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Macronarians
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ''macro''- meaning large, and –''naria'' meaning nose). Fossil evidence suggests that macronarian dinosaurs lived from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) through the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Macronarians have been found globally, including discoveries in Argentina, the United States, Portugal, China, and Tanzania. Like other Sauropoda, sauropods, they are known to have inhabited primarily terrestrial areas, and little evidence exists to suggest that they spent much time in coastal environments. Macronarians are diagnosed through their distinct characters on their skulls, as well as appendicular and vertebral characters. Macronaria is composed of several subclades and families notably including Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiouraren Formation of Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called ''Dogger'' or ''Brown Jurassic''. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triunfosaurus
''Triunfosaurus'' (meaning "Triunfo Basin reptile") is a genus of somphospondylan sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil. It contains a single species, ''T. leonardii'', described by Carvalho ''et al.'' in 2017. As a genus, ''Triunfosaurus'' can be distinguished from all other titanosaurs by the unique proportions of its ischium. It was initially described as a basal titanosaur, making it the earliest basal titanosaur known; however, subsequent research questioned the identification of the taxon as a titanosaur, instead reassigning it to the Somphospondyli. Description ''Triunfosaurus'' can be distinguished from other titanosaurs by two autapomorphies, or unique traits that distinguish it from other titanosaurs. Namely, the part of the ischium touching the pubis is half the height of the entire ischium, and the shaft of the ischium makes an angle of less than 70° with the acetabular portion, which contributes to the hip socket. It also presents a unique combina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithopsis
''Ornithopsis'' (meaning "bird-likeness") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur, from the Early Cretaceous of England and possibly Germany. The type species, which is the only species seen as valid today, is ''O. hulkei,'' which is only known from fragmentary remains. History of discovery Gideon Algernon Mantell described many fossils that had been previously collected from the Tilgate Forest of the Early Cretaceous Wealden Formation in his 1833 paper on the geology of southeast England, including a bone he considered to be the of ''Iguanodon'', otherwise only known definitively from teeth that had been found in the area since 1822. The bone was redescribed by Richard Owen in 1854, who reaffirmed its referral as a quadrate of ''Iguanodon'', but also suggested it could be the same bone of '' Streptospondylus'' or ''Cetiosaurus'' as it was not directly associated with the characteristic teeth of ''Iguanodon''. This specimen is stored as British Museum of Natural History R2239, havi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanotitan
''Oceanotitan'' (meaning "ocean giant") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur known from the Upper Jurassic (latest Kimmeridgian stage, about 149 million years ago) Lourinha Formation of Portugal. It is represented by a single specimen consisting of several tail vertebrae and appendicular bones. It contains one species, ''Oceanotitan dantasi''. ''Oceanotitan'' is classified as possibly one of the earliest members of the Somphospondyli, a group of sauropods that includes the titanosaurs. Discovery and naming The holotype and only specimen of ''Oceanotitan'', SHN 181, is stored at the Sociedade de História Natural, in Torres Vedras, Portugal. It was discovered at the coastal cliffs of Praia de Valmitão in Lourinhã, by a private collector who donated his collection to the municipality of Torres Vedras. The rocks that it was found in correspond to the Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member of the Lourinha Formation, dating to the latest Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic, about 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiutaisaurus
''Jiutaisaurus'' (meaning "Jiutai lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Quantou Formation of Jilin, China. ''Jiutaisaurus'' was a sauropod which lived during the Cretaceous. The type species, ''Jiutaisaurus xidiensis'', was described by Wu ''et al.'' in 2006, and is based on eighteen vertebrae. It probably lived alongside '' Changchunsaurus'' and '' Helioceratops''. Discovery and naming In September 2003, a team from Jilin University conducted a fossil excavation in Xidi Village, Jiutai, and recovered 18 caudal vertebrae from a sauropod, as well as some other fossils. In March 2006, Wu Wenhao, Dong Zhiming, Sun Yuewu, Li Chuntian, and Li Tao described the vertebrae as a new genus and species, ''Jiutaisaurus xidiensis'' ( zh, s=西地九台龙, p=Xīdì Jiǔtáilóng), named for the discovery site. Fossil record ''Jiutaisaurus xidiensis'' is known only from the holotype specimen, CAD-02, which was recovered from the Cretaceous-aged Quantou Formation. The specimen co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusuisaurus
''Fusuisaurus'' (meaning "Fusui lizard" from the name of the county where it was discovered) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Fragmentary postcranial remains of this animal have been discovered in 2001 in the Napai Formation of Guangxi, China and consist of the left ilium, left pubis, anterior caudals, most of the dorsal ribs and distal end of the left femur. This sauropod has been described as a basal titanosauriform. The type species is ''F. zhaoi'', named in honour of Chinese paleontologist Zhao Xijin. Size In 2016 Gregory S. Paul Gregory Scott Paul (born December 24, 1954) is an American freelance researcher, author and illustrator who works in paleontology. He is best known for his work and research on theropoda, theropod dinosaurs and his detailed illustrations, both l ... gave a length of 22 meters (72 ft) and a weight of 35 tonnes (38.6 short tons). This sauropod was a very large animal, as its humerus was 183.5 cm long. Despit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fushanosaurus
