|
Geology Of Quebec
The geology of Quebec involves several different geologic provinces, made up of ancient Precambrian crystalline igneous and metamorphic rock, overlain by younger sedimentary rocks and soils. Most of southern Quebec is dominated by the Grenville Province, while the vast north is divided between the large Superior Province and the Churchill Province to the east, near Labrador. Geologic history, stratigraphy & tectonics The Grenville Province, which dominates southern Quebec, particularly the northern shore of the St. Lawrence formed beginning in the Archean, more than 2.5 billion years ago. Geologists subdivide the Grenville Province into the Allochthon along the river itself and the more northern Parautochthon. The Parautochthon is a band running parallel to the Grenville Front, which varies in width from Labrador to northeastern Georgian Bay on Lake Huron. Parautochthonous rocks are made up composed of ancient Archean and Proterozoic rocks that are highly deformed plutonic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibolite
Amphibolite () is a metamorphic rock that contains amphibole, especially hornblende and actinolite, as well as plagioclase feldspar, but with little or no quartz. It is typically dark-colored and dense, with a weakly foliated or schistose (flaky) structure. The small flakes of black and white in the rock often give it a salt-and-pepper appearance. Amphibolite frequently forms by metamorphism of mafic igneous rocks, such as basalt. However, because metamorphism creates minerals entirely based upon the chemistry of the protolith, certain 'dirty marls' and volcanic sediments may also metamorphose to an amphibolite assemblage. Deposits containing dolomite and siderite also readily yield amphibolite ( tremolite-schist, grunerite-schist, and others) especially where there has been a certain amount of contact metamorphism by adjacent granitic masses. Metamorphosed basalt (metabasalt) creates ''ortho-amphibolite'' and other chemically appropriate lithologies create ''par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaspé Peninsula
The Gaspé Peninsula, also known as Gaspesia (, ; ), is a peninsula along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River that extends from the Matapedia Valley in Quebec, Canada, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is separated from New Brunswick on its southern side by baie des Chaleurs, Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River. The name ''Gaspé'' comes from the Mi'kmaq word , meaning "end", referring to the end of the land. The Gaspé Peninsula is slightly larger than Belgium, at . The population is 140,599 as of the 2011 Canadian census, 2011 census.The population of the Gaspe Peninsula is determined by adding the population of two federal electoral districts, Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia and Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine, while subtracting that of the Magdalen Islands. It is also noted as the only region outside the Channel Islands to contain native speakers of Jèrriais, Jersey Norman. Geography Sea cliffs dominate the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nain Province
In Labrador, Canada, the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province. The Nain geologic province was intruded by the Nain Plutonic Suite, which divides the province into the northern Saglek block and the southern Hopedale block. North Atlantic Craton The North Atlantic Craton is exposed in parts of the coast of Labrador, parts of central Greenland, the Scourian Complex of northwestern Scotland and is unexposed in northern Norway. The North Atlantic Craton fragmented 2450 to 2000 million years ago. When North America and Europe rejoined, the North Atlantic Craton was triangular shaped with each side ; this unit was separated when the Labrador Sea formed 61 to 40 million years ago. The crust of the North Atlantic Craton varies between thick and its rocks are 85% granitoid gneisses. The Nain Province was intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite; composite anorthosite-granitic intrusions which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek Bloc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Bay
James Bay (, ; ) is a large body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island. Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectricity, hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Indigenous peoples in Canada, Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Grand Council of the Crees, Cree of northern Quebec. As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer. History Human presence along the shores of the bay began after the retreat of the glaciers at the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nunavut
Nunavut is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the ''Nunavut Act'' and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, ''Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act'', which provided this territory to the Inuit for self-government. The boundaries had been drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the territorial evolution of Canada, first major change to Canada's political map in half a century since the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) was admitted in 1949. Nunavut comprises a major portion of Northern Canada and most of the Arctic Archipelago. Its vast territory makes it the list of the largest country subdivisions by area, fifth-largest country subdivision in the world, as well as North America's second-largest (after Greenland). The capital Iqaluit (formerly "Frobisher Bay"), on Baffin Island in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ungava Peninsula
The Ungava Peninsula (), officially (), is the far northwestern part of the Labrador Peninsula of the province of Quebec, Canada. Bounded by Hudson Bay to the west, Hudson Strait to the north, and Ungava Bay to the east, it covers about . Its northernmost point is Cape Wolstenholme, which is also the northernmost point of Quebec. The peninsula is also part of the Canadian Shield, and consists entirely of treeless tundra dissected by large numbers of rivers and glacial lakes, flowing generally east–west in a parallel fashion. The peninsula was not deglaciated until 6,500 years ago (11,500 years after the Last Glacial Maximum) and is believed to have been the prehistoric centre from which the vast Laurentide Ice Sheet spread over most of North America during the last glacial epoch. The Unavuk Peninsula is part of the Nunavik proposed autonomous area of Quebec. Demographics The Ungava Peninsula has an estimated population of 10,000 inhabitants. These are 90% Inuit, and liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superior Craton
The Superior Craton is a stable fault block, crustal block covering Quebec, Ontario, and southeast Manitoba in Canada, and northern Minnesota in the United States. It is the biggest craton among those formed during the Archean period. A craton is a large part of the Earth's Crust (geology), crust that has been stable and subjected to very little geological changes over a long time. The size of Superior Craton is about 1,572,000 km2. The craton underwent a series of events from 4.3 to 2.57 Year#SI prefix multipliers, Ga. These events included the growth, drifting and deformation of both Oceanic crust, oceanic and continental crusts. Researchers have divided the Superior Craton into many different domains based on rock types and deformation styles. These domains (grouped into western and eastern superior provinces), include the North Superior Superterrane and Wawa Terrane, among others (shown in the table below). Studies on the formation of the Superior Craton varied in progress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield ( ), also called the Laurentian Shield or the Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States. Geographical extent The Canadian Shield is a physiographic division comprising four smaller physiographic provinces: the Laurentian Upland, Kazan Region, Davis and James. The shield extends into the United States as the Adirondack Mountains ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabbro
Gabbro ( ) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained and magnesium- and iron-rich), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term ''gabbro'' may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". By rough analogy, gabbro is to basalt as granite is to rhyolite. Etymology The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apennine Mountains in Italy. It was named after Gabbro, a hamlet near Rosignano Marittimo in Tuscany. Then, in 1809, the German geologist Christian Leopold von Buch used the term more restrictively in his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migmatite
Migmatite is a composite rock (geology), rock found in medium and high-grade metamorphic environments, commonly within Precambrian craton, cratonic blocks. It consists of two or more constituents often layered repetitively: one layer is an older metamorphic rock that was reconstituted subsequently by partial melting ("paleosome"), while the alternate layer has a Pegmatite, pegmatitic, Aplite, aplitic, Granite, granitic or generally plutonic appearance ("neosome"). Commonly, migmatites occur below deformed metamorphic rocks that represent the base of eroded mountain chains. Migmatites form under extreme temperature and pressure conditions during Metamorphism#Prograde and retrograde, prograde metamorphism, when partial melting occurs in metamorphic paleosome. Components Solid solution, exsolved by partial melting are called neosome (meaning ‘new body’), which may or may not be heterogeneous at the microscopic to macroscopic scale. Migmatites often appear as tightly, incoheren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
