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Incilius
''Incilius'' is a genus of toads in the true toad family, Bufonidae. They are sometimes known as the Central American toads or Middle American toads and are found in southern USA, Mexico, Central America, and northern Pacific South America (Colombia and Ecuador). They are an ecologically and biogeographically diverse group of toads, including micro-endemic species such as ''Incilius spiculatus'' that are restricted to undisturbed cloud forests, and widespread lowland species such as ''Incilius valliceps'' that predominantly occur in disturbed habitats. Taxonomy and systematics This genus was first described in 1863 by Edward Drinker Cope who designated the type species as ''Incilius coniferus''. This proved unpopular and these toads were known under the genus ''Bufo'' until the early 2000s. The current delineation of the genus follows Mendelson ''et al''. (2011) who brought ''Cranopsis''/''Cranophryne''/''Ollotis'' and ''Crepidius''/''Crepidophryne'' into Synonym (taxonomy), syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Bocourti
''Incilius bocourti'' (formerly ''Bufo bocourti''; common name Bocourt's toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. The species is found in southwestern Guatemala and in adjacent Mexico in the state of Chiapas. Its phylogenetic position is uncertain. It may not to belong to the genus ''Incilius'', but rather to the sister taxon ''Anaxyrus'' instead. It is named after Marie Firmin Bocourt, a French zoologist and artist. xiii + 244 pp. Habitat The natural habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...s of ''Incilius bocourti'' are coniferous highlands, but it can also occur heavily disturbed, treeless areas. Reproduction Breeding of ''Incilius bocourti'' takes place in temporary ponds. Conservation status There are no major threats to ''Incilius bocourti''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Coccifer
''Incilius coccifer'' (common name: southern round-gland toad or southern roundgland toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southern Mexico and southeastward in the Central America through Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica. Several species that were formerly included in this species have been named as distinct species: '' Incilius porteri'', '' Incilius ibarrai'', '' Incilius pisinnus'', and '' Incilius signifer''. Its natural habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...s are lowland dry and moist forests, and it occurs also in disturbed areas such as pastures, roadside ditches, gardens, and vacant lots in urban areas. It is an abundant and widespread species that is not facing significant threats. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Alvarius
The Colorado River toad (''Incilius alvarius''), also known as the Sonoran Desert toad, is a toad species found in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is well known for its ability to exude toxins from glands within its skin that have psychoactive properties. Description The Colorado River toad can grow to about long and is the largest toad in the United States apart from the non-native cane toad (''Rhinella marina''). It has a smooth, leathery skin and is olive green or mottled brown in color. Just behind the large golden eye with horizontal pupil is a bulging kidney-shaped parotoid gland. Below this is a large circular pale green area which is the tympanum or ear drum. By the corner of the mouth there is a white wart and there are white glands on the legs. All these glands produce toxic secretions. Its call is described as, "a weak, low-pitched toot, lasting less than a second." Dogs (''Canis familiaris'') that have attacked toads have suffered paralys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Chompipe
''Incilius chompipe'' is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae, known from several localities near Cascajal in the Cerro Chompipe and in the Reserva Dantas, both in the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica. Description Males measure and females, based on a single specimen, in snout–vent length. The body is robust. The head bears canthal, supraorbital, supratympanic, and parietal crests, and the snout is acutely pointed. Parotoid glands are triangular and barely evident. Dorsal skin is, except for the nearly smooth mid-dorsum, roughened with numerous distinctly raised, rounded or pointed tubercles. Skin secretions of ''Incilius chompipe'' can inflict notable irritation to human eyes. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are primary and mature cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, Montane forest, montane, Tropical and subtropical moist broadle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Valliceps
The Gulf Coast toad (''Incilius valliceps'') is a species of toad native to eastern and southeastern Mexico and Central America as far south as Costa Rica. Description The Gulf Coast toad is a medium-sized toad species, ranging from in length. Their back varies in color from nearly black, to shades of brown and grey with a distinctive white or yellowish colored stripe down the center, and sometimes lighter colored patches on the sides. Their underside is yellow or cream colored. Their back is covered in small tubercles, while their underside is normally devoid of them. ''I. valliceps'' has the most extensive ridging of any toad in its geographic range. The ridges extend from the nose, to the back of the head, and with a branch that wraps around the back side of the eye. Habitat The Gulf Coast toad is found in a wide range of habitats, including open grassland, semi-arid regions, light forest, and even suburban backyards. They are typically found not far from a permanent w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Aucoinae