''Fushanosaurus'' (; meaning "Fushan lizard", after the Fushan Museum where its remains are stored) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Shishugou Formation from Xinjiang Province in China. The type and only species is ''Fushanosaurus qitaiensis'' (). It is solely known from the holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ... specimen FH000101, a complete right femur. The holotype femur of ''F. qitaiensis'' is long. By comparison to two other giant sauropods from Asia, '' Ruyangosaurus'' and '' Daxiatitan'', ''Fushanosaurus'' was estimated to have been approximately long, which would then make it one of the longest known dinosaurs. ''Fushanosaurus'' was originally described as a titanosauriform, but the features initially believed to indicate titanosauriform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fukuititan
''Fukuititan'' (meaning "giant from Fukui prefecture") is a genus of Sauropoda, sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous (either Barremian or Aptian age) in the Kitadani Formation in what is now Japan. The genus contains a single species, ''Fukuititan nipponensis''. The discovery of ''Fukuititan'' shed light on Japanese titanosauriforms, which are generally very poorly-known. Discovery and naming The fossils that would eventually be named ''Fukuititan'' were discovered in the summer of 2007 at the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry, near the Sugiyama River, by an expedition in association with the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, which is where the specimen would eventually be reposited. The holotype and only specimen of ''Fukuititan'', given the specimen number FPDM-V8468, was described in 2010 in paleontology, 2010 by Japanese scientists Yoichi Azuma and Masateru Shibata, who were working for the museum in which it was stored. It was given the species epithet ''"nippon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucamerotus
''Eucamerotus'' (meaning "well-chambered", in reference to the hollows of the vertebrae) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation ( Wealden) of the Isle of Wight, England. History and taxonomy John Hulke erected the genus in 1872 for " R.2522", a neural arch found by William Fox near Brighstone Bay, but provided no species name. He considered the '' Ornithopsis hulkei'' lectotype referable to the genus.Naish, D., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 1: Sauropods. In: Martill, D.M., and Naish, D. (eds.). ''Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight''. The Palaeontological Association:London 185-241. He later referred NMHUK R.2522 to ''Ornithopsis'', synonymizing ''Eucamerotus'' with Seeley's name based on the discovery of additional vertebrae from the Isle of Wight. Later authors treated ''Eucamerotus'' as a synonym of ''Pelorosaurus''. von Huene, F. (1909). Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier. ''Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duriatitan
''Duriatitan'' is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic in what is now England. The holotype specimen of ''Duriatitan'', BMNH 44635, is a partial left upper arm bone which was found by R.I. Smith near Sandsfoot, Weymouth in the lower Kimmeridge Clay from Dorset. The type species, ''D. humerocristatus'', was described in 1874 by John Hulke as a species of ''Cetiosaurus'' and was noted as being similar to that of '' Gigantosaurus''. The specific name refers to the deltopectoral crest, ''crista'', on the upper arm bone, ''humerus''. The specimen was assigned to its own genus by Paul M. Barrett, Roger B.J. Benson and Paul Upchurch in 2010. The generic name is derived from the Latin name for Dorset, ''Duria'', and Greek Titan Titan most often refers to: * Titan (moon), the largest moon of Saturn * Titans, a race of deities in Greek mythology Titan or Titans may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional entities Fictional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brohisaurus
''Brohisaurus'' is a problematic genus of Nomen dubium, dubious dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-aged) Sembar Formation of Pakistan. The type species is ''B. kirthari''. Discovery and naming The ''Brohisaurus'' holotype, MSM-86-K to 94-K, 96-K to 98-K, 101-K to 105-K, largely consisting of indeterminate fragments of some ribs, vertebrae, and limb bones, was discovered in the Sembar Formation of Pakistan. In 2003 Muhammad Sadiq Malkani named and described ''Brohisaurus kirthari'' as a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropods. The genus name means "Brohi lizard" and refers to the Brohi people, Brohi people who live in the area where it was found. The species name refers to the Kirthar Mountains. Description and classification If ''Brohisaurus'' is a sauropod, as originally identified, it would have been a large-bodied, long-necked herbivore. Its femur was in diameter. The femur of the -long titanosauriform ''Phuwiangosaurus'', by contrast, is in diam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
"Brachiosaurus" Nougaredi
''Brachiosaurus'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about . It was first described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Colorado River valley in western Colorado, United States. Riggs named the dinosaur ''Brachiosaurus altithorax''; the generic name is Greek for "arm lizard", in reference to its proportionately long arms, and the specific name means "deep chest". ''Brachiosaurus'' is estimated to have been between long; body mass estimates of the subadult holotype specimen range from . It had a disproportionately long neck, small skull, and large overall size, all of which are typical for sauropods. Atypically, ''Brachiosaurus'' had longer forelimbs than hindlimbs, which resulted in a steeply inclined trunk, and a proportionally shorter tail. ''Brachiosaurus'' is the namesake genus of the family Brachiosauridae, which includes a handful of other similar sauropods. Most popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
