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Flora Of Ireland
Ireland is in the Atlantic European Province of the Circumboreal Region, a floristic region within the Holarctic. Composition of the flora Ireland has a small flora for a European country because of its small size, lack of geological and ecological variation and its Pleistocene history. There are 3,815 species of plant listed for Ireland:G.T. Higgins, J.R. Martin, P.M. PerriNATIONAL SURVEY OF NATIVE WOODLAND IN IRELANDMarch 2004 *Phylum Anthocerotophyta – hornworts: 3 species *Phylum Bryophyta – mosses: 556 species *Phylum Charophyta – charophytes: 244 species *Phylum Chlorophyta – green algae: 148 species *Phylum Lycopodiophyta – clubmosses: 9 species *Phylum Magnoliophyta – flowering plants: 2,196 species *Phylum Marchantiophyta – liverworts: 229 species *Phylum Pinophyta – pines: 12 species *Phylum Pteridophyta – ferns: 79 species *Phylum Rhodophyta – red algae: 339 species An additional 2,512 species of fungus occur in Ireland. *Phylum Acrasiomycota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andromeda Polifolia 001
Andromeda most commonly refers to: * Andromeda (mythology), a princess from Greek mythology * Andromeda (constellation), a region of the Earth's night sky * The Andromeda Galaxy, an astronomical object within the constellation Andromeda may also refer to: Artistic works Fine art * ''Andromeda Chained to the Rocks'', a 1631 painting by Rembrandt * ''Andromeda (Rodin)'', an 1889 sculpture by Auguste Rodin Literature * Andromeda (play), ''Andromeda'' (play), lost mythological tragedy by Euripides from 412 BC * Andromeda (novel), ''Andromeda'' (novel), 1957 science fiction novel by Ivan Yefremov * The Andromeda Strain, ''The Andromeda'' Strain, 1969 techno-thriller novel by Michael Crichton * ''The Andromeda Evolution'', 2019 science fiction novel by Daniel H. Wilson, sequel to ''The Andromeda Strain'' Music Classical * "Andromède", a symphonic poem written by French composer Augusta Holmès, 1883 * ''Andromeda'', a cantata for the Three Choirs Festival by English compose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinophyta
Conifers () are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All extant conifers are perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". ''Biology''. 7th ed. 2005. Print. p. 595. As of 2002, Pinophyta contained seven families, 60 to 65 genera, and more than 600 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecologically important. They are the dominant plants over large areas of land, most notably the taiga of the Northern Hemisphere, but also in similar cool climates in mountains further south. Boreal conifers have many wintertime adapta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocene
The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene is an interglacial period within the ongoing Ice age, glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and is equivalent to Marine isotope stages, Marine Isotope Stage 1. The Holocene correlates with the last maximum axial tilt towards the Sun of the Earth#Axial tilt and seasons, Earth's obliquity. The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth, and impacts of the human species worldwide, including Recorded history, all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban culture, urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global significance for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
311 Rubus Chamaemorus
311 may refer to: * 311 (number), a natural number * AD 311, a year of the Julian calendar, in the fourth century AD * 311 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar * 311 (band), an American band ** ''311'' (album), band 311's self-titled album * 311 (DSM-IV), DSM-IV code for "Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" * 311 Boyz, a teen gang in Las Vegas, Nevada * 311 Claudia, a main-belt asteroid * 3-1-1, the telephone number of local information service operated by some local governments in the United States and Canada * 3-1-1 for Carry-Ons, a procedure enacted by the United States Transportation Security Administration * 311 earthquake, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami off Japan * 311, the area code of a common fictitious telephone number (311-555-2368) used in early Bell System ads and in fiction * For the KKK code '311', see the list of symbols designated by the Anti-Defamation League as hate symbols This is a list of hate symbols, including acronyms, nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygomycota
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former phylum, division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two Phylum, phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycotina, Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Some are parasites of plants, insects, and small animals, while others form symbiotic relationships with plants. Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocyte, coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae. Zygomycota is no longer recognised as it was not believed to be truly monophyletic. Etymology The name ''Zygomycota'' refers to the zygosporangium, zygosporangia characteristically formed by the members of this clade, in which resistant spherical Zygospore, spores are formed during sexual reproduction. ''Zygos'' is Greek language, Greek for "joining" or "a yoke", referring to the fusion of two hyphae, hyphal strands which produces t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oomycota
