Halide Minerals
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Halide Minerals
Halide minerals are those minerals with a dominant halide anion (, , and ). Complex halide minerals may also have polyatomic anions. Examples include the following: * Atacamite * Avogadrite (K,Cs)BF * Bararite (β) *Bischofite * Brüggenite *Calomel *Carnallite *Carnallite * Cerargyrite/ Horn silver AgCl * Chlorargyrite AgCl, bromargyrite AgBr, and iodargyrite AgI *Cryolite * Cryptohalite (a) Vanadates), 09 Silicates: * ''neso-'': insular (from Greek , "island") * ''soro-'': grouped (from Greek , "heap, pile, mound") * ''cyclo-'': ringed (from Greek , "circle") * ''ino-'': chained (from Greek , "fibre", rom Ancient Greek * ''phyllo-'': sheeted (from Greek , "leaf") * ''tecto-'': of three-dimensional framework (from Greek , "of building") ;Nickel–Strunz code scheme ''NN.XY.##x'': * ''NN'': Nickel–Strunz mineral class number * ''X'': Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter * ''Y'': Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter * ''##x'': Nickel–Strunz mineral/gro ...
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Mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Minerals'; p. 1. In the series ''Geology: Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks''. Rosen Publishing Group. The Geology, geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living organisms often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks. The concept of mineral is distinct from rock (geology), rock, which is any bulk solid geologic material that is relatively homogeneous at a large enough scale. A rock may consist of one type of mineral or may be an aggregate (geology), aggregate of two or more different types of minerals, spaci ...
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Iodargyrite
Iodyrite or iodargyrite is a natural mineral form of silver iodide. Related minerals are chlorargyrite and bromargyrite Bromyrite or bromargyrite is a natural mineral form of silver bromide found mainly in Mexico and Chile. Hardness is 1.5 to 2. Related are chlorargyrite and iodyrite. It was first described in 1859 for an occurrence in Plateros, Zacatecas, Mexico .... References Halide minerals Silver minerals Hexagonal minerals Minerals in space group 183 {{Halide-mineral-stub ...
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Sylvite
Sylvite, or sylvine, is potassium chloride (KCl) in natural mineral form. It forms crystals in the isometric system very similar to normal rock salt, halite ( NaCl). The two are, in fact, isomorphous. Sylvite is colorless to white with shades of yellow and red due to inclusions. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 1.99. It has a refractive index of 1.4903. Sylvite has a salty taste with a distinct bitterness. Sylvite is one of the last evaporite minerals to precipitate out of solution. As such, it is found only in very dry saline areas. Its principal use is as a potassium fertilizer. Sylvite is found in many evaporite deposits worldwide. Massive bedded deposits occur in New Mexico and western Texas, and in Utah in the US, but the largest world source is in Saskatchewan, Canada. The vast deposits in Saskatchewan were formed by the evaporation of a Devonian seaway. Sylvite is the official mineral of Saskatchewan. Sylvite was first described in 1832 at Mou ...
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Sal Ammoniac
Salammoniac, also sal ammoniac or salmiac, is a rare naturally occurring mineral composed of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl. It forms colorless, white, or yellow-brown crystals in the Cubic (crystal system), isometric-hexoctahedral class. It has very poor Cleavage (crystal), cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture. It is quite soft, with a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2, and it has a low specific gravity of 1.5. It is water-soluble. Salammoniac is also the archaism, archaic name for the chemical compound ammonium chloride. History Pliny the Elder, Pliny, in Book XXXI of his ''Natural History (Pliny), Natural History'', refers to a salt produced in the Roman province of Crete and Cyrenaica, Cyrenaica named ''hammoniacum'', so called because of its proximity to the nearby Temple of Amun, Jupiter Amun (Greek language, Greek Ἄμμων ''Ammon''). However, the description Pliny gives of the salt does not conform to the properties of ammonium chloride. According to Herbert Hoover, Herb ...
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Marshite
Marshite (CuI) is a naturally occurring isometric halide mineral with occasional silver (Ag) substitution for copper (Cu).Prior, G.T. (1902“The identity of kilbrickenite with geocronite: And analyses of miersite, marshite, and copper-pyrites” ''Mineralogical Magazine'', 13: 186–190.Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) "''The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc."'' John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: pp. 20-22. Solid solution between the silver end-member miersite and the copper end-member marshite has been found in these minerals from deposits in Broken Hill, Australia.Millsteed, P.W. (1998“Marshite - miersite solid solution and iodargyrite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia“ ''Mineralogical Magazine'', 62(4): 471–475. The mineral's name is derived f ...
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Lautarite
Calcium iodate is any of two inorganic compounds with the formula Ca(IO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 0 or 1. Both are colourless salts that occur as the minerals lautarite and bruggenite, respectively. A third mineral form of calcium iodate is dietzeite, a salt containing chromate with the formula Ca2(IO3)2CrO4. These minerals are the most common compounds containing iodate. Production and uses Lautarite, described as ''the'' most important mineral source of iodine, is mined in the Atacama Desert. Processing of the ore entails reduction of its aqueous extracts with sodium bisulfite to give sodium iodide. This comproportionation reaction is a major source of the sodium iodide. Calcium iodate can be produced by the anodic oxidation of calcium iodide or by passing chlorine into a hot solution of lime in which iodine has been dissolved. Calcium iodate is used as an iodine supplement in chicken feed. Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI) is a more typical source of nutritional io ...
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Halite
Halite ( ), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride ( Na Cl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. It commonly occurs with other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The name ''halite'' is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (''háls''). Occurrence Halite dominantly occurs within sedimentary rocks where it has formed from the evaporation of seawater or salty lake water. Vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals, including halite, can result from the drying up of enclosed lakes and restricted seas. Such salt beds may be hundreds of meters thick and underlie broad areas. Halite occurs at the surface today in playas in reg ...
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Eriochalcite
Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate , with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process. Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively. Structure Anhydrous copper(II) chloride adopts a distorted cadmium iodide structure. In this structure, the copper centers are octahedral. Most copper(II) compounds exhibit distortions from idealized octahedral geometry due to the Jahn-Teller effect, which in this case describes the localization of one d-electron into a molecular orbital that is strongly antibonding with respect to a pair of chloride ligands. In , the copper again adopts a highly distorted octahedral geometry, the Cu(II) centers being surrounded by two water ...
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