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Ghana–Togo Mountain Languages
The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (''Togo Remnant languages'') and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. They are part of the Kwa languages, Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo languages, Niger–Congo family. History of classification Bernhard Struck, in 1912, was the first to group together these languages under the label ''Semibantu von Mitteltogo''. Diedrich Hermann Westermann, Westermann, in his classification of the then Sudanic languages, adopted the grouping but called it ''Togorestsprachen''. This was mainly a loose geographical-typological grouping based on the elaborate noun class systems of the languages; lack of comparative data prevented a more definitive phylogenetic classification. Bernd Heine (1968) carried out comparative research among the group, establishing a basic division between ''Ka-Togo'' and ''Na-Togo'' based on the word for 'flesh' in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of cities in Ivory Coast, city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the Guinea–Ivory Coast border, northwest, Liberia to the Ivory Coast–Liberia border, west, Mali to the Ivory Coast–Mali border, northwest, Burkina Faso to the Burkina Faso–Ivory Coast border, northeast, Ghana to the Ghana–Ivory Coast border, east, and the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf of Guinea to the south. With 31.5 million inhabitants in 2024, Ivory Coast is the List of African countries by population, third-most populous country in West Africa. Its official language is French language, French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété languages, Bété, Baoulé language, Baoulé, Dyula language, Dyula, Dan language, Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ewe Language
Ewe (''EÊ‹e'' or ''EÊ‹egbe'' ) is a language spoken by approximately 5 million people in West Africa, mainly in Ghana and Togo. Ewe is part of a group of related languages commonly called the Gbe languages. The other major Gbe language is Fon, which is mainly spoken in Benin. Like many African languages, Ewe is tonal as well as a possible member of the Niger-Congo family. The German Africanist Diedrich Hermann Westermann published many dictionaries and grammars of Ewe and several other Gbe languages. Other linguists who have worked on Ewe and closely related languages include Gilbert Ansre (tone, syntax), Herbert Stahlke (morphology, tone), Nick Clements (tone, syntax), Roberto Pazzi (anthropology, lexicography), Felix K. Ameka (semantics, cognitive linguistics), Alan Stewart Duthie (semantics, phonetics), Hounkpati B. Capo (phonology, phonetics), Enoch Aboh (syntax), and Chris Collins (syntax). Dialects Some of the commonly named Ewe ('Vhe') dialects are ''AÅ‹ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kposo Language
Kposo language, or Ikposo ('), is the language of the Akposso people, mainly in the Plateau Region of Togo, west of Atakpamé, but also into eastern Ghana. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (''Togo Remnant languages'') and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. They are part of t ..., but does not have the system of noun classes that is characteristic of other languages in the group. Phonology Consonants * /É°/ may also be heard as a fricative £sound in free variation. Vowels References Ghana–Togo Mountain languages Languages of Togo Languages of Ghana {{Togo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bowili Language
The Bowili (Bowiri) language, ''Tuwuli'' (Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili, Tora), is spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (''Togo Remnant languages'') and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. They are part of t ... of the Kwa family. References Ghana–Togo Mountain languages Languages of Ghana {{Togo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahlo Language
The Ahlon language, ''Igo'', is spoken in the Plateau Region of Togo. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (''Togo Remnant languages'') and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. They are part of t ... of the Kwa family. Variations of its official name are ''Achlo, Ahlõ, Ahlo, Ahlon-Bogo, Ahonlan, Anlo''. Phonology Consonants The consonants of the Ahlon language are located in the chart below. Vowels Tones Ahlon has 3 tones. /˦/ for high tone, /˨/ for low tone, and /˧/ for mid tone. References Ghana–Togo Mountain languages Languages of Togo {{Togo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyangbo-Tafi Language
The Nyangbo-Tafi language is spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is considered one of the Ghana–Togo Mountain languages of the Kwa family. It consists of two distinct varieties which ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...'' treats as separate languages, Nyangbo (''Tutrugbu'') and Tafi (''Tegbo''). The differences are reported to be only phonological but people without prior contact have only 67% intelligibility with the other variety. References Sources * Languages of Ghana Ghana–Togo Mountain languages {{kwa-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avatime Language
