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Ostraciidae
Ostraciidae or Ostraciontidae is a family of squared, Actinopterygii, bony fish belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, closely related to the pufferfishes and filefishes. Fish in the family are known variously as boxfishes, cofferfishes, cowfishes and trunkfishes. It contains about 23 extant species in 6 extant genera. Taxonomy Ostraciidae was first proposed as a family in 1810 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. In the past this grouping was regarded as a subfamily, the Ostraciinae, along with the subfamily Aracaninae, of a wider Ostraciidae. However, recent Phylogenetics, phylogenetic studies have concluded that the families Aracanidae and Ostraciidae are valid families but that they are part of the same clade, the suborder Ostracioidei. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this clade as the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology Ostraciidae takes its name from its type genus, ''Ostracion'', a name which means " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostracion Cubicus
The yellow boxfish (''Ostracion cubicum'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in reefs throughout the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well as the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, although since 2011 it has also been occasionally recorded in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea which it likely entered via the Suez Canal. The species is present in the aquarium trade. They are known for their cuboid body shape, bright yellow and black spotted coloration, and the secretion of a toxic mucus when threatened. Taxonomy The yellow boxfish was first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' published in 1758 with its type locality given as India. The classification of O. ''cubicum'' was at first debated. Carl Linnaeus used both the names O. ''cubicum'' and O. ''tuberculatum'' in order to describe the yellow boxfish. Because of the scarcity of comprehensive descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Boxfish
The yellow boxfish (''Ostracion cubicum'') is a species of Marine life, marine Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in reefs throughout the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well as the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, although since 2011 it has also been occasionally recorded in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea which it likely entered via the Suez Canal. The species is present in the aquarium trade. They are known for their cuboid body shape, bright yellow and black spotted coloration, and the secretion of a toxic mucus when threatened. Taxonomy The yellow boxfish was first formally Species description, described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' published in 1758 with its Type locality (biology), type locality given as India. The classification of O. ''cubicum'' was at first debated. Carl Linnaeus used both the names O. ''cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostracioidei
Ostracioidea or Ostracioidei, the boxfishes, is a suborder of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Order (biology), order Tetraodontiformes, which also includes the pufferfishes, filefishes and triggerfishes. The fishes in this taxon are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Taxonomy Ostracioidea was named in 1810 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, and has been regarded as a family with the two extant families being regarded as subfamilies. However, recent Phylogenetics, phylogenetic studies have concluded that the families Aracanidae and Ostraciidae are valid families but that they are part of the same clade. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this clade as the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology Ostracioidea takes its name from the type genus, ''Ostracion'', of the family Ostraciidae. This name was proposed by Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus in 1758 and means "little box" an allusion to the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontiformes (), also known as the Plectognathi, is an order of ray-finned fishes which includes the pufferfishes and related taxa. This order has been classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes, although recent studies have found that it, as the Tetraodontoidei, is a sister taxon to the anglerfish order Lophiiformes, called Lophiodei, and have placed both taxa within the Acanthuriformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at around 430 species overall. The majority of the species within this order are marine but a few may be found in freshwater. They are found throughout the world. Taxonomy Tetraodontiformes is a name first used for this order in 1940 by Lev Berg, the order was originally proposed in 1817 as the "''Les Plectognathes''", the Plectognathi. Cuvier divided this into two families ''"Les Gymnodontes"'' and ''"Les Sclerodermes"''. In 1940 Berg first used the term Tetraodontiformes for this order and this name is the curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactophrys
''Lactophrys'' is a genus of Marine life, marine Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. The boxfishes in this genus are found in the western Atlantic Ocean and are known as trunkfishes. Taxonomy ''Lactophrys'' was first proposed in 1839 as a subgenus of ''Tetrosomus'' by the British zoologist William Swainson. In 1865 Pieter Bleeker designated ''Ostracion trigonus'' as the type species of this taxon. ''O. trigonus'' has been first formally Species description, described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758, the Type locality (biology), type locality was mistakenly given as India when it is actually the Western Atlantic. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the Order (biology), order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology ''Lactophrys'' is a compound of ''lactaria'', meaning a "milkcow", and ''oph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrawled Cowfish
