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Onomastics
Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use. An ''alethonym'' ('true name') or an ''orthonym'' ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onomastic study. Scholars studying onomastics are called ''onomasticians''. Onomastics has applications in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within populations and for the purpose of prosopography. Etymology ''Onomastics'' originates from the Greek (), itself derived from (). Branches * Toponymy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper na ... (or more precisely to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Name Society
The American Name Society (ANS) is a non-profit organization founded in 1951 to promote onomastics, the study of names and naming practices, both in the United States and abroad. The organization investigates cultural insights, settlement history, and linguistic characteristics revealed in names. The ANS runs an annual conference for name scholars and enthusiasts, and it is the largest scholarly society dedicated to "the investigation of names and how they develop". Since 1952, the ANS has produced the journal ''Names''. Since its very first issue in 1952, this scientific quarterly has continually published original articles, notes, and book reviews that investigate the derivation, function, and impact of names and naming in North America and around the world. The American Dialect Society was the parent organization of ANS. It has also been associated with the Modern Language Association.Leonard R. N. Ashley (2002) The American Name Society: The First Fifty Years, Names, 50:1, 63- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socio-onomastics
Socio-onomastics is the study of names through a sociolinguistic lens, and is part of the broader topic of onomastics. Socio-onomastics 'examines the use and variety of names through methods that demonstrate the social, cultural, and situational conditions in name usage'. As a discipline, it aims to explore 'the social origin and use of different variants of proper names within various situations and contexts', including both place names and personal names. The term stems from the German ''Sozioonomastik'' and, first emerging among German thinkers in the early 1970s, it is a much younger subdiscipline of onomastics than many others (e.g. toponymy). Research can be contemporary, with data collected through surveys and ethnographical inquiry of modern societies and communities, or historical, based on historical written sources. Methodologically speaking, socio-onomastics focuses on synchronic variation of names over time and space - why are some names given and others not, why are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
-onym
The suffix ''-onym'' (from ) is a bound morpheme, that is attached to the end of a root word, thus forming a new compound word that designates a particular ''class'' of names. In linguistic terminology, compound words that are formed with suffix ''-onym'' are most commonly used as designations for various onomastic classes. Most onomastic terms that are formed with suffix ''-onym'' are classical compounds, whose word roots are taken from classical languages (Greek and Latin). For example, onomastic terms like toponym and linguonym are typical classical (or neoclassical) compounds, formed from suffix ''-onym'' and classical (Greek and Latin) root words ( / place; / language). In some compounds, the ''-onym'' morpheme has been modified by replacing (or dropping) the "o". In the compounds like '' ananym'' and '' metanym'', the correct forms ('' anonym'' and ''metonym'') were pre-occupied by other meanings. Other, late 20th century examples, such as ''hypernym'' and '' charactern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Named-entity Recognition
Named-entity recognition (NER) (also known as (named) entity identification, entity chunking, and entity extraction) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify named entities mentioned in unstructured text into pre-defined categories such as person names (PER), organizations (ORG), locations (LOC), geopolitical entities (GPE), vehicles (VEH), medical codes, time expressions, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc. Most research on NER/NEE systems has been structured as taking an unannotated block of text, such as transducing: into an annotated block of text that highlights the names of entities: In this example, a person name consisting of one token, a two-token company name and a temporal expression have been detected and classified. Problem Definition In the expression '' named entity'', the word ''named'' restricts the task to those entities for which one or many strings, such as words or phrases, stand (fairly) consistentl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society For Name Studies In Britain And Ireland
The Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland (SNSBI) is a registered charity and a learned society of members with interests in proper names, including place-names, personal names, and surnames relating to the British Isles. The SNSBI is the successor to the Council for Name Studies in Great Britain and Ireland, which was set up in the 1960s to bring together scholars who were working in the field of onomastics in the British Isles. As a result, the SNSBI was formally inaugurated in November 1991. The SNSBI publishes the journal ''Nomina''. It holds a day conference each autumn, as well as an annual weekend conference in spring. It has a website which provides details of past and future events, and of the articles in past issues of ''Nomina''. The SNSBI awards an annual essay prize to a student or early-career researcher. See also *Onomastics Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use. An ''aleth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Council Of Onomastic Sciences
