāpa'' (meaning sin) and ''agni'' (meaning fire). According to legend a king who once killed an innocent tribal chieftain of the Chenchus, who live in this region, was afflicted by leprosy as punishment for his sin. He was supposedly cured of the affliction only after he undertook penance in the Papagni valley and took a dip in the river upon which the river is said to have turned his sins to ashes thus acquiring for itself the name ''Pāpāgni''. Course The Papagni originates in the Nandi Hills of Chikkaballapur district in Karnataka. It is a non-perennial river that is rainfed with its basin receiving 60–80 cm of rainfall annually. It traverses through a region of granitic deposits and red soil that is frequently affected by soil e ...
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Chitravathi River
The Chitravathi is an inter-state river in southern India that is a tributary of the Penna River. Rising in Karnataka, it flows into Andhra Pradesh and its basin covers an area of over 5,900 km2. The pilgrim town of Puttaparthi is located on its banks. Course Chitravathi river originates at Chikkaballapur and flows through the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka before entering Andhra Pradesh where it drains the districts of Anantapur and Cuddapah before joining the Penna river. The Chitravathi river basin covers an area of 5,908 km2. The mandals that it drains in the two states are Bagepalli, Gorantla, Hindupur, Puttaparthi, Bukkapatnam, Dharmavaram, Tadipatri and Mudigubba. The river joins the Penna at Gandikota in Kadapa district where the Gandikota irrigation project is being undertaken by the Government of Andhra Pradesh as part of its Jalayagnam project. Chitravathi is a seasonal river that comes alive after the monsoons. Along with the Papagni, it fo ...
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Sagileru
Sagileru is a river in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh that is a tributary of the Pennar. Sagileru basin The Sagileru river valley lies between the Velikonda and Nallamala hills and has a north-south orientation. The river basin contains red, black and loamy soils and both wet and dry irrigated crops are grown in this region with bajra, ragi, jowar, groundnuts and vegetables belonging to the latter category. Waterworks The Upper and Lower Sagileru projects are medium irrigation projects on the river and are located in the B.Kodur and Kalasapadu mandals of Kadapa district YSR Kadapa district is one of the twenty six districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. In the 2022 reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts, the district boundary was largely restricted to the Kadapa parliamentary constituency area. .... Besides these there are several lift irrigation and minor irrigation works on the river. The Telugu Ganga canal project aims to enhance t ...
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Kundu River
The Kundu River also known as ''Kunderu'', ''Kumudvathi'' is a tributary of the Penna River in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Originating as a spring near the village of Uppalapadu in Orvakal Mandal of Kurnool District, it goes through many changes before merging with the Penna at kamalapuram of Kadapa District. It is known for frequent floods that bring heavy damage to the Nandyal and Koilkuntla areas, and hence it is popularly called the "Sorrow of Nandyal." But nowadays Nandyal town became a big town with huge population so that the drainage water is discharged to the Kundu river without prior treatment. Industrialists focused their vision at more and more profits and they polluted the river to the maximum extent. The villagers who are living at down flow of the river from Nandyala are suffering with different skin diseases. The pollution impacts even animals health too. In ancient times this river was known as the Kumudvathi. There is a saying in Rayalas ...
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Utukuru
Utukuru is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th .... It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division. Demographics According to 2011 census of India, there are a total of 2,068 households. The population is 7,633, with 3,845 males and 3,788 females. Out of the total population, 4,268 are literate, and 3,365 are illiterate. The workforce consists of 4,362 individuals. References {{NTR district Villages in NTR district ...
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Bay Of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region. Many South Asian and Southeast Asian Countries of the Bay of Bengal, countries are dependent on the Bay of Bengal. Geopolitically, the bay is bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between Sangaman Kanda, Sri Lanka, and the northwesternmost point of Sumatra, Indonesia. Cox's Bazar Beach, Cox's Bazar, the longest sea beach in the world and Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest and the natural habitat of the Bengal tiger, are located along the bay. The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of . A number of large rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal: the Ganges–Hooghly River, Hooghly, the Padma River, Padma, the Brahmaputra River, Brahmaputr ...
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Nandi Hills, Karnataka
Nandi Hills (Anglicised forms include ''Nandidurg'' and ''Nandydoorg'') is an ancient hill fortress built by Ganga Dynasty in the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state. It is now a locality situated 10 km from Chickballapur town and approximately 60 km from Bengaluru. The hills are near the town Nandi. In traditional belief, the hills are the origin of the Arkavathy river, Ponnaiyar River, Palar River, Papagni River and Penna River. Watching the sunrise at Nandi Hills is popular with tourists. The second SAARC summit was held at Nandi Hills in 1986. Etymology There are many stories about the origin of the name Nandi Hills. During the Chola period, Nandi Hills was called Anandagiri meaning The Hill of Happiness. It is also perhaps called Nandi Hills because the hills resemble a sleeping bull. It is also said that the Yoga Nandeeshwara performed penance here after whom the place is named. Another theory holds that the hill gets its name from an ancient, 1300-y ...
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