The scrawled cowfish (''Acanthostracion quadricornis'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy The scrawled cowfish was first formally described as ''Ostracion quadricornis'' by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, published in 1758. Linnaeus erroneously gave the type locality of this species as "India". In 1865 Pieter Bleeker proposed a new subgenus of '' Ostracion'' which he called '' Acanthostracion''. Bleeker did not designate a type species when he first used the name in his paper, but he designated ''Ostracion quadricornis'' as the type species later that year when he published his ''Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientalis Neerlandais''. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the genus ''Acanthostracion'' within the family Ostraciidae, in the suborder Ostracioidea, within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology The scrawled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactophrys Trigonus
''Lactophrys trigonus'', the buffalo trunkfish or trunkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. The buffalo trunkfish is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy ''Lactophrys trigonus'' was first formally described as ''Ostracion trigonus'' in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae with its type locality given as the Western Atlantic. In 1839 William Swainson proposed a new subgenus of '' Ostracion'' he called '' Lactophrys'' and in 1865 Pieter Bleeker designated this species, ''O. trigonus'' as the type species of ''Lactophrys''. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the genus ''Lactophrys'' within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology ''Lactophrys trigonus'' is a member of the genus ''Lactophrys'', a name which is a compound of ''lactaria'', meaning a "milkcow", and ''ophrys'', meaning "eyebrow", a reference to the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aracanidae
Aracanidae, the deep sea boxfishes or temperate boxfishes, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonong to the order Tetraodontiformes, which also includes the pufferfishes, triggerfishes and ocean sunfishes. The fishes in this family are found in the Indo-West Pacific region, particularly in the waters around Australia. Taxonomy ''Aracanidae'' was first proposed as a family in 1860 by the Swiss-born French biologist Henri Louis Gabriel Marc Hollard. In the past this taxon was regarded as a subfamily of the Ostraciidae. However, recent phylogenetic studies have concluded that the families Aracanidae and Ostraciidae are valid families but that they are part of the same clade, the suborder Ostracioidei. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this clade as the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Genera Aracanidae contains the following six extant and single extinct genera: means extinct. Etymology Aracanidae takes its name from its ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahutoxin
Pahutoxin, formerly called ostracitoxin, is a neurotoxin present in the mucous secretions of boxfish ( Ostraciidae) skin, while under stress. It is an ichthyotoxic, hemolytic, nonpeptide (which is relatively unusual, although similar to tetrodotoxin in this way) toxin. It is heat-stable and non- dialyzable, that is, foamed in aqueous solutions, and is toxic to various biological systems. It is unique among known fish poisons. It is toxic to other boxfish as well and looks like red tide and sea cucumber Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class (biology), class Holothuroidea ( ). They are benthic marine animals found on the sea floor worldwide, and the number of known holothuroid species worldwide is about 1,786, with the greatest number be ... toxins in general properties. Although it is not recommended, it is a growing trend to keep boxfish in a home aquarium. Members of the family Ostraciidae secrete an ichthyotoxic mucus from their skin when stressed or disturbed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the Host (biology), host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from Scavenger, scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with Herbivore, herbivory, as Seed predation, seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behavior varies significantly depending on the organism. Many predators, especially carnivores, have evolved distinct hunting strategy, hunting strategies. Pursuit predation involves the active search for and pursuit of prey, whilst ambush predation, ambush predators instead wait for prey to present an opportunity for capture, and often use stealth or aggressive mimicry. Other predators are opportunism, opportunistic or om ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. At in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), the Pacific Ocean is the largest division of the World Ocean and the hydrosphere and covers approximately 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area ().Pacific Ocean . ''Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica Concise.'' 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The centers of both the Land and water hemispheres, water hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, as well as the Pole of inaccessi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse colonization of North America, Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 that proved to be the most consequential. Columbus's expedition ushered in an Age of Discovery, age of exploration and colonization of the Americas by European powers, most notably Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
