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Ochrophyta
Ochrophytes, also known as heterokontophytes or stramenochromes, are a phylum of algae. They are the photosynthetic stramenopiles, a group of eukaryotes, organisms with a cell nucleus, characterized by the presence of two unequal flagella, one of which has tripartite hairs called mastigonemes. In particular, they are characterized by photosynthetic organelles or plastids enclosed by four membranes, with membrane-bound compartments called thylakoids organized in piles of three, chlorophyll ''a'' and ''c'' as their photosynthetic pigments, and additional pigments such as β-carotene and xanthophylls. Ochrophytes are one of the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes, containing ecologically important algae such as brown algae and diatoms. They are classified either as phylum Ochrophyta, Heterokontophyta or as subphylum Ochrophytina withing phylum Gyrista. Their plastids are of red algal origin. Description Ochrophytes are eukaryotic organisms composed of cells that are either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picophagea
Picophagea, also known as Synchromophyceae, is a class of photosynthesis, photosynthetic stramenopiles. The chloroplast of the Synchromophyceae are surrounded by two membranes and arranged in a way where they share the outer pair of membranes. The entire chloroplast complex is surrounded by an additional two outer membranes. Evolution Synchromophyceae or Picophagea is a clade within the Ochrophyta that contains a few genera of amoeboid organisms such as the mixotrophic ''Synchromonas'' and the heterotrophic ''Chlamydomyxa'', ''Leukarachnion'' and ''Picophagus''. It is phylogenetically close to the classes Chrysophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae, within the SII clade. Taxonomy According to AlgaeBase, the class contains only two genera: * Class Picophagea [=Synchromophyceae ] ** Order Synchromales Horn & Ehlers 2007 *** Family Synchromaceae Schnetter & Ehlers 2007 **** Genus ''Synchroma'' Schnetter 2007 ** Order Chlamydomyxales *** Family Chlamydomyxaceae **** Genus ''Chlamydomyx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stramenopiles
The stramenopiles, also called heterokonts, are Protist, protists distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. In most species, the hairs are attached to flagella, in some they are attached to other areas of the cellular surface, and in some they have been secondarily lost (in which case relatedness to stramenopile ancestors is evident from other shared cytological features or from genetic similarity). Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, SAR Supergroup (biology), supergroup, along with Alveolate, Alveolata and Rhizaria. Stramenopiles are Eukaryote, eukaryotes; most are single-celled, but some are multicellular including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all Endosymbiont, endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid Heliozoa, and oomycetes. The tripartite hairs characteristic of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algae
Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as cyanobacteria, ''Chlorella'', and diatoms, to multicellular macroalgae such as kelp or brown algae which may grow up to in length. Most algae are aquatic organisms and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem, and phloem that are found in embryophyte, land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds. In contrast, the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a Division (taxonomy), division of green algae which includes, for example, ''Spirogyra'' and stoneworts. Algae that are carried passively by water are plankton, specifically phytoplankton. Algae constitute a Polyphyly, polyphyletic group because they do not include a common ancestor, and although Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olisthodiscophyceae
''Olisthodiscus'' is a genus of heterokont algae, present in marine or brackish waters. It is the only genus in the family Olisthodiscaceae, the order Olisthodiscales, and the class Olisthodiscophyceae. After a long history of controversial classifications, in 2021 it was recognized as a phylogenetically distinct lineage from the rest of ochrophyte classes. Description ''Olisthodiscus'' is a unicellular organism. Cells are rounded or pear-shaped, flattened and curved somewhat inwards. The cell membrane is covered in scales, fibrils, and bead-shaped protrusions; just underneat the plasma membrane are numerous vesicles. Cells have two flagella: one leads in front of the cell and is somewhat longer than the cell body, while the other trails behind and is equal in length to slightly shorter than the cell body. When swimming, ''Olisthodiscus'' glides along a substrate and does not rotate. Multiple plastids are present, and are parietally located; they contain pyrenoids. ''Olisthodiscu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeothamniophyceae
Phaeothamniophycidae is a subclass of heterokont algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular .... It contains two orders, Phaeothamniales and Pleurochloridellales, and consists of species separated from Chrysophyceae. Taxonomy * Order Pleurochloridellales ** Family Pleurochloridellaceae *** '' Pleurochloridella'' * Order Phaeothamniales ** Family Phaeothamniaceae Stichogloeaceae ; Chrysapiaceae*** '' Apistonema'' *** '' Chrysapion'' *** '' Chrysocapsopsis'' *** '' Chrysoclonium'' *** '' Chrysodesmis'' *** '' Chrysodictyon'' *** '' Koinopodion'' *** '' Nematochrysis'' *** '' Phaeogloea'' *** '' Phaeoschizochlamys'' *** '' Phaeothamnion'' *** '' Podochrysis'' *** '' Selenophaea'' *** '' Sphaeridiothrix'' *** '' Stichogloea'' *** '' Tetrachrysis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photosynthetic