The International Council of Onomastic Sciences (ICOS) is an international academic organization of scholars with a special interest in onomastics, the scientific study of names (e.g. place-names, personal names, and proper names of all other kinds). The official languages of ICOS are English, French, and German. Work of the scholars of ICOS Members research: * the origin and history of names, * the personal name-systems used by different cultures, * the demographic patterns of names in different societies, * the use and significance of names of characters in literature, * brand-name creation, * many related topics in the naming of persons, places, institutions, works of art, and other miscellaneous objects. They are also involved in practical projects such as the international standardization of geographical names. One of the aims of ICOS, unlike many national societies for name-study, is the advancement, representation and co-ordination of name-research on an inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthroponymy
Anthroponymy (also anthroponymics or anthroponomastics, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος ''anthrōpos'', 'human', and ὄνομα ''onoma'', 'name') is the study of ''anthroponyms'', the proper names of human beings, both individual and collective. Anthroponymy is a branch of onomastics. Researchers in the field of anthroponymy are called ''anthroponymists''. Since the study of anthroponyms is relevant for several other disciplines within social sciences and humanities, experts from those disciplines engage in anthroponymic studies, including researchers from the fields of anthropology, history, human geography, sociology, prosopography, and genealogy. Anthroponymists follow certain principles, rules and criteria when researching anthroponyms. The methods used for research are divided into two major categories: the collecting of anthroponymic information and the analysis and interpretation of anthroponyms. The collection of anthroponymic information includes: inscriptions, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek Personal Names
The study of ancient Greek personal names is a branch of onomastics, the study of names, and more specifically of anthroponomastics, the study of names of persons. There are hundreds of thousands and even millions of individuals whose Greek name are on record; they are thus an important resource for any general study of naming, as well as for the study of ancient Greece itself. The names are found in literary texts, on coins and stamped amphora handles, on potsherds used in ostracisms, and, much more abundantly, in inscriptions and (in Egypt) on papyri. This article will concentrate on Greek naming from the 8th century BC, when the evidence begins, to the end of the 6th century AD. Single names and names within families Ancient Greeks usually had one name, but another element was often added in semi-official contexts or to aid identification: a father's name (patronym) in the genitive case, or some regions as an adjectival formulation. A third element might be added, indicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etymology
Etymology ( ) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. In the 21st century a subfield within linguistics, etymology has become a more rigorously scientific study. Most directly tied to historical linguistics, philology, and semiotics, it additionally draws upon comparative semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and phonetics in order to attempt a comprehensive and chronological catalogue of all meanings and changes that a word (and its related parts) carries throughout its history. The origin of any particular word is also known as its ''etymology''. For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts, particularly texts about the language itself, to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods, how they developed in meaning and form, or when and how they entered the language. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proper Name
A proper noun is a noun that identifies a single entity and is used to refer to that entity (''Africa''; ''Jupiter''; ''Sarah''; ''Walmart'') as distinguished from a common noun, which is a noun that refers to a class of entities (''continent, planet, person, corporation'') and may be used when referring to instances of a specific class (a ''continent'', another ''planet'', these ''persons'', our ''corporation''). Some proper nouns occur in plural form (optionally or exclusively), and then they refer to ''groups'' of entities considered as unique (the ''Hendersons'', the '' Everglades'', the ''Azores'', the ''Pleiades''). Proper nouns can also occur in secondary applications, for example modifying nouns (the ''Mozart'' experience; his ''Azores'' adventure), or in the role of common nouns (he's no ''Pavarotti''; a few would-be ''Napoleons''). The detailed definition of the term is problematic and, to an extent, governed by convention. A distinction is normally made in current lingu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Group Of Experts On Geographical Names
The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the nine expert groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and deals with the national and international standardization of geographical names. Every five years it holds the UNGEGN conference. The UNGEGN also publishes international guidelines. History The question of standardizing geographical names was raised by the United Nations Cartographic Section of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in the late 1940s. After discussions in the 1950s and ECOSOC resolution 715A (XXVII) of 1959, the first meeting of a group of experts was convened in New York City in 1960. This group recommended that a UN Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names be held. In 1967 this took place in Geneva, with the confirmation that national standardization should be the basis of international standardization. Mandate and tasks The remit of UNGEGN is to deal with the probl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