The Oomycetes (), or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles. They are filamentous and heterotrophic, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction of an oospore is the result of contact between hyphae of male antheridia and female oogonia; these spores can overwinter and are known as resting spores. Asexual reproduction involves the formation of chlamydospores and sporangia, producing motile zoospores. Oomycetes occupy both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as late blight of potato and sudden oak death. One oomycete, the mycoparasite '' Pythium oligandrum'', is used for biocontrol, attacking plant pathogenic fungi. The oomycetes are also often referred to as water molds (or water moulds), although the water-preferring nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycetozoa
Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds. It was originally thought to be a monophyletic clade, but in 2010 it was discovered that protostelia are a polyphyletic group within Conosa. Classification It can be divided into dictyostelid, myxogastrid, and protostelid groups. The mycetozoan groups all fit into the unikont supergroup Amoebozoa, whereas most other slime molds fit into various bikont groups ( fonticulids are opisthokonts). Utility in research The dictyostelids are used as examples of cell communication and differentiation, and may provide insights into how multicellular organisms develop. '' Physarum polycephalum'' are useful for studying cytoplasmic streaming. They have also been used to study the biochemical events that surround mitosis, since all of the nuclei in a medium-sized plasmodium divide in synchrony. It has been observed that they can find their way through mazes by spreading out and choosing the shortest path, an interesting example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsporidia
Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming unicellular parasites. These spores contain an extrusion apparatus that has a coiled polar tube ending in an anchoring disc at the apical part of the spore.Franzen, C. (2005). How do Microsporidia invade cells?. Folia Parasitologica, 52(1–2), 36–40. doi.org/10.14411/fp.2005.005 They were once considered protozoans or protists, but are now known to be fungi, or a sister group to true fungi. These fungal microbes are obligate eukaryotic parasites that use a unique mechanism to infect host cells. They have recently been discovered in a 2017 Cornell study to infect Coleoptera (beetles) on a large scale. So far, about 1500 of the probably more than one million species are named. Microsporidia are restricted to animal hosts, and all major groups of animals host microsporidia. Most infect insects, but they are also responsible for common diseases of crustaceans and fish. The named species of microsporidia usually infect one host species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ('), meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoospores. Chytrids are one of the earliest diverging fungal lineages, and their membership in kingdom Fungi is demonstrated with chitin cell walls, a posterior whiplash flagellum, absorptive nutrition, use of glycogen as an energy storage compound, and synthesis of lysine by the -amino adipic acid (AAA) pathway. Chytrids are saprobic, degrading refractory materials such as chitin and keratin, and sometimes act as parasites. There has been a significant increase in the research of chytrids since the discovery of '' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'', the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. Classification Species of Chytridiomycota have traditionally been delineated and classified based on development, morphology, substrate, and method of zoospore disch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: agarics, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and '' Cryptococcus'', the human pathogenic yeast. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores (usually four). These specialized spores are called basidiospores. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (), a microscopic sexual reproduction, sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of Ascomycota are Asexual reproduction, asexual and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, yeast#Beer, brewers' and bakers' yeast, Xylaria, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (containing all of the descendants of a common ancestor). Previously placed in the Basidiomycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or Teleomorph, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrasiomycota
The family Acrasidae (ICZN, or Acrasiomycota, ICBN) is a family of slime molds which belongs to the excavate group Heterolobosea. The name element - comes from the Greek ''akrasia'', meaning "acting against one's judgement". This group consists of cellular slime molds. The terms "Acrasiomycota" or "Acrasiomycetes" have been used when the group was classified as a fungus ("-mycota"). In some classifications, ''Dictyostelium'' was placed in Acrasiomycetes, an artificial group of cellular slime molds, which was characterized by the aggregation of individual amoebae into a multicellular fruiting body, making it an important factor that related the acrasids to the dictyostelids. Each cell keeps its individuality even when it forms a stalk and fruiting body to reproduce. Slime molds were originally thought to be in a monophyletic group ''Mycetozoa'', with little distinction between ''Acrasis'' and ''Dictyostelids'', however scientists uncovered that they were distinct groups, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