Photosynthesis ( ) is a Biological system, system of biological processes by which Photoautotrophism, photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. ''Photosynthesis'' usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen, cellulose and starches. To use this stored chemical energy, an organism's cells metabolize the organic compounds through cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the atmospheric oxygen, oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and it supplies most of the biological energy necessary for complex life on Earth. Some bacteria also perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, which uses bacteriochlorophyll to split hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolidophyceae
Bolidophyceae is a class of photosynthetic heterokont picophytoplankton, and consist of less than 20 known species. They are distinguished by the angle of flagellar insertion and swimming patterns as well as recent molecular analyses. Bolidophyceae is the sister taxon to the diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). They lack the characteristic theca of the diatoms, and have been proposed as an intermediate group between the diatoms and all other heterokonts. Taxonomy * Class Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999 ** Order Parmales Booth & Marchant 1987 *** Family Pentalaminaceae Marchant 1987 **** Genus ''Pentalamina'' Marchant 1987 ***** Species ''Pentalamina corona'' Marchant 1987 *** Family Triparmaceae Booth & Marchant 1988 **** Genus ''Tetraparma'' Booth 1987 ***** Species ''Tetraparma catinifera, T. catinifera'' ***** Species ''Tetraparma gracilis, T. gracilis'' ***** Species ''Tetraparma insecta, T. insecta'' Bravo-Sierra & Hernández-Becerril 2003 ***** Species ''Tetraparma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeophyceae
Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, '' Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests that contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is '' Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. Some species, such as '' Ascophyllum nodosum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysomerophyceae
Chrysomerophyceae is a monotypic class of photosynthetic heterokont eukaryotes. Taxonomy * Class Chrysomerophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995 ** Order Chrysomeridales O'Kelly & Billard ex Preisig *** Family Chrysomeridaceae Bourrelly 1957 **** Genus '' Antarctosaccion'' Delépine 1970 **** Genus '' Chrysomeris'' Carter 1937 **** Genus '' Chrysowaernella'' Gayral & Lepailleur 1971 ex Gayral & Billard Billard may refer to: * Billard (surname), a list of people with the surname * French for the word ''Billiard''; see Billiard (other), Billiard * Établissements Billard, a French railway rolling stock construction company * Philip Billar ... 1977 **** Genus '' Giraudyopsis'' Dangeard 1965 **** Genus '' Rhamnochrysis'' R.T.Wilce & Markey **** Genus '' Tetrasporopsis'' Lemmermann ex Schmidle References External links {{Taxonbar, from=Q23070176, from2=Q25366603, from3=Q25366604 Ochrophyta Ochrophyte classes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelp Forest
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Although algal kelp forest combined with coral reefs only cover 0.1% of Earth's total surface, they account for 0.9% of global Primary production, primary productivity. Kelp forests occur worldwide throughout temperate and polar region, polar coastal oceans. In 2007, kelp forests were also discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador. Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique habitat for marine organisms and are a source for understanding many ecological processes. Over the last century, they have been the focus of extensive research, particularly in Trophic dynamics, trophic ecology, and continue to provoke important ideas that are relevant beyond this unique ecosystem. For example, kelp forests can infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphidophyceae
The raphidophytes, formally known as Raphidophycidae or Raphidophyceae (formerly referred to as Chloromonadophyceae and Chloromonadineae), are a small group of eukaryotic algae that includes both marine and freshwater species. All raphidophytes are unicellular, with large cells (50 to 100 μm), but no cell walls. Raphidophytes possess a pair of flagella, organised such that both originate from the same invagination (or gullet). One flagellum points forwards, and is covered in hair-like mastigonemes, while the other points backwards across the cell surface, lying within a ventral groove. Raphidophytes contain numerous ellipsoid chloroplasts, which contain chlorophylls a, c1 and c2. They also make use of accessory pigments including β-carotene and diadinoxanthin. Unlike other heterokontophytes, raphidophytes do not possess the photoreceptive organelle (or eyespot) typical of this group. In terms of ecology, raphidophytes occur as photosynthetic autotrophs across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
