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Epidendroideae Tribes
Epidendroideae is a subfamily of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Epidendroideae is larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together, comprising more than 15,000 species in 576 genera. Most epidendroid orchids are tropical epiphytes, typically with pseudobulbs. There are, however, some terrestrials such as ''Epipactis'' and even a few myco-heterotrophs, which are parasitic upon mycorrhizal fungi. They typically contain the remaining orchids with a single, fertile anther ( = monandrous), which is also fully incumbent ( = strongly convex) to suberect (= ascending towards the edges). The anther form arises from column elongation or, as in the vandoids, from early anther bending. The incumbent anther forms a right angle with the column axis or is pointed backward in many genera. Most have hard pollinia, i.e. a mass of waxy pollen or of coherent pollen grains. The pollinia are with caudicle and viscidium or without. The stigma are entire or three-lobed; a beak is prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Schomburgkii
''Epidendrum macrocarpum'', widely known as ''Epidendrum schomburgkii'', is a species of orchid in the genus ''Epidendrum'', and the largest-flowering crucifix orchid species. Reichenbach thought that '' E. fulgens'' and ''E. schomburgkii'' var. ''confluens'' were both synonyms for this species. Description ''E. macrocarpum'' has been placed (as ''E. schomburgkii'') in the subgenus ''E.'' subg. ''Amphiglottium'', and like other members of this subgenus, it exhibits a sympodial form of growth with un-swollen stems covered by the close, imbricating distichous sheathes, which are leaf bearing above, and a peduncle covered from its base with close, imbricating sheathes. The stems of this epiphyte grow to 1 m tall.C. Dodson and R. Vásquez, "EPIDENDRUM SCHOMBURGKII Lindl.", plate 0335 of ''Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II Orchids of Bolivia'', Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 1989. The oblong obtuse fleshy leaves grow to 10&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Column (botany)
The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families: Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and Stylidiaceae. It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. The top part of the column is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap. This means that the ''style'' and ''stigma'' of the pistil, with the filaments and one or more anthers, are all united. Orchidaceae The stigma sits at the apex of the column in the front but is pointing downwards after resupination (the rotation by 180 degrees before unfolding of the flower). This stigma has the form of a small bowl, the clinandrium, a viscous surface embedding the (generally) single anther. On top of it all is the anther cap. Sometimes there is a small extension or little beak to the median stigma lobe, called rostellum. Column wings may project laterally from the stigma. The column foot is formed by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendreae
The tribe Epidendreae of the Orchidaceae, within the subfamily Epidendroideae, includes six subtribes, approximately 120 genera, and over 6,000 species. Popular among orchid collectors, it features well-known genera such as Laelia, Cattleya, and Encyclia, as well as smaller species like Dracula, Dryadella, Masdevallia, and Restrepia. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae are complex, particularly between the Tribes Epidendreae and Arethuseae. Analyses using DNA sequencing models and parsimony methods reveal some consensus but lack conclusive results for certain relationships. Most orchid classifications based on morphology separate the Tribes Epidendreae and Arethuseae, following the taxonomy in Genera Orchidacearum, which recognizes Arethuseae as an independent tribe. The tribe comprises six subtribes: * Agrostophyllinae * Bletiinae * Calypsoinae * Laeliinae * Pleurothallidinae * Ponerinae Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of ants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arethuseae
Arethuseae is a mid-sized tribe of orchids in the subfamily Epidendroideae. This tribe was initially categorized by John Lindley John Lindley Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidology, orchidologist. Early years Born in Old Catton, Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four c ... in 1840. Its largest subtribes are Arethusinae and Coelogyninae. Bletiinae was once considered a subtribe of Arethuseae, but it was moved to Epidendreae in 2005.C. Van den Berg "Artificial key to the subtribes of Epidendreae" in Pridgeon, Crib, Chase & Rasmussen, Eds.''Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one)'' p. 164. Oxford University Press, 2005 Sobraliinae has been considered a subtribe of Arethuseae, but is now recognized at the rank of tribe within the subfamily Epidendroideae. The genus '' Thunia'' has been considered to be the only genus in the subtribe Thuniinae, but is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaf, leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem, engages in photosynthesis, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue. The stem can also be called the culm, halm, haulm, stalk, or thyrsus. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: * The nodes are the points of attachment for leaves and can hold one or more leaves. There are sometimes axillary buds between the stem and leaf which can grow into branches (with leaf, leaves, conifer cones, or inflorescence, flowers). Adventitious roots (e.g. brace roots) may also be produced from the nodes. Vines may produce tendrils from nodes. * The internodes distance one node from another. The term "Shoot (botany), shoots" is often confused with "stems"; "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth, including both stems and other str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf
A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the plant stem, stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the Shoot (botany), shoot system. In most leaves, the primary Photosynthesis, photosynthetic Tissue (biology), tissue is the palisade mesophyll and is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf, but in some species, including the mature foliage of ''Eucalyptus'', palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. The leaf is an integral part of the stem system, and most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper (Glossary of botanical terms#adaxial, adaxial) and lower (Glossary of botanical terms#abaxial, abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, Trichome, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locule
A locule (: locules) or loculus (; : loculi) is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism (animal, plant, or fungus). In angiosperms (flowering plants), the term ''locule'' usually refers to a chamber within an ovary (gynoecium or carpel) of the flower and fruits. Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, fruits can be classified as (uni-locular), , , or . The number of locules present in a gynoecium may be equal to or less than the number of carpels. The locules contain the ovules or seeds. The term may also refer to chambers within anthers containing pollen. In ascomycetous fungi, locules are chambers within the hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ... in which the perithecia develop. References Plant anatomy Plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovary (plants)
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals. The pistil may be made up of one carpel or of several fused carpels (e.g. dicarpel or tricarpel), and therefore the ovary can contain part of one carpel or parts of several fused carpels. Above the ovary is the style and the stigma, which is where the pollen lands and germinates to grow down through the style to the ovary, and, for each individual pollen grain, to fertilize one individual ovule. Some wind pollinated flowers have much reduced and modified ovaries. Fruits A fruit is the mature, ripened ovary of a flower following double fertilization in an angiosperm. Because gymnosperms do not have an ovary but reproduce through fertilization of unprotected ovules, they produce naked seeds that do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (botany)
In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described. file:Helicteres-Yucatán-Flowers.jpg, The long stipe of a '' Helicteres'' flower. file:Helicteres-Yucatán-Fruits.jpg, remains as each flower forms a fruit. In the case of ferns, the stipe is only the petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis. In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower's ovary. In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak). A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem-like part of the thallus of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostellum
The rostellum is a projecting part of the column in Orchidaceae flowers, and separates the male androecium from the female gynoecium, commonly preventing self-fertilisation. In many orchids, such as '' Orchis mascula'', the pollinia or pollen masses, are connected by stipes down to adhesive discs attached to the rostellum which forms cups keeping the discs or balls sticky. In '' Catasetum'' flowers the rostellum projects forward at each side as an "antenna", and the pollen masses are connected by a bent stalk or pedicel to a sticky disc kept moist at the back of the flower. When an insect touches an "antenna", this releases the bent pedicel which springs straight and fires the pollinium, sticky disc first, at the insect. Charles Darwin described in ''Fertilisation of Orchids ''Fertilisation of Orchids'' is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin published on 15 May 1862 under the full explanatory title ''On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpel
Gynoecium (; ; : gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) '' pistils'' and is typically surrounded by the pollen-producing reproductive organs, the stamens, collectively called the androecium. The gynoecium is often referred to as the "female" portion of the flower, although rather than directly producing female gametes (i.e. egg cells), the gynoecium produces megaspores, each of which develops into a female gametophyte which then produces egg cells. The term gynoecium is also used by botanists to refer to a cluster of archegonia and any associated modified leaves or stems present on a gametophyte shoot in mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. The corresponding terms for the male parts of those plants are clusters of antheridia within the androecium. Flowers that bear a gynoecium but no stame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscidium
A pollinium (: pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae). Usage of the term differs: in some orchids two masses of pollen are well attached to one another, but in other orchids there are two halves (with two separate viscidia) each of which is sometimes referred to as a pollinium. Most orchids have waxy pollinia. These are connected to one or two elongate stipes, which in turn are attached to a sticky viscidium, a disc-shaped structure that sticks to a visiting insect. Some orchid genera have mealy pollinia. These are tapering into a caudicle (stalk), attached to the viscidium. They extend into the middle section of the column. The pollinarium is a collective term that means either (1) the complete set of pollinia from all the anthers of a flower, as in Asclepiadoideae, ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
