|
Honorifics
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs. Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (''despective'' or ''humilific'') first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed. Modern English honorifics The most common honorifics in moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorifics (linguistics)
In linguistics, an honorific (list of glossing abbreviations, abbreviated ) is a grammar, grammatical or morphosyntactic form that encodes the relative social status of the participants of the conversation. Distinct from honorific, honorific titles, linguistic honorifics convey formality , social distance, politeness , humility , deference, or respect through the choice of an alternate form such as an affix, clitic, grammatical case, change in person or number, or an entirely different lexical item. A key feature of an honorific system is that one can convey the same message in both honorific and familiar forms—i.e., it is possible to say something like (as in an oft-cited example from Brown and Levinson) "The soup is hot" in a way that confers honor or deference on one of the participants of the conversation. Honorific speech is a type of social deixis, as an understanding of the context—in this case, the social status of the speaker relative to the other participants or by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Honorifics
In the English language, an honorific is a form of address conveying esteem, courtesy or respect. These can be titles prefixing a person's name, ''e.g.'': ''Mr'', ''Mrs'', ''Miss'', ''Ms'', ''Mx'', ''Sir'', ''Dame'', ''Dr'', ''Cllr'', ''Lady'', or ''Lord'', or other titles or positions that can appear as a form of address without the person's name, as in ''Mr President'', ''General'', ''Captain'', ''Father'', ''Doctor'', or ''Earl''. Many forms of honorifics are for members of the nobility, clergy, military, or royalty, these are found mainly in countries that are monarchies. These include "Your Majesty", "Your Royal Highness" or simply "Your Highness", which are used to address certain members of royalty and "My lord/lady" or "Your Lordship/Ladyship" to address a peer other than a Duke, who is referred to as "Your Grace". Common titles * Master: () for boys and young men, or as a style for the heir to a Scottish peerage. It may also be used as a professional title, e.g. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammatical Person
In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker ( first person), the addressee ( second person), and others ( third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical person. ''First person'' includes the speaker (English: ''I'', ''we''), ''second person'' is the person or people spoken to (English: ''your'' or ''you''), and ''third person'' includes all that are not listed above (English: ''he'', ''she'', ''it'', ''they''). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships. Related classifications Number In Indo-European languages, first-, second-, and third-person pronouns are typically also marked for singular and plural forms, and sometimes dual form as well (grammatical number). Inclusive/exclusive distinction Some other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Neutral Title
A gender neutral title is a title that does not indicate the gender identity, whatever it may be, of the person being formally addressed. Honorifics are used in situations when it is inappropriate to refer to someone only by their first or last name, such as when addressing a letter, or when introducing the person to others. Although varying between cultures, the use of such titles include: * Persons who wish not to indicate a gender (binary or otherwise) * Persons for whom the gender is not known * Persons whose biological sex is not on the gender binary (intersex) * Persons whose gender identity does not fit the gender binary Languages Global overview Some languages have near complete or vigorous use of gender-neutral titles in their most common forms, which in some languages may be more than one of their forms. European languages The traditional honorifics of Miss, Mrs, Ms and Mr in English all indicate the binary gender of the individual. Frauenknecht et al. at die Kat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esquire
Esquire (, ; abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title. In the United Kingdom, ''esquire'' historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight. Some sources cite that the title was bestowed on "candidates for knighthood in England", this title is also reserved for those in a high respected band and even used with respect to other dignitaries, such as justices of the peace, sheriffs, and sergeants. The 1826 edition of William Blackstone's '' Commentaries on the Laws of England'' reiterated that "the title should be limited to those only who bear an office of trust under the Crown and who are styled esquires by the king in their commissions and appointments; and all, I conceive, who are once honoured by the king with the title of esquire have a right to that distinction for life." By the early 20th century, however, ''esquire'' was being used as a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miss
