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Marathon, Greece
Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, ''Marathónas''; Ancient Greek, Attic/Katharevousa: , ''Marathṓn'') is a town in Greece and the site of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, in which the heavily outnumbered Classical Athens, Athenian army defeated the Persian Empire, Persians. Legend has it that Pheidippides, a Greek herald at the battle, was sent running from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, which is how the marathon running race was conceived in modern times. Today it is part of East Attica regional unit, in the outskirts of Athens and a popular resort town and center of agriculture. History The name "Marathon" () comes from the herb fennel, called ''márathon'' () or ''márathos'' () in Ancient Greek,. so ''Marathon'' literally means "a place full of fennel".. It is believed that the town was originally named so because of an abundance of fennel plants in the area. In ancient times, Marathon () occupied a small plain in the northeast of ancient Attic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attica (region)
Attica ( ; , ) is an administrative regions of Greece, administrative region of Greece, that encompasses the entire Athens metropolitan area, the core city of which is the country's capital city, capital and Cities of Greece, largest city, Athens. The region is coextensive with the former Attica Prefecture of Central Greece (geographic region), Central Greece and covers a greater area than the historical region of Attica. Overview Located on the eastern edge of Central Greece (geographic region), Central Greece, Attica covers about 3,808 square kilometres. In addition to Athens, it contains within its area the cities of Elefsina, Megara, Laurium, and Marathon, Greece, Marathon, as well as a small part of the Peloponnese peninsula and the islands of Salamis Island, Salamis, Aegina, Angistri, Poros, Hydra, Saronic Islands, Hydra, Spetses, Kythira, and Antikythera. About 3,790,000 people live in the region, of whom more than 95% are inhabitants of the Athens metropolitan area. In 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycenaean Greek
Mycenaean Greek is the earliest attested form of the Greek language. It was spoken on the Greek mainland and Crete in Mycenaean Greece (16th to 12th centuries BC). The language is preserved in inscriptions in Linear B, a script first attested on Crete before the 14th century BC. Most inscriptions are on clay tablets found in Knossos, in central Crete, as well as in Pylos, in the southwest of the Peloponnese. Other tablets have been found at Mycenae itself, Tiryns and Thebes and at Chania, in Western Crete. The language is named after Mycenae, one of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece. The tablets long remained undeciphered, and many languages were suggested for them, until Michael Ventris, building on the extensive work of Alice Kober, deciphered the script in 1952. The texts on the tablets are mostly lists and inventories. No prose narrative survives, much less myth or poetry. Still, much may be gleaned from these records about the people who produced them and ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peloponnesus
The Peloponnese ( ), Peloponnesus ( ; , ) or Morea (; ) is a peninsula and geographic regions of Greece, geographic region in Southern Greece, and the southernmost region of the Balkans. It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. From the late Middle Ages until the 19th century, the peninsula was known as the Morea, a name still in colloquial use in its demotic Greek, demotic form. The peninsula is divided among three administrative regions of Greece, administrative regions: most belongs to the Peloponnese (region), Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica (region), Attica regions. Geography The Peloponnese is a peninsula located at the southern tip of the mainland, in area, and constitutes the southernmost part of mainland Greece. It is connected to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth, where the Corinth Canal was constructed in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heracleidae
The Heracleidae (; ) or Heraclids were the numerous descendants of Heracles, especially applied in a narrower sense to the descendants of Hyllus, the eldest of his four sons by Deianira (Hyllus was also sometimes thought of as Heracles' son by Melite). Other Heracleidae included Macaria, Lamos, Manto, Bianor, Tlepolemus, and Telephus. These Heraclids were a group of Dorian kings who conquered the Peloponnesian kingdoms of Mycenae, Sparta and Argos; according to the literary tradition in Greek mythology, they claimed a right to rule through their ancestor. Since Karl Otfried Müller's ''Die Dorier'' (1830, English translation 1839), I. ch. 3, their rise to dominance has been associated with a " Dorian invasion". Though details of genealogy differ from one ancient author to another, the cultural significance of the mythic theme, that the descendants of Heracles, exiled after his death, returned some generations later to reclaim land that their ancestors had held in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erechtheus
Erechtheus (; ) in Greek mythology was a king of Athens, the founder of the ''polis'' and, in his role as god, attached to Poseidon, as "Poseidon Erechtheus". The name Erichthonius is carried by a son of Erechtheus, but Plutarch conflated the two names in the myth of the begetting of Erechtheus. Erechtheus I Athenians thought of themselves as ''Erechtheidai'', the "sons of Erechtheus". In Homer's ''Iliad'' (2. 547–48) Erechtheus is the son of "grain-giving Earth", reared by Athena. The earth-born son was sired by Hephaestus, whose semen Athena wiped from her thigh with a fillet of wool cast to earth, by which Gaia was made pregnant. In the contest for patronage of Athens between Poseidon and Athena, the salt spring on the Acropolis where Poseidon's trident struck was known as the ''sea of Erechtheus''. Erechtheus II, king of Athens Family The second Erechtheus was given a historicizing genealogy as son and heir to King Pandion I of Athens by Zeuxippe, this Pandion be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xuthus
In Greek mythology, Xuthus (; ''Xouthos'') was a Phthian prince who later became a king of Peloponnesus. He was the founder (through his sons) of the Achaean and Ionian nations. Etymology According to the author Robert Graves, Xuthus' name came from the ancient Greek word , meaning "sparrow". Family Xuthus was a son of King Hellen of Thessaly and the nymph Orseis; and brother of Dorus, Aeolus, Xenopatra and probably Neonus. He had two sons, Ion and Achaeus, and a daughter named Diomede by Creusa, the Athenian daughter of King Erechtheus. Euripides's play, ''Ion'', provided an unusual alternate version, according to which Xuthus was the son of Aeolus and Ion was in fact been begotten on Xuthus's wife Creusa by Apollo. Xuthus and Creusa visited the Oracle at Delphi to ask the god if they could hope for a child, at which point they are told they already have a child, Ion, who was father by Apollo and mothered by Creusa, though Creusa had forgotten her son due to the traum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theseus
Theseus (, ; ) was a divine hero in Greek mythology, famous for slaying the Minotaur. The myths surrounding Theseus, his journeys, exploits, and friends, have provided material for storytelling throughout the ages. Theseus is sometimes described as the son of Aegeus, king of Athens, and sometimes as the son of the god Poseidon. He is raised by his mother, Aethra (mother of Theseus), Aethra, and upon discovering his connection to Aegeus, travels overland to Athens, having many adventures on the way. When he reaches Athens, he finds that Aegeus is married to Medea (formerly wife of Jason), who plots against him. The most famous legend about Theseus is his slaying of the Minotaur, half man and half bull. He then goes on to unite Attica under Athenian rule: the ''synoikismos'' ('dwelling together'). As the unifying king, he is credited with building a palace on the fortress of the Acropolis. Pausanias (geographer), Pausanias reports that after ''synoikismos'', Theseus establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrapolis (Attica)
Tetrapolis ( Greek: ) comprised one of the twelve districts into which Attica was divided before the time of Theseus Theseus (, ; ) was a divine hero in Greek mythology, famous for slaying the Minotaur. The myths surrounding Theseus, his journeys, exploits, and friends, have provided material for storytelling throughout the ages. Theseus is sometimes desc .... The district was on a plain in the northeastern part of Attica and contained four cities: Marathon (), Probalinthus (), Tricorythus (), and Oenoe (). Stephanus of Byzantium claimed ''Huttēnia'' (Ὑττηνία) was its name among the Pelasgoi. The name persisted as a reference to the cities, which shared a religious calendar. Following the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508, the cities ( demes) of Marathon, Oenoe, and Tricorythus were organised into a single trittys along with the city of Rhamnous, whilst Probalinthus belonged to another trittyes; nonetheless, the former was often still referred to as the Tetrap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oenoe (Attica)
Oenoe or Oinoe () was a deme of Athens, situated upon the confines of Boeotia and Attica, near Eleutherae, and upon the regular road to Plataea and Thebes. Hysiae and Oenoe are mentioned as the frontier demes of Attica in 507 BC, when they were both taken by the Boeotians. From this time Hysiae continued to be a Boeotian town; but Oenoe was recovered by the Athenians, and was fortified by them before the commencement of the Peloponnesian War. In 411 BC, the Boeotians again obtained possession of Oenoe; but it must have been recovered a second time by the Athenians, as it continues to be mentioned as an Attic demus down to the latest times. Oenoe was situated on the Pythian Way, so called because it led from Athens to Delphi: this road apparently branched off from the Sacred Way to Eleusis, near the tomb of Strato. Near Oenoe was a Pythium, or temple of Apollo Pythius, in consequence of the sanctity of which Oenoe obtained the epithet of the Sacred. This Pythium is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricorythus
Tricorythus or Trikorythos () or Tricorynthus or Trikorynthos (Τρικόρυνθος) or Tricorinthus or Trikorinthos (Τρικόρινθος) was a deme of ancient Athens, in the plain of Marathon in northeast Attica. It along with Oenoe, Marathon, and Probalinthus, formed the Attic Tetrapolis, one of the twelve districts into which Attica was divided before the time of Theseus. The plain near Tricorythus was where the right of the Persian army were forced into the marsh during the Battle of Marathon. The site of Tricorythus is located northeast of Kato Souli Kato or Katō may refer to: Places *Kato, Guyana, a village in Guyana *Katō, Hyōgo, a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan *Katō District, Hokkaido, a district located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan *Katowice, a city in Southern Poland, .... References Populated places in ancient Attica Former populated places in Greece Demoi {{AncientAttica-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Probalinthus
Probalinthus or Probalinthos () was a deme of ancient Attica, one of the Attic Tetrapolis (along with Marathon, Tricorythus, and Oenoe) located in the plain of Marathon. Probalinthus belonged to the ''phyle'' Pandionis Pandionis () was an ancient ''phyle'' (tribe or clan) of Attica. It was one of the original ten tribes in which Athenian citizens were divided after the late 6th century BC reforms of Cleisthenes. The citizens of Pandionis were known as Pandionidae .... The site of Probalinthus is located southeast of modern Vrana. References Populated places in ancient Attica Former populated places in Greece Demoi {{AncientAttica-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Attica
The regions of ancient Greece were sub-divisions of the Hellenic world as conceived by the ancient Greeks, shown by their presence in the works of ancient historians and geographers or in surviving legends and myths. Conceptually, there is no clear theme to the structure of these regions. Some, particularly in the Peloponnese, can be seen primarily as distinct geo-physical units, defined by physical boundaries such as mountain ranges and rivers. Conversely, the division of central Greece between Boeotia, Phocis, Doris and the three parts of Locris, seems to be attributable to ancient tribal divisions and not major geographical features. Both types of regions retained their identity throughout the Greek Dark Ages and its tumultuous changes in the local population and culture, giving them a less political and more symbolic presence. Other geographical divisions not identified with the aforementioned areas did, however, change over time, suggesting a closer connection with tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