Avatime, also known as Afatime, Sideme, or Sia, is a Kwa language of the Avatime (self designation: (m.sg.)) people of eastern Ghana. The Avatime live primarily in the seven towns and villages of Amedzofe, Vane, Gbadzeme, Dzokpe, Biakpa, Dzogbefeme, and Fume. Phonology Avatime is a tonal language with three tones, has vowel harmony, and has been claimed to have doubly articulated fricatives. Vowels Avatime has nine vowels, , though the vowels have been overlooked in most descriptions of the language. It is not clear if the difference between and is one of advanced and retracted tongue root (laryngeal contraction), as in so many languages of Ghana, or of vowel height: different phonetic parameters support different analyses.Since the IPA does not have distinct letters for ±ATR vowels, they are transcribed here as differing in height for legibility. Avatime has vowel harmony. A root many not mix vowels of the relaxed and contracted sets, and prefixes change vowels to ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basila Language
The Anii is a Guan language (sometimes called '' Bassila or Baseca,'' also known as ''Oji-Ouji, Ouinji-Ouinji, Winji-Winji,'' though this is derogatory) which is spoken in Benin, central-eastern Togo and central eastern Ghana by Makɔ-Makua or Bakɔ-Bakua clan. It is part of the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (formerly known as the ''Togorestsprachen'' or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. There are four major dialect groups in Anii, which are quite different from each other, even to the point that some of the dialects are not mutually intelligible. These differences may include variation in phonology (including tonology), lexicon, syntax, and semantics. There are significant differences from village to village within groups, particularly regarding pronunciation. The name "Anii" was chosen in May 1979 by the Anii people as the official name for the language because it is a word that is common to all the Anii dialects. It is an int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adele Language
The Adele language is spoken in central eastern Ghana and central western Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le .... It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the ''Togorestsprachen'' or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. The speakers themselves, the Adele people, call the language ''Gidire''. Writing system In Ghana, the Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation (GILLBT) developed an alphabet to translate the Bible into Adele. The Adele alphabet used in Togo is essentially the same, however Rongier uses fewer digraphs at the index of his Adele-French dictionary. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * External links Listen to a sample of Adele fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logba Language
Logba is a Kwa language spoken in the south-eastern Ghana by approximately 7,500 people. The Logba people call themselves and their language ''Ikpana'', which means ‘defenders of truth’. Logba is different from Lukpa of Togo and Benin, which is also sometimes referred to as ''Logba''. Classification The first published treatment of Logba was a short grammar by Diedrich Hermann Westermann (1903). Westermann included Logba in his group of ''Togo Restsprachen'' (Togo Remnant languages), a terminology adopted by several subsequent researchers. Dakubu and Ford (1988) renamed this cluster the Central Togo languages but since Ring (1995) they are commonly referred to as Ghana–Togo Mountain languages. The dozen or so Ghana–Togo Mountain languages are part of the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. Geography and demography The Logba people live in the Volta Region of Ghana, east of the Volta Lake in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. Most Logba towns and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santrokofi Language
Santrokofi or Selee (''Sεlεε'', name of both people and language) is spoken in the mountainous central part of the Volta Region of Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t .... It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana Togo Mountain languages (traditionally called the ''Togorestsprachen'' or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. References Languages of Ghana Ghana–Togo Mountain languages {{kwa-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Likpe Language
Likpe or Sekpele (also ''Bosele, Mu'') is spoken in the mountainous lower part of the Oti Region of Ghana. It belongs to the geographic group of Ghana–Togo Mountain languages The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (''Togo Remnant languages'') and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland. They are part of t ... (traditionally called the or Togo Remnant languages) of the Kwa branch of Niger–Congo. Phonology Consonants * and are rare. * Clusters include , , and . Vowels Tones Likpe has three tones: high, low, and mid. Notes References * Further reading * * * External links * ELAR archive oDescription and Documentation of Sekpele Languages of Ghana Ghana–Togo Mountain languages {{kwa-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
