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Epicephala
''Epicephala'' (leafflower moths) is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. ''Epicephala'' is of note in the fields of Anthecology, pollination biology and coevolution because many species in this genus are pollinators of plants in the genera ''Glochidion'', ''Phyllanthus'', and ''Breynia'' (Phyllanthaceae). These pollinating ''Epicephala'' actively pollinate the flowers of their host plants—thereby ensuring that the plants may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries, where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment.Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. (2009) "Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-''Epicephala'' association." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B.'' 276: 417–426. This relationship is similar to other specialized pollinating seed-predation mutualism (biology), mutualisms such as those between Ficus, figs and fig wasps and yuccas and Prodoxidae, yucca moths. Other species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Corruptrix
''Epicephala corruptrix'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found on the Ryukyu Archipelago (Amami Island, Tokuno Island, Okinawa Island, Ishigaki Island and Iriomote Island). The wingspan is 7.2–8.8 mm. The forewings are brown with a narrow white band on the dorsum from the base to 2/3 of the entire length and with two pairs of narrow white bands beginning at the costal and dorsal margin near 1/2 to 3/4 length of the wing and extending obliquely toward the wing apex, terminating before reaching mid-width of the wing. The dorso-distal band is accompanied by another parallel band of same size on the distal position and there is a narrow silver band with metallic reflection extending from the costa to the dorsum at 5/6 length. The distal 1/6 is orange-brown with a black dot centrally, franked by short white band near the dorsum. The distal end is fringed with a narrow white band. The hindwings are brown. The larvae feed on the seeds of ''Glochidion obovatum'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Anthophilia
''Epicephala anthophilia'' is a moth Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ... of the family Gracillariidae. It is found on a few islands with high elevation in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Amami Island and Okinawa Island). The host plant, ''Glochidion acuminatum'' is distributed throughout Southeast Asia from southern Japan to India, so this species is likely to be found in other parts of the host plant's range. The wingspan is 9.2–11 mm. The forewings are brown with a narrow white band on the dorsum from the base to two-thirds of the entire length. There are three pairs of white bands beginning at the costal and dorsal margins near 1/2 to three-fourths length of the wing and extending obliquely toward the wing apex, terminating before reaching mid-width of the wing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Colymbetella
''Epicephala colymbetella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. The larvae feed on ''Glochidion ferdinandi''. They feed in the seed capsules. The related '' E. spinula'' of the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia French Polynesia ( ; ; ) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole #Governance, overseas country. It comprises 121 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over more than in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. The t ...) was for several decades erroneously included in the present species. References Epicephala Moths of Australia Moths described in 1947 {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Bipollenella
''Epicephala bipollenella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Fujian, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...Zhang, J., Hu, B., Wang, S. & Li, H. (2012). "Six new species of ''Epicephala'' Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthaceae plants." ''Zootaxa'' 3275: 43-54. and the Ryukyu Archipelago. The larvae feed on '' Glochidion hirsutum'' and '' Glochidion zeylanicum''. References Epicephala Moths described in 2012 {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glochidion
''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pacific Islands. ''Glochidion'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Aenetus eximia'' and '' Endoclita damor''. The Nicobarese people have attested to the medicinal properties found in ''G. calocarpum'', saying that its bark and seed are most effective in curing abdominal disorders associated with amoebiasis. ''Glochidion'' are of note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus '' Epicephala'' (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries, where their larvae consume a subset of the developing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Domina
''Epicephala domina'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ... (Hainan). The length of the forewings is 7.5−11 mm. The forewings are greyish brown to deep brown with three pairs of white striae from both the costal and dorsal margins at two-fifths, three-fifths and four-fifths extending obliquely outward to the middle as well as to end and outside of the cell. The third dorsal striae is broader and more distinct. The dorsal margin has a broad white band extending from the base to the tornal area and there is a narrow silvery-white fascia with metallic reflection from the costal six-seventh to the dorsal margin. The distal one-seventh is yellowish brown, with a central black dot and with a triangular whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breynia
''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recognized despite the existence of an earlier use of the same name to refer to a different plant. ''Breynia'' L. 1753 is in the Capparaceae, but it is a rejected name. We here discuss ''Breynia'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 1776. In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that ''Breynia'' be subsumed in ''Phyllanthus''; however, new combinations in ''Phyllanthus'' for former ''Breynia'' species remain to be published. ''Breynia'' are of special note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus ''Epicephala'' (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Camurella
''Epicephala camurella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ... (Hainan). The length of the forewings is 7−10 mm. The forewings are greyish brown to brown, sometimes tinged with ochreous scales and with three pairs of white striae from both the costal and dorsal margins at one-third, three-fifths and four-fifths, extending obliquely outward to the middle and end of the cell as well as to outside of the cell. The second dorsal stria is longest and extends to six-seventh. The dorsal margin has a broad white band from the base to the tornus and there is a silvery-white fascia with metallic reflection from the costal six-seventh to the dorsal margin, nearly straight. The distal one-seventh is ochreous, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Angustisaccula
''Epicephala angustisaccula'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ... (Hainan). The length of the forewings is 7−8.5 mm. The forewings are greyish brown to deep brown and the costal margin has three parallel white striae obliquely extending outward from the basal one-third, halfway and three-fourths respectively, the first and third striae broad and short, reaching one-thirds of the wing width, the second stria narrow and long, reaching midwing. There is a broad creamy white band extending from the base to the tornus along the dorsal margin, its upper margin extended to a broad, ill-defined white stria at two-fifths, reaching below the fold dorsally, the second white stria from two-thirds obliquely outw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllanthus
''Phyllanthus'' is the largest genus in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number of species in this genus vary widely, from 750David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book.'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press. to 1200. ''Phyllanthus'' has a remarkable diversity of growth forms including annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, climbers, floating aquatics, and pachycaulous succulents. Some have flattened leaflike stems called cladodes. It has a wide variety of floral morphologies and chromosome numbers and has one of the widest range of pollen types of any seed plant genus. Despite their variety, almost all ''Phyllanthus'' species express a specific type of growth called "phyllanthoid branching" in which the vertical stems bear deciduous, floriferous (flower-bearing), plagiotropic (horizontal or oblique) stems. The leaves on the main (vertical) axes are reduced to scales called "cataphylls", while leaves on the other axes develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Acrobaphes
''Epicephala acrobaphes'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ..., Australia. References Epicephala Moths described in 1900 {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicephala Albifrons
''Epicephala albifrons'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from India (Karnataka, West Bengal and Kerala), Indonesia (Buru), Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The larvae feed on ''Phyllanthus'' species, including ''Phyllanthus niruri ''Phyllanthus niruri'' in the genus ''Phyllanthus'' of the family Phyllanthaceae is a widespread tropical plant commonly found in coastal areas from Texas southward through Mexico, Central America, and wide regions of South America. It has the ...''. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant. References Epicephala Moths of Asia Moths described in 1859 {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
