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Lipothrixviridae
''Lipothrixviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order '' Ligamenvirales''. Thermophilic archaea in the phylum Thermoproteota The Thermoproteota are prokaryotes that have been classified as a phylum (biology), phylum of the domain Archaea. Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic T ... serve as natural hosts.Janekovic, D., Wunderl S, Holz I, Zillig W, Gierl A, Neumann H (1983) TTV1, TTV2 and TTV3, a family of viruses of the extremely thermophilic anaerobic, sulphur reducing, archaeabacterium Thermoproteus tenax. Mol. Gen. Genet. 19239–19245 Taxonomy The following genera and species are assigned to the family: * '' Alphalipothrixvirus'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus'' * '' Deltalipothrixvirus'' The family consists of three genera: ''Alphalipothrixvirus'', ''Betalipothrixvirus'', and ''Deltalipothrixvirus''. '' Captovirus'' used to be in this family as the genus Gammalipothrixvirus, but now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betalipothrixvirus
''Betalipothrixvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Lipothrixviridae''. Archaea serve as natural hosts. The genus contains six species. All species within the genus have linear double-stranded DNA genomes and some infect hyperthermophilic crenarchaea of the orders Sulfolobales Sulfolobales is an order of archaeans in the class Thermoprotei. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) .... Etymology: the root of the word (Beta)Lipothrix: from Greek, "fat hair", referring to the virion shape(SIB). Taxonomy The following six species are assigned to the genus: * '' Betalipothrixvirus acidiani'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus hveragerdiense'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus pezzuloense'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus pozzuoliense'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus puteoliense'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus uzonense'' They were previously known as (in order): * ''Acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deltalipothrixvirus
''Deltalipothrixvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Lipothrixviridae ''Lipothrixviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order '' Ligamenvirales''. Thermophilic archaea in the phylum Thermoproteota The Thermoproteota are prokaryotes that have been classified as a phylum (biology), phylum of the domain Archaea. ...''. ''Archaea acidianus'' serve as natural hosts. Two species are assigned to the genus. Taxonomy The following two species are assigned to the genus: * ''Deltalipothrixvirus beppuense'', previously called Deltalipothrixvirus SBFV3 *''Deltalipothrixvirus pozzuoliense'', previously called Acidianus filamentous virus 2 Structure Viruses in ''Deltalipothrixvirus'' are enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 24 nm, with a length of 1100 nm. Genomes are linear, around 32kb in length. The genome codes for 51 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphalipothrixvirus
''Alphalipothrixvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Lipothrixviridae''. Archaea Archaea ( ) is a Domain (biology), domain of organisms. Traditionally, Archaea only included its Prokaryote, prokaryotic members, but this has since been found to be paraphyletic, as eukaryotes are known to have evolved from archaea. Even thou ... serve as natural hosts. The genus contains two species. Taxonomy The following two species are assigned to the genus * ''Alphalipothrixvirus umijigokuense'' (formerly ''A.'' SBFV2) * Alphalipothrixvirus ''beppuense'' (formerly ''A.'' SFV1) Structure Life cycle References Virus genera Lipothrixviridae {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligamenvirales
''Ligamenvirales'' is an order of linear viruses that infect archaea of the phylum Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota) and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The order was proposed by David Prangishvili and Mart Krupovic in 2012 and subsequently created by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Name The name is derived from the Latin , meaning ''string'' or ''thread''. Taxonomy There are four families in this order – '' Chiyouviridae'', '' Lipothrixviridae'', '' Rudiviridae'' and '' Ungulaviridae''. The virons are filamentous with a helical nucleocapsid. At either end are attached either fibers or more complex structures involved in host adhesion. The major coat proteins of both lipothrixviruses and rudiviruses have an unusual four-helix bundle topology.Goulet A, Blangy S, Redder P, Prangishvili D, Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Forterre P, Campanacci V, Cambillau C (2009) Acidianus filamentous virus 1 coat proteins display a helical fold spanning the filamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captovirus
''Captovirus'' is a genus of dsDNA viruses in the family '' Ungulaviridae''. Archaea acidianus ''Acidianus'' is a genus of archaeans in the family Sulfolobaceae. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) ... serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: '' Captovirus AFV1'', which was renamed to ''Captovirus yellowstonese'' in ICTV 2023 release. Structure Viruses in ''Captovirus'' are enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 24 nm, with a length of 900 nm. Genomes are linear, around 20kb in length. The genome codes for 40 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Archaea acidianus serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfolobus Islandicus Filamentous Virus
''Betalipothrixvirus hveragerdiense'' (SIFV) is an archaeal virus, classified in the family ''Lipothrixviridae'' within the order ''Ligamenvirales''. The virus infects hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon '' Sulfolobus islandicus''. SIFV has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 40,852 bp, which is the largest among characterized lipothrixviruses. The virions are enveloped filaments, nearly 2 micrometers in length. The nucleocapsid is formed from two paralogous major capsid proteins, which tightly wrap around the dsDNA genome; notably, dehydration of the genomic DNA by the major capsid proteins transforms the B-form DNA into A-form DNA. Life cycle SIFV virions assemble inside the cell. Binding of the major capsid protein dimers to the linear dsDNA genome lead to the assembly of nucleocapsids, which are subsequently enveloped intracellularly through an unknown mechanism. SIFV and probably other lipothrixviruses are lytic viruses. Virion release takes place through pyram ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long molecules of DNA or RNA that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermophilic
A thermophile is a type of extremophile that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Many thermophiles are archaea, though some of them are bacteria and fungi. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bacteria. Thermophiles are found in geothermally heated regions of the Earth, such as hot springs like those in Yellowstone National Park and deep sea hydrothermal vents, as well as decaying plant matter, such as peat bogs and compost. They can survive at high temperatures, whereas other bacteria or archaea would be damaged and sometimes killed if exposed to the same temperatures. The enzymes in thermophiles function at high temperatures. Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology, for example the ''Taq'' polymerase used in PCR. "Thermophile" is derived from the (''thermotita''), meaning heat, and (''philia''), love. Comparative surveys suggest that thermophile diversity is principally driven by pH, not temperature. Clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea
Archaea ( ) is a Domain (biology), domain of organisms. Traditionally, Archaea only included its Prokaryote, prokaryotic members, but this has since been found to be paraphyletic, as eukaryotes are known to have evolved from archaea. Even though the domain Archaea Cladistics, cladistically includes eukaryotes, the term "archaea" (: archaeon , from the Greek "ἀρχαῖον", which means ancient) in English still generally refers specifically to prokaryotic members of Archaea. Archaea were initially Taxonomy (biology), classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (, in the Archaebacteria Kingdom (biology), kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from Bacteria and Eukaryote, Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phylum, phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been Isolation (microbiology), isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their Gene, gene s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
