Eleman Languages

	Eleman Languages The Eleman languages are a language family, family spoken around Kerema Bay, Papua New Guinea. Languages and classification The five languages of Eleman proper are clearly related. They were identified as a family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1907, and would later be incorporated in the Trans–New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). * ? ''Kaki Ae language, Kaki Ae (Tate)'' * Eleman family West: Keuru language, Keuru, Opao language, Opao, Orokolo language, Orokolo East: Toaripi language, Toaripi, Tairuma language, Tairuma (Uaripi) Purari language, Purari was included by Brown (1968), but the only evidence is the 1sg pronoun ''nai'', which might simply be a reflection of TNG na. The purported evidence for including Eleman in the Trans–New Guinea family lies in Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) shows regular sound correspondences between Kaki Ae and Eleman, including Kaki Ae ''n'' to Eleman r, so Kaki Ae ''nao'' 1sg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Kerema Bay Kerema Bay is a bay in Papua New Guinea. It is located in the Gulf Province next to the capital city Kerema, 230 km northwest of Port Moresby. The climate in the region is Tropical rainforest climate, tropical. References Bays of Papua New Guinea Gulf Province {{GulfProvince-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Toaripi Language Toaripi, or East Elema, is a Trans–New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Phonology Consonants Vowels External links * Paradisec haa number of collections with Toaripi language materials References Eleman languages Languages of Gulf Province {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Eleman Languages The Eleman languages are a language family, family spoken around Kerema Bay, Papua New Guinea. Languages and classification The five languages of Eleman proper are clearly related. They were identified as a family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1907, and would later be incorporated in the Trans–New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). * ? ''Kaki Ae language, Kaki Ae (Tate)'' * Eleman family West: Keuru language, Keuru, Opao language, Opao, Orokolo language, Orokolo East: Toaripi language, Toaripi, Tairuma language, Tairuma (Uaripi) Purari language, Purari was included by Brown (1968), but the only evidence is the 1sg pronoun ''nai'', which might simply be a reflection of TNG na. The purported evidence for including Eleman in the Trans–New Guinea family lies in Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) shows regular sound correspondences between Kaki Ae and Eleman, including Kaki Ae ''n'' to Eleman r, so Kaki Ae ''nao'' 1sg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Malcolm Ross (linguist) Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like spli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Language Isolate A language isolate is a language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with any other languages. Basque in Europe, Ainu and Burushaski in Asia, Sandawe in Africa, Haida and Zuni in North America, Kanoê in South America, and Tiwi in Oceania are all examples of such languages. The exact number of language isolates is yet unknown due to insufficient data on several languages. One explanation for the existence of language isolates is that they might be the last remaining member of a larger language family. Such languages might have had relatives in the past that have since disappeared without being documented, leaving them an orphaned language. One example is the Ket language spoken in central Siberia, which belongs to the wider Yeniseian language family; had it been discovered in recent times independently from its now extinct relatives, such as Yugh and Kott, it would have been classified as an isolate. Another explanation for language isolates is that they aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Glottolog ''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists. Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath. Overview Sebastian Nordhoff and Harald Hammarström established the Glottolog/Langdoc project in 2011. The creation of ''Glottolog'' was partly motivated by the lack of a comprehensive language bibliography, especially in ''Ethnologue''. Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on individual languages. It differs from ''Ethnologue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Purari Language Purari (Namau) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Names Purari is also known as ''Koriki, Evorra, I'ai, Maipua,'' and ''Namau.'' "Namau" is a colonial term which means "deaf (lit.), inattentive, or stupid (Williams 1924: 4)." Today people of the Purari Delta find this term very offensive. F. E. Williams reports that the " interpreter suggests that by some misunderstanding the name had its origin in the despair of an early missionary, who, finding the natives turned a deaf ear to his teaching, dubbed them all 'Namau'." (Williams 1924: 4). Koriki, I'ai, and Maipua refer to self-defining groups that make up the six groups that today compose the people who speak Purari. Along with the Baroi (formerly known as the Evorra, which was the name of a village site), Kaimari and the Vaimuru, these groups speak mutually intelligible dialects of Purari. The name ''Baimuru'' (after Baimuru Rural LLG) is given in Petterson (2019).Petterson, Robert. 2019. Interesting Features of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tairuma Language Tairuma, also known as Uaripi after its location, is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Uaripi () in Central Kerema Rural LLG, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... A grammar of Tairuma was written by Ikamu and Jo in 2014.Ikamu, Gabriel and Joong-Hwan Jo. 2014. Tentative grammar description for the Tairuma language'. Manuscript. References Rueck, Michael J., Margaret Potter, and Badi Vila. 2010. Language Group">ar">A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Tairuma [uar/nowiki> Language Group'. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-021. Eleman languages Languages of Gulf Province {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Orokolo Language Orokolo is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Eleman branch spoken in Ihu Rural LLG, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea by about 50,000 people (2010). Alternate names are Bailala, Haira, Kaipi, Kairu-Kaura, Muro, Muru, Vailala, and West Elema. It is spoken in various villages, including Vailala (). It is notable for having a very small consonant inventory. Literature This first New Testament (''Pupu Oharo Āre'') was translated by the Rev. S. H. Dewdney, a Congregational missionary with the London Missionary Society, and Lavako Maika, an evangelist. It was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1963. Genesis, called ''Genese'', was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Australia in 1970. Ruth, called ''Rute'', was published by the Bible Society in Australia, in 1972. Phonology Orokolo has six consonant phonemes. /m l/ are nasal nword-initially and oral � lintervocalically. The alveolar plosive /t/ is about 10 times rarer than it is in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. It has Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border, a land border with Indonesia to the west and neighbours Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Its capital, on its southern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest list of island countries, island country, with an area of . The nation was split in the 1880s between German New Guinea in the North and the Territory of Papua, British Territory of Papua in the South, the latter of which was ceded to Australia in 1902. All of present-day Papua New Guinea came under Australian control following World War I, with the legally distinct Territory of New Guinea being established out of the former German colony as a League of Nations mandate. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Opao Language Opao is a Trans–New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References Eleman languages Languages of Gulf Province {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Keuru Language Keuru, or Keoru-Ahia after two of its dialects, is a Trans–New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References Eleman languages Languages of Gulf Province {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]