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Mountaineering In Iran
Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right. Indoor climbing, sport climbing, and bouldering are also considered variants of mountaineering by some, but are part of a wide group of mountain sports. Unlike most sports, mountaineering lacks widely applied formal rules, regulations, and governance; mountaineers adhere to a large variety of techniques and philosophies (including grading and guidebooks) when climbing mountains. Numerous local alpine clubs support mountaineers by hosting resources and social activities. A federation of alpine clubs, the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA), is the International Olympic Committee-recognized world organization for mountaineering and climbing. The consequences of mountaineering on the natural env ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M Rainier
M, or m, is the thirteenth Letter (alphabet), letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several Languages of Europe, western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Letter names, ''em'' (pronounced ), plural ''ems''. History The letter M is derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician Mem via the Greek alphabet, Greek Mu (letter), Mu (Μ, μ). Semitic alphabets, Semitic Mem is most likely derived from a "Proto-Sinaitic script, Proto-Sinaitic" (Bronze Age) adoption of the N-water ripple (n hieroglyph), "water" ideogram in Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian writing. The Egyptian sign had the acrophonic value , from the Egyptian word for "water", ''nt''; the adoption as the Semitic letter for was presumably also on acrophonic grounds, from the Semitic languages, Semitic word for "water", '':wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/maʾ-, *mā(y)-''. Use in writing systems En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Millennium BC
File:4th millennium BC montage.jpg, 400x400px, From top left clockwise: The Temple of Ġgantija, one of the oldest freestanding structures in the world; Warka Vase; Bronocice pot with one of the earliest known depictions of a wheeled vehicle; Kish tablet, an example for proto-writing; Pharaoh Narmer is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt and is depicted as such in the Narmer Palette. rect 42 42 474 297 Ġgantija rect 534 27 813 670 Warka Vase rect 825 28 1246 320 Bronocice pot rect 33 426 490 625 Kish tablet rect 840 400 1260 700 Narmer Palette The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC. Some of the major changes in human culture during this time included the beginning of the Bronze Age and the invention of writing, which played a major role in starting recorded history. The Copper Age state societies, city states of Sumer and the (Predynastic) Kingdom of predynastic Egypt, Egypt were established and grew to prominence. Agriculture spread widely across Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andes
The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long and wide (widest between 18th parallel south, 18°S and 20th parallel south, 20°S latitude) and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from south to north through seven South American countries: Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depression (geology), depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, Mérida, Mérida, El Alto, and La Paz. The Altiplano, Altiplano Plateau is the world's second highest after the Tibetan Plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domjulien
Domjulien () is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan .... The town merged with Girovillers-sous-Montfort by decree dated December 13, 1972. See also * Communes of the Vosges department References Communes of Vosges (department) {{Vosges-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mont Aiguille
Mont Aiguille () is a mountain in the Vercors Massif of the French Prealps, located south of Grenoble, in the commune of Chichilianne, and the département of Isère. The mountain, known as one of the Seven Wonders of Dauphiné, is a relatively flat limestone mesa surrounded by steep cliffs. The mountain lies within an area designated in 1970 as the Vercors Regional Natural Park. Mont Aiguille's limestone cliffs, especially on the northwest side, are popular with climbers. Its first climb in 1492 was said to mark the birth of mountaineering. Topography and geography Mont Aiguille is a mesa eroded from the Vercors Plateau in the drainage basin of the Rhône. It is surrounded by steep cliffs and has a height of and a clean prominence of . The surrounding terrain is difficult enough to warrant a technical climb as the easiest method of ascent. The mountain is capped with meadows botanically similar to those on the Vercors High Plateau, but beneath the cliffs there are ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beklemeto Pass
Beklemeto Pass ( ), also known as Troyan Pass ( ), is a mountain pass in the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) in Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t .... It connects Troyan and Karnare on the Karlovo Plain. The pass is in north-central Bulgaria 20 km from the town of Troyan. The pass features a ski resort. The pass is on one of the main roads connecting northern and southern Bulgaria. This was the Roman ''Via Trayana'' (Trajan road), and some of the Roman remains can still be seen. North of the pass was the fortress of Ad Radices, south of it was Sub Radices, and at the pass was the crest station of Montemno (Monte Haemo), the foundation of which is still visible. Close to the pass there is a monument dedicated to the liberation struggle of the Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip V Of Macedon
