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Inequalities
Inequality may refer to: * Inequality (mathematics), a relation between two quantities when they are different. * Economic inequality, difference in economic well-being between population groups ** Income inequality, an unequal distribution of income ** Wealth inequality, an unequal distribution of wealth ** Spatial inequality, the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions ** International inequality, economic differences between countries * Social inequality, unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group ** Gender inequality, unequal treatment or perceptions due to gender ** Racial inequality, social distinctions between racial and ethnic groups within a society * Health inequality, differences in the quality of health and healthcare across populations * Educational inequality, the unequal distribution of academic resources * Environmental inequality, unequal environmental harms between different neig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by and , respectively the less-than sign, less-than and greater-than sign, greater-than signs). Notation There are several different notations used to represent different kinds of inequalities: * The notation ''a'' ''b'' means that ''a'' is greater than ''b''. In either case, ''a'' is not equal to ''b''. These relations are known as strict inequalities, meaning that ''a'' is strictly less than or strictly greater than ''b''. Equality is excluded. In contrast to strict inequalities, there are two types of inequality relations that are not strict: * The notation ''a'' ≤ ''b'' or ''a'' ⩽ ''b'' or ''a'' ≦ ''b'' means that ''a'' is less than or equal to ''b'' (or, equivalently, at most ''b'', or no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people. Differences in accessing social goods within society are influenced by factors like power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, intelligence and class. Social inequality usually implies the lack of equality of outcome, but may alternatively be conceptualized as a lack of equality in access to opportunity. Social inequality is linked to economic inequality, usually described as the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth. Although the disciplines of economics and sociology generally use different theoretical approaches to examine and explain economic inequality, both fields are actively involved in researching this inequality. However, social and natural resources other than purely economic resource ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Inequalities
This article lists Wikipedia articles about named mathematical inequalities. Inequalities in pure mathematics Analysis * Agmon's inequality * Askey–Gasper inequality * Babenko–Beckner inequality * Bernoulli's inequality * Bernstein's inequality (mathematical analysis) * Bessel's inequality * Bihari–LaSalle inequality * Bohnenblust–Hille inequality * Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality * Brezis–Gallouet inequality * Carleman's inequality * Chebyshev–Markov–Stieltjes inequalities * Chebyshev's sum inequality * Clarkson's inequalities * Eilenberg's inequality * Fekete–Szegő inequality * Fenchel's inequality * Friedrichs's inequality * Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality * Gårding's inequality * Grothendieck inequality * Grunsky's inequalities * Hanner's inequalities * Hardy's inequality * Hardy–Littlewood inequality * Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality * Harnack's inequality * Hausdorff–Young inequality * Hermite– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Educational Inequality
Educational Inequality is the unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, booksphysical facilitiesand technologies, to socially excluded communities. These communities tend to be historically disadvantaged and oppressed. Individuals belonging to these marginalized groups are often denied access to schools with adequate resources and those that can be accessed are so distant from these communities. Inequality leads to major differences in the educational success or efficiency of these individuals and ultimately suppresses social and economic mobility. Inequality in education is broken down into different types: regional inequality, inequality by sex, inequality by social stratification, inequality by parental income, inequality by parent occupation, and many more. Measuring educational efficacy varies by country and even provinces/states within the country. Generally, grades, GPA test scores, other sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Inequality
International inequality refers to inequality between countries, as compared to global inequality, which is inequality between people across countries. International inequality research has primarily been concentrated on the rise of international income inequality, but other aspects include educational and health inequality, as well as differences in medical access. Reducing inequality within and among countries is the 10th goal of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring that no one is left behind is central to achieving them. Inequality can be measured by metrics such as the Gini coefficient. According to the United Nations Human Development Report 2004, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in countries with high, medium and low human development (a classification based on the UN Human Development Index) was 24,806, 4,269 and 1,184 PPP$, respectively (PPP$ = purchasing power parity measured in United States dollars). Proposed explanations Differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Inequality
Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige. Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources. It is not equity to simply provide every individual with the same resources; that would be equality. In order to achieve health equity, resources must be allocated based on an individual need-based principle. According to the World Health Organization, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society. Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discusse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Inequality
Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism. The treatment may arise from distinctions regarding biology, psychology, or cultural norms prevalent in the society. Some of these distinctions are empirically grounded, while others appear to be social constructs. While current policies around the world cause inequality among individuals, it is women who are most affected. Gender inequality weakens women in many areas such as Gender disparities in health, health, Sex differences in education, education, and Gender pay gap, business life. Studies show the different experiences of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliation. Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures. Sex differences Biology Natural differences exist between the sexes bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By Income Equality
This is a list of Country, countries and Dependent territory, territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like the Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1 or 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income). Meanwhile, an index of 1 or 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income, and everyone else has no income). Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%). Income distribution can vary greatly from List of countries by wealth inequality, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Inequality
Environmental justice is a social movement that addresses injustice that occurs when poor or marginalized communities are harmed by hazardous waste, resource extraction, and other land uses from which they do not benefit. The movement has generated hundreds of studies showing that exposure to environmental harm is inequitably distributed. Additionally, many marginalized communities, including the LGBTQ community, are disproportionately impacted by natural disasters. The movement began in the United States in the 1980s. It was heavily influenced by the American civil rights movement and focused on environmental racism within rich countries. The movement was later expanded to consider gender, LGBTQ people, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups. As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the Global South (as for example through extractivism or the global waste trade). The movemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wealth Inequality
The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society. It shows one aspect of economic inequality or economic heterogeneity. The distribution of wealth differs from the income distribution in that it looks at the economic distribution of ownership of the assets in a society, rather than the current income of members of that society. According to the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, "the world distribution of wealth is much more unequal than that of income." For rankings regarding wealth, see list of countries by wealth equality or list of countries by wealth per adult. Definition of wealth Wealth of an individual is defined as net worth, expressed as: wealth = assets − liabilities A broader definition of wealth, which is rarely used in the measurement of wealth inequality, also includes human capital. For example, the United Nations definition of '' inclusive wealth'' is a monetary measure whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spatial Inequality
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration,Romero, Jessie and Schwartzman, Felipe FInequality in and across Cities October 2018, No. 18-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Brief. such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly. Whilst jobs located in urban areas tend to have higher nominal wages (unadjusted for differences in price levels or inflation) than rural areas, the cost-of-living and availability of skilled work correlates to regional divergences in real income and output. Additionally, the spatial component of public infrastructure affects access to quality healthcare and education (key elements of human capital and worker productivity, which directly impacts economic well-bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