''Incilius aucoinae'' is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is found in south-western Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama. Before its description in 2004, it was confused with '' Incilius melanochlorus''. Etymology The specific name ''aucoinae'' honors Lisa Aucoin (1971–2001), an American herpetologist Herpetology (from Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν ''herpetón'', meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal") is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Gymnophiona)) and reptiles (in ... who died in a car accident shortly after returning from a trip to Costa Rica. Habitat and conservation It is a very abundant species living in forested habitats, from tree plantations to primary forests. Reproduction takes place in broad, low-gradient streams and rivers during the dry season. There are no important threats to this adaptable species; it also occurs in several protected areas. References aucoina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Campbelli
''Incilius campbelli'' (commonly known as Campbell's rainforest toad or Campbell's forest toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It was first described in 1994. It is found in eastern Chiapas (Mexico), Guatemala, western Honduras, and Maya Mountains, Belize. Its natural habitats are lowland moist and premontane wet forests, and pristine forests in mountainous regions. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease .... References campbelli Amphibians of Belize Amphibians of Guatemala Amphibians of Honduras Amphibians of Mexico Amphibians described in 1994 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Canaliferus
''Incilius canaliferus'', also known as the dwarf toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found along the Pacific slopes of western El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas states). Its natural habitats are semi-deciduous forests near rivers and moderate-sized streams. Breeding takes place in ponds and streams. It also occurs in disturbed habitats, for example coffee plantations. Habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease ... and possibly water pollution are threats to this toad. References canaliferus Amphibians of El Salvador Amphibians of Guatemala Amphibians of Mexico Amphibians described in 1877 Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Toad
The golden toad (''Incilius periglenes'') is an extinct species of true toad that was once abundant in a small, high-altitude region of about in an area north of the city of Monteverde, Costa Rica. It was endemic to elfin cloud forest. Also called the Monte Verde toad, Alajuela toad and orange toad, it is commonly considered the " poster child" for the amphibian decline crisis. This toad was first described in 1966 by herpetologist Jay Savage. The last sighting of a single male golden toad was on 15 May 1989, and it has since been classified as extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The golden toad was declared extinct by the IUCN Red List in 2005. Description The golden toad was one of about 500 species in the family Bufonidae—the "true toads". Males were orange and sometimes slightly mottled on the belly, while females showed a greater variety of colors, including black, yellow, red, green, and white; both sexes had smooth skin. While mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Spiculatus
''Incilius spiculatus'' (common name: spiculate toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico, and known from the northern slopes of the Sierra de Juárez and the adjacent Sierra Mixe. Its natural habitats are cloud forests and lowland rainforests. It breeds in streams. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease .... References spiculatus Endemic amphibians of Mexico Fauna of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca Amphibians described in 1997 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incilius Coniferus
The evergreen toad (''Incilius coniferus'') is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Conservation status It is potentially threatened by habitat loss, but is still categorized as a least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. A species cannot be assigned to the least-concern category unless it has had its population status evaluated. Description The evergreen toad (also known as the "green climbing toad") can be colored with browns, greens, and even yellows. These colors on its back and other areas of the body are arranged in a camouflage pattern that can be unique between each member of the species. Its eyes are green with vertically slit pupils. Adult males of the species can measure approximately 53–72 mm and adult females 76–94 mm. Females and males in adulthood or easy to tell apart due to males usually having just abit brighter coloring. However, when they haven't metamorphosed yet, males and females are practically i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