Philip V (; 238–179 BC) was king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War (220–217 BC), Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First Macedonian War, First (212-205 BC) and Second Macedonian War, Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars. While he lost the latter, Philip later allied with Rome against Antiochus III the Great, Antiochus III in the Roman–Seleucid war, Roman-Seleucid War. He died in 179 BC from illness after efforts to recover the military and economic condition of Macedonia and passed the throne onto his elder son, Perseus of Macedon. Early life Philip was the son of Demetrius II of Macedon, and either Phthia of Macedon or Chryseis. Philip was nine years old when his father died in 229 BC. His elder paternal half-sister was Apama III. Philip's grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epistolae Familiares
''Epistolae familiares'' is the title of a collection of letters of Petrarch which he edited during his lifetime. He originally called the collection ''Epistolarum mearum ad diversos liber'' (''"a book of my letters to different people"'') but this was later shortened to the current title. Petrarch discovered the text of Cicero's letters in 1345, which gave him the idea to collect his own sets of letters. It wasn't until four or five years later however, that he actually got started. He collected his letter correspondence in two different time periods. They are referred to as ''Epistolae familiares'' and ''Seniles''. ''Epistolae familiares'' (a.k.a. ''Familiar Letters'') was largely collected during his stay in Provence about 1351 to 1353, however was not ultimately completed until 1359 when he was in Milan. Petrarch had this collection of letters copied onto parchment Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared Tanning (leather), untanned skins of anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Ventoux
Mont Ventoux (; ) is a mountain in the Provence region of southern France, located some northeast of Carpentras, Vaucluse. On the north side, the mountain borders the Departments of France, department of Drôme. At , it is the highest mountain in the region and has been nicknamed the "Beast of Provence", the "Giant of Provence", or "The Bald Mountain". It has gained fame through its inclusion in the Tour de France cycling race; in 2009 Tour de France, 2009 it was the scene of the first penultimate-day mountain top finish in the Tour de France, with Alberto Contador sealing his yellow jersey. As the name suggests (''venteux'' means windy in French language, French), it can get windy at the summit, especially with the ''Mistral (wind), mistral''; wind speeds as high as have been recorded. The wind blows at over for 240 days a year. The road over the mountain is often closed due to high winds, especially the ''col des tempêtes'' ("storm pass") just before the summit, which is kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascent Of Mont Ventoux
The Italian poet Petrarch wrote about his ascent of Mont Ventoux (in Provence; elevation 1912 meters) on 26 April 1336 in a well-known letter published as one of his '' Epistolae familiares'' (IV, 1). In this letter, written around 1350, Petrarch claimed to be the first person since antiquity to have climbed a mountain for the view. Although the historical accuracy of his account has been questioned by modern scholars, it is often cited in discussions of the new spirit of the Renaissance. Contents Petrarch's letter is addressed to his former confessor, Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. It says he ascended the mountain with his brother Gherardo and two servants exactly ten years after they had left Bologna. They began at the village of Malaucène at the foot of the mountain. On the way up, they met an old shepherd who said he had climbed the mountain some fifty years before, finding only rocks and brambles and that no one else had done it before or since. The brothers continued, Gher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; ; modern ), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest Renaissance humanism, humanists. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the . Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages (historiography), Dark Ages". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Untersberg
The Untersberg is the northernmost massif of the Berchtesgaden Alps, a prominent spur straddling the border between Berchtesgaden, Germany and Salzburg, Austria. The highest peak of the Table (landform), table-top mountain is the Berchtesgadener Hochthron, Berchtesgaden Hochthron at . The landmark gained international fame as the "distinctive, lopsided peak" featured at the beginning and end of the 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music (film), The Sound of Music'', although the filming was done on the German side, not the Austrian side. It was where Julie Andrews sang ''The Hills Are Alive'' at the opening scene and where the family climbed the mountain on their escape to Switzerland at the end of the film. The mountain also lends its name to an 1829 opera, ''Der Untersberg,'' by Johann Nepomuk von Poißl (1783–1865). Geography The Untersberg rises at the rim of the Northern Limestone Alps, immediately at the Salzburg Basin and the broad Salzach Valley. Neighbouring peaks are the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