Miss (pronounced ) is an English-language honorific typically used for a girl, for an unmarried woman (when not using another title such as " Doctor" or "Dame"), or for a married woman retaining her maiden name. Originating in the 17th century, it is a contraction of '' mistress''. The plural of ''Miss'' is ''Misses'' or occasionally ''Mses''. History Origins Like '' Ms'' and ''Mrs'', ''Miss'' has its roots in the title ''Mistress''. ''Miss'' was originally a title given primarily to children rather than adults. During the 1700s, its usage broadened to encompass adult women. The title emerged as a polite way to address women, reflecting changing societal norms and class distinctions. Prior to this, referring to an adult woman as a ''Miss'' might have carried connotations of prostitution. Evolution of meanings and usage The meanings of both ''Miss'' and ''Mrs'' underwent transformations over time. Historically, these titles did not solely indicate marital status. Even aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master (form Of Address)
Master is an English honorific for boys and young men. It is usually abbreviated to MSTR or Mstr. Etymology ''Master'' was used in England for men of some rank, especially "free masters" of a trade guild and by any manual worker or servant employee addressing his employer (his master), but also generally by those lower in status to gentlemen, priests, or scholars. In the Elizabethan period, it was used between equals, especially to a group ("My masters"), mainly by urban artisans and tradespeople. It was later extended to all respectable men and was the forerunner of '' Mister''. The proper title of William Shakespeare's First Folio is pronounced ''Master William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies''. After its replacement in common speech by ''Mister'', ''Master'' was retained as a form of address only for boys who had not yet entered society. By the late 19th century, etiquette dictated that men be addressed as ''Mister'', and boys as ''Master''. Current usage in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mx (title)
''Mx'' () is an English-language neologistic honorific that does not indicate gender. Created as an alternative to gendered honorifics (such as '' Mr.'' and ''Ms.'') in the late 1970s, it is the most common gender-neutral title among non-binary people and people who do not wish to imply a gender in their titles. Etymology The word was first proposed in the late 1970s. The ''x'' is intended to stand as a wildcard character, and does not necessarily imply a "mixed" gender. Usage In 2013, Brighton and Hove City Council in Sussex, England, voted to allow the use of ''Mx'' on council forms, and in 2014 the Royal Bank of Scotland included the title as an option for customers. In 2015, recognition spread more broadly across UK institutions, including the Royal Mail, government agencies responsible for documents such as driving licences, most major banks, several other companies, and UK charity Battersea Dogs & Cats Home. The title is now accepted by the Department for Work and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctor (title)
Doctor is an Academic degree, academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an Agent noun, agentive noun of the Latin verb 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person. In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level Academic degree, degree. Origins The doctorate () appeared in Middle Ages, medieval Europe as a license to teach (licentia docendi) at a medieval university. The roots of the term doctor can be traced to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, etc. In militaries, the captain is typically at the level of an officer commanding a company or battalion of infantry, a ship, or a battery of artillery, or another distinct unit. It can also be a rank of command in an air force. The term also may be used as an informal or honorary title for persons in similar commanding roles. Etymology The word "captain" derives from the Middle English "capitane", itself coming from the Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ... "caput", meaning "head". It is consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorary Title (academic)
Honorary titles (professor, president, reader, lecturer) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in the United Kingdom, UK and Germany, as well as in many of the universities and colleges of the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, New Zealand, Japan, Denmark, and Canada. Examples of such titles are Honorary Professor, Honorary President (education), President, Honorary Fellow, Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Honorary Reader (academic rank), Reader, Honorary Lecturer (normally applies to non-teaching staff, who give occasional lectures), Visiting Fellow (normally applies to students carrying out further studies and research programmes), Industrial Fellow. Honorary Professor In the UK, this is the highest title to be awarded to individuals whom the university wish to appoint, honor, and to work with. These individuals are not university s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coach (sport)
An athletic coach is a person coaching in sport, involved in the direction, instruction, and training of a sports team or athlete. History The original sense of the word ''Coach'' is that of a Coach (carriage), horse-drawn carriage, deriving ultimately from the Hungarian city of Kocs where such vehicles were first made. Students at the University of Oxford in the early nineteenth century used the slang word to refer to a private tutor who would drive a less able student through his examinations just like horse driving. Britain took the lead in upgrading the status of sports in the 19th century. For sports to become professionalized, "coacher" had to become established. It gradually professionalized in the Victorian era and the role was well established by 1914. In the First World War, military units sought out the coaches to supervise physical conditioning and develop morale-building teams. Effectiveness John Wooden had a philosophy of coaching that encouraged planning, organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